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This bachelor thesis deals with the evaluation of the use of insemination in a selected herd of beef cattle. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis characterizes the concepts related to the topic.It describes the anatomy and physiology of the cow, insemination and methods, genomics and current and future trends in the field of insemination. The practical part interprets and evaluates the results of the analysis, which are based on the cow's passport cards and the record of the performance check.

The thesis deals with the significance of minerals in nutrition of charolais beef cattle. We classify minerals as additives, and they are very important in the nutrition of cattle. They are divided into macronutrients and micronutrients. Their deficit can have negative consequences for fetal development, juvenile growth but also for adults. Nowadays, pastures and forages do not provide enough minerals. It is necessary to supplement them with suitable feed ration and control their amounts in the body. The first part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of beef cattle. The charolais breed belongs to the most efficient beef cattle but also one of the breeds which are demanding on nutrition. In the second of the thesis, the morphology of the digestive system and its function is described. In the last part, the individual minerals and their application to feed rations of individual categories of cattle are characterized. It is important to deal with the mineral nutrition from the last third of pregnancy, when the nutrition affects the unborn calf the most and has influence on the state of minerals even after its birth. The most common way to supplement minerals at farms is by mineral licks or mineral premixes. The most suitable is to supplement organic minerals, which are more absorbable for the organism than the inorganic ones.

The thesis is focused on the growth intensity of Aberdeen Angus, Charolais and Limousine. In experiment A, 152 male animals were monitored. These bulls came from organic and conventional breeding. For bulls, the date of birth, birth weight, father's line, date of sale, and live weight of bulls at sale were followed. Experiment B included 88 female heifers. Within each breed heifers came from conventional and organic breeding. Heifers were monitored for birth date, birth weight, father's line, weight at 120 and 210 days. Significant differences (p < 0.01) were found in the evaluation of the weights of individual monitored parameters between bulls and heifers, which are confirmed by the rule that females have lower birth weight (37 kg) than males (40 kg). However, at 120 days of age, weights were higher in heifers (177 kg) compared to bulls (148 kg). In the evaluation of breeding effect, the highest (p < 0.01) weights were found in Charolais (bulls 163 kg, heifers 187 kg).

Theme of this work is breeding of cattle meat breed Hereford breed and their crossbreds with Charolais and Czech spotted cattle. We monitored the influence of sex, breed of father and mother, parity and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of animal age. Growth of calves in individual cross combinations were evaluated too. The study was performed on the selected herd of 215 pieces of cattle: 85 of Hereford breed, 68 of Charolais breed and 62 of Czech spotted cattle breed. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 90ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota near Mladosovice. We used information and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2017 and 2018. This diploma thesis confirms that higher average weights can be attain as crossbreeding of meat breeds and also by crossbreeds with dual purpose cattle breeds. Calves born in the late months of the year come up to higher average weights too. From the statistical analysis it is possible to prove the influence of the parent combination on the average weights of calves and their weight gains. The lowest weight gains were observed in calves of crossbred combination of Charolais vs. Czech spotted cattle (0.83 kg per day) and the highest values were detected in calves of Charolais vs. Hereford breeds (1 kg per day).

This thesis is concerned with displays of postweaning maternal behaviour of chosen Charolais cows held in non-milking system. The analysis of the cows was done on the farm located in Vysočina region. The herd consisted of 16 cows, 10 of them were observed after weaning. Ethological observation ran for 3 days, first day for 24 hours, second and third day during the time of daylight. Basal behaviour cathegories were registered use of the interval method and the length of interval was 10 minutes. The vocalization was registered permanently. The results of the observation of four basal behavior cathegories were analyzed comparatively.

The aim of this master thesis was to evaluate the effect of the year on the growth ability and the birth process of charolais breed at the selected organic farm. Review is focused on the characteristics of charolais, breeding, performance testing, births, birth weight, growth, calving season, livestock grazing, organic farming and cattle breeding in organic farming. Evaluated results from the growth ability recording scheme on the private organic farm were described in experimental part of this work. Measured values were birth weight, weight in 120 and 210 days. Further the experimental part was focused on the birth process. All presented results were compared with values from the Czech Republic records. It has been found that charolais from the organic private farm has higher average growth ability compares to the Czech Republic. In the years 2011 to 2015 was measured average birth weight of 46.7 kg for bulls and 42.9 kg for heifers. Average weight at 120 days was 196.1 kg for bulls and 180.3 kg for heifers. Average weight at 210 days was 324.7 kg for bulls and 295.1 kg for heifers. The births were almost always evaluated like easy in the monitored farm. During evaluating calving season, results show 63% of the births from January to March. At the end is evaluate the impact of the air temperature and rainfall on the yield on feed, where we can say that for the growth of grassland is not important how many millimeters of annual rainfall is, but the distribution and frequency of rainfall.

Aim of this thesis was to evaluate influence of inorganic selenium given, in a form of mineral supplement compound, to cows and their calves in order to supply their organism with selenium and also for the utilitarian traits. These were divided into two groups of six and supplemented with two different forms of selenium: group A was given inorganic sodium selenite, group B was given organic selenomethionine. Cows that were examined before the start of supplementation had average activity GPX in blood samples from group A 847,06 +- 170,77 ukat/l and group B 791,30 +- 91,20 ukat/l and concentration of Se of group A: 136,70 +- 27,97 ug/l and group B 95,77 +- 20,05 ug/l. It was found that cows postpartum had higher activity of GPx by 26% in group A and by 45% in group B. Difference between groups was statistically inconclusive (p < 0,28). Increase in concentration of selenium in blood of cows in group A was 7,5% and in group B 5%. In blood of newborn calves of both groups was not found conclusive difference of GPx (p < 0,43). Concentration of selenium in group calves A 160,18 +- 18,07 ug/l and group B 105,30 +- 24,26 ug/l. Difference in concentration of selenium in blood of cows and calves was statistically conclusive (p < 0,05), but because this difference was conclusive already before the supplement compound was given both inorganically and organically bound selenium, this result cannot be interpreted as conclusive influence of different forms of selenium supplemented. Weight and weight gain of calves were balanced between groups and statistically did not differ (p < 0,39). It can be concluded that both forms of selenium had analogical biological effect on focused parameters.In blood of newborn calves no conclusive difference in GPx was found

The thesis "The Differences in Cows' Relaxation Behaviour of the Czech Pied Cattle Breed and Selected Charolais Breed" is focused mainly on the period of standing and lie down. As for both breeds' lie down a left and right side preference is studied. Standing is divided according to two aspects -- period of standing and standing-eating. The observation was performed on a farm "ZePo, a.s. Libchavy" in November 2014 and was proceeding in two phases. The observation took place in three stables, specifically in a binding stable for cows of Czech Pied cattle breed, free hutch stables for cows of Charolais breed and free hutch stables for dairy-cows. From the full number of cows, in the stables, the group of 20 cows was selected, with the average milk yield of about 24 kilograms and in 150 lactation days. Among monitored factors influencing the cows' behaviour the following ones were chosen: breed and technology of stabling. Concerning the influence of breed on standing highly significant matches were found (p0, 05). Due to the stabling technology there were not differences in the standing and standing-eating, the result was statistically highly significant (p0,05).

The aim of this study was to determine how resting behavior is affected by time of day, temperature and seasons in cattle at the pasture. The experiment took place from spring to autumn, on a farm in the village of Bystřice and its surroundings. The herd was always monitored for 10h and individual expressions of life were recorded every 15 min. At the same time, temperature was measured in the interval of 30 minutes. With Charolais cattle were monitored frequencies of lying/standing and preferential behavior of cattle while resting such as preference of left or right side of the body and the choice between sunny or shady place for lying/standing. Time of day especially had an influence on the choice between lying in the sun or shade. Animals during the morning hours prefer lying in the sun, after 13 h herd opted shadow. Regarding temperature, there was mainly influenced preferential behavior, in terms of choosing a place to rest. With increasing temperature, animals statistically significantly preferred a shady place to lie down. On the contrary, it was evident that at colder temperatures animals liked to lying down on the sun. The ratio of lying and standing animals was slightly influenced by temperature and animals were mostly lying more than standing. Seasons influenced both the selection of places to rest as well as the ratio of standing and lying animals. Bigger amount of the animals were recorded standing at spring. In contrast, in the summer and fall, herd was lying more often. In spring and autumn, animals preferred lying in the sun and in the summer herd preferred lying down in the shade. There were also monitored other vital signs, such as movement, food intake, water intake, urination and defecation, comfortable and social behavior.

This thesis is focused on the evaluation of selected influences acting on the commercial production of Charolais cows. I evaluated the influence of the number of cows kept, the number of calves born, mortality and adverse selection. Herd turnover was monitored in Tvrdkovská zemědělska farma for one year. In each month were determined inputs and outputs in all categories. After evaluating the effects, I found that for market production is the most important number of calves born. Funds from the sale of calves make up the largest sales. Farm in 2013 earned a total of 5,993,582 CZK. For the sale of calves 3,836,916 CZK. Another factor increasing sales was sale of discarded pieces, which makes farms earned 2,156,666 CZK.

The aim of this bachelor thesis was to characterize charolais breed and it's growth ability under the Czech conditions. Review is focused on history of breeding. Closely are described births, growth and exterior appearance. Further the thesis is focused on organic farming and cattle breeding in organic farming. Evaluated results from the growth ability recording scheme on the private Czech organic farm in Vysočina region were described in experimental part of this thesis. It was focused on birth weight, weight in 120 and 210 days. Presented results were comprised with average production in the Czech Republic with the private Czech Organic Farm Lenka Ludvíková. Further the experimental part was focused on the birth processes which were comprised with the Czech Republic. It has been found that charolais from the organic private farm has higher average growth ability compared to the Czech Republic. In the years 2011, 2012, 2013 was measured average birth weight of 47,3 kg for bulls and 43,1 kg for heifers. Average weight at 120 days was 199,3 kg for bulls and 181,6 kg for heifers. Average weight at 210 days was 329,9 kg for bulls and 302,3 kg for heifers. The births were in the monitored farm almost always easy.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence selected factors on growth and carcass value of bulls fattened to slaughter weight in the reference herd of Czech Pied cattle breed and its crosses with meat breeds. A total of 70 pieces were observed among breeds of bulls, 32 bulls were of Czech Pied breed, 29 bulls of Czech Pied breed hybrid beef breeds bulls and 9 were crossbred beef cattle. Bulls for fattening were stopped at the age of 9-12 months and were fattened for around two years, 24 months of age.