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This thesis is aimed at elucidation of host-parasite dynamics in specific cold-temperature habitats. Particularly, it focuses on predators, namely the Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus) and presents information about its parasitofauna and phylogeography from several regions of its polar range: namely Svalbard, Greenland and Canada. The thesis is introduced by a short overview of relevant facts on parasites in a cold climate and on the introduction of a host of interest - the Arctic fox. The introduction is followed by a study of parasite diversity in Svalbard foxes. This study is complemented with a parasitic survey of introduced rodents Sibling voles (Microtus levis), possible prey of foxes. The next study describes the Arctic fox parasitofauna in Greenland and Canadian localities and is supplemented by phylogeographical study of Arctic foxes. The following study represents a comparison of the prevalence of parasitic protists of the genus Cryptosporidium in wild canids in central Europe. The final study uncovers the potential threat of introduced animals to Arctic regions by examination of parasitofauna of imported dogs in Svalbard.