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Copyright of Nursing Perspectives / Ošetřovatelské Perspektivy is the property of Silesian University in Opava, Faculty of Public Policies in Opava and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Friedrich Ratzel (1844-1904) is often portrayed in the Czech context as a controversial figure in the development of political-geographical or geopolitical thought. This is probably a consequence of the lack of attention and research interest in the Czech Republic. Nevertheless, his conception of the state resonates quite strongly in the domestic literature. Available sources indicate that under the influence of Social Darwinism he came up with the idea of the state as a (living or biological) organism that must grow (expand its Lebensraum), become stronger and occupy more and more space in order to survive (in the struggle for life). This interpretation, which is in fact very misleading, forms an important pillar of Ratzel's overall negative perception. For it implies that his conception of the state is an application of Darwin's natural selection and the struggle for survival to human society, states and international relations. Such an interpretation of Ratzel's thought sounds truly sinister, and in this vein could be used to justify territorial expansion as the natural right of the stronger. On closer examination, however, it turns out that the Social Darwinist interpretation of Ratzel's thought is highly questionable and that his conception of the state cannot be used in this way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of this article is the regulation of compensation for injury caused by a service accident to a civil servant. It is a sad example that service law does not offer unarmed civil servants a better regulation of injury compensation, even if they have suffered such injury because of the violence of a client to whom they were providing services in the interest of the Czech Republic. In conclusion, it is noted that even the Czech Republic cannot afford to squander the potential of its civil servants by not providing them with tangible benefits in the event of an on-duty injury, as such civil servants will not normally be motivated to perform their civil service effectively. We use the Swiss regulation and case law to depict that Swiss case law is and should be an inspiration even for Czech judges. A key observation concerns Swiss case law on the test applied in assessing whether or not mental illness is an occupational disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Th is study examines the variability of Scots pine provenances in four Czech research plots from the same series of experiments conducted in 1972. 121 provenances from the Czech Republic and Slovakia were evaluated in terms of growth and morphological characteristics. Th e quantitative traits measured for each tree were its tree height and DBH. Th e stem volume was also calculated according to the volume equation (Petráš, Pajtík 1991). Among the qualitative traits, stem form, health status, branch thickness in the crown, stem damage, stem twist, stem clearing, stem cross-section, and taper were evaluated. Th e large variance in growth characteristics of provenances does not specify the suitability of a particular reproductive material for a given area. Slovak provenances even from a relatively small land unit (Šaštín area) planted in the same research plot have diff erent quantitative and qualitative traits. However, the evaluation of the test plots of Scots pine in Bohemia showed impaired growth performance of most of the Slovak provenances. Th erefore, it is necessary to test more provenances from a larger area of the Scots pine range to obtain the possibility of using a wider range of reproductive material of the tree in our conditions. In the long term, further provenance trials with new reproductive material are needed to assess suitability under changing natural conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) is an important tree species commonly used in managed forests of central Europe. However, its genetic structure, post-glacial range dynamics, and consequent nativity status are poorly understood. Here we provide the fi rst study focusing on the genetic structure of in situ larch populations in the north-eastern Czech Republic using molecular genetics. Most of the studied area is traditionally considered to be a part of the autochthonous native range of the Jeseníky lineage of larch and some of the included populations are protected as belonging to this type. We confi rm a common presence of the Jeseníky type and its close evolutionary relation with larch populations from both the Carpathians and Poland. However, we also found important levels of admixture of genetic material from the Alps in all of the analyzed populations. Th e highest amount of Alpine admixture was found in the populations of intensively managed forests, the proportion of non-native material in the protected areas was relatively lower but still signifi cant. Our results show the importance of populationgenetic research for practical conservation of local populations and lineages even for common species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-acting injectable antipsychotics are one of the mainstays of long-term treatment for schizophrenia. The production of the first classical long-acting injectable antipsychotics began in the 1970s and their use expanded, only to decline with the advent of second-generation oral antipsychotics with new properties. Taking advantage of the beneficial properties of second-generation antipsychotics, including their neuroprotective effect, with 100% certainty of adherence, is made possible by the current range of long-acting injectable second-generation antipsychotics. In the Czech Republic, the first second-generation antipsychotic in this dosage form was registered in 2003, and four active substances are currently available, the prescription of which remains limited by reimbursement restrictions. The costs for health insurers have been gradually increasing over 20 years and have tripled when comparing 2014-2022. The first generic long-acting injectable antipsychotic drugs are currently being marketed, the arrival of which will bring about a decline in reimbursement from public health insurance in this important segment of psychopharmacological treatment, theoretically allowing its further expansion towards appropriate patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest soil moisture limits (hydrolimits) suggest variation in soil water availability for tree species. In this study, we focused on estimations of soil hydrolimits using multiple regression with grain size, Corg, pH/H2 O and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the overlays between forest site georelief and bedrock in the Czech Republic. The multiple regression parameters were optimized in a system of 615 pits from case studies in 32 natural forest areas during 2002–2020. Light anhydromorphic soils were characterized by a decrease in hydrolimits with a profile depth, while hydrolimit values were higher at greater depths in hydromorphic soils. The dependences of hydrolimits on the granularity and forest soil physico-chemical properties were closer in the subsurface horizons than in the top ones. Higher correlations suggested that the hydrolimit increase appears to be more easily achievable in subsurface soil horizons by stimulating variable contents of Corg and CEC. On the other hand, the dependence of hydrolimits on variable soil properties suggested sensitivity to environmental changes affecting ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Sportiva Bohemica et Slovaca is the property of Ceska spolecnost telovychovneho lekarstvi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Switching the treatment with antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs is often necessary and must be carried out effectively to minimize unjustified treatment interruptions. For these reasons, we have decided to create a simple assistance software tool the SwitchApp application. This application can serve as an “evidence-based” guide to determine the duration of administration and the dosing of individual medicinal products when switching between them, and thus substantially assist psychiatrists when switching respective therapy. Material and methods: Data for the Switch App were obtained from public sources (summaries of product characteristics, scientific literature, guidelines). The most frequently used antipsychotics and antidepressants in the Czech Republic have been selected. A website was first created based on wireframes, assignments and provided documentation (using ASP.NET Core and Angular frames), which has been internally tested by a user. When the final version of the website was approved, a mobile application was developed for Android and iOS devices (using the Apache Cordova framework). Results: The web application has a very simple intuitive interface, which can be accessed on http://www.switchapp.cz/. The application for mobile phones can be downloaded and installed under the name SwitchApp (TME solutions s.r.o. – medicine) on the Google Play (Android) and App Store (iOS) platforms. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are selected from the scrolling lists in the left part of the screen and therapeutic doses are entered in the right part of the screen. After entering the required data (active substances are mandatory, the dose does not have to be entered) and clicking on the box “evaluate”, a clear dosing chart and a text description in case of antipsychotics and a text description in case of antidepressants are displayed. Conclusion: SwitchApp is the first and the only Web portal and a mobile application in the Czech language assisting physicians to plan a schedule when switching medicinal products. The application contains a clear guide offering physicians evidence-based recommendations for the gradual change of dosing of antipsychotics or antidepressants they are discontinuing or initiating. The validity of the outcomes is confirmed by the professional guarantee of the Psychiatric Society of the Czech Medical Association of J. E. Purkyne. However, this is only a recommended proposal for the procedure when switching pharmacotherapy in such groups of patients, but the overall health status must always be taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech Journal of Historical Heritage Preservation / Zpravy Pamatkove Pece is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Journal of Historical Heritage Preservation / Zpravy Pamatkove Pece is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pravnik is the property of Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of State & Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Measuring nutrition literacy should be an important tool to improve nutrition literacy and subsequently dietary behaviour at the population level, but also to identify individuals with limited nutrition literacy with the potential to define personalised interventions. In addition, a nutrition literacy assessment tool may allow standardisation of scientific outcomes of population-based nutritional behaviour intervention programmes. However, no such tool currently exists in the Czech Republic. This paper summarizes the existing tools for assessing nutrition or food literacy from abroad and introduces the intention to develop a suitable tool applicable to the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Remedia is the property of Medical Tribune CZ, s.r.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many countries experienced a lack of health capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic. In reaction to these events, expert discussions arose across the continents on the legal and ethical rules of patient prioritisation (triage) at times of crisis. In the Czech Republic, two expert recommendations were issued in 2020, which lead to conflicting conclusions on some important issues. Because of its complexity and sensitivity, the reflection of patient triage in law and ethics is often inconsistent or vague. As a result, there are not only doubts about the very practical relevance of medical ethics but also, and above all, a high level of legal uncertainty, which further complicates the work of health professionals. The paper presents the crisis patient prioritisation from the basic ethical and legal perspectives. It first defines the significance and possible application of the most widespread ethical theories. Then, it addresses the legal framework of prioritisation in the Czech Republic, the possible liability consequences of breaching the legal obligations of a physician or a health services provider, and the discussion about the possible legal defences. Rather than definitive answers, the paper presents and analyses the professional discourse that has been intense under the influence of the coronavirus pandemic in the past two years. It would be unwise for this discourse to be neglected in the future because of the false impression that it is no longer needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neurologie Pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech Radiology / Ceska Radiologie is the property of Czech Medical Association of JE Purkyne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text analyses statements about migration, Islamic terrorism and Islam itself presented in the Czech public space during the 2015-2016 European Migrant Crisis. It maps the position of the Prague archbishop and his co-workers as it is gradually moving nearer to the extreme views of the issue. Politicians often used the reference to so-called Christian values during the time of the migrant crisis, and, remarkably, it has been relevant to many people in the context of the secularised society of the Czech Republic. These debates have been tempting for representatives of churches to participate in political fights, which eventually negatively influence their credibility as preachers of the gospel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nest predation significantly contributes to the overall bird mortality. The burrow nesting birds are exposed especially to cavity inhabiting or effectively digging mammals. The presence of potential mammalian predators of nests of the Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis) was studied using camera traps installed at seven nest sites on four streams (Štěpánovský, Losinský, Čestínský, Chotýšanka) in the Sázava River basin, Central Bohemia, Czech Republic, during the breeding seasons 2020 and 2021 (15 nesting events, 621 trap days). Altogether, ten different potential mammalian predators, including Marten (Martes sp.), Brown Rat (Rattus norvegicus), Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) and Wild Boar (Sus scrofa), were identified being present in the close proximity to the kingfisher nests for 61 different trap days. Despite this, no case of nest destruction or brood predation by these animals was recorded. All seven nesting attempts were successful in 2020. In contrast, in 2021, four out of eight nesting attempts failed for various other reasons (flooding, intraspecific competition, egg incubation/fertilization failure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Staleta Praha is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The territorial administrative structure of the Czech Republic has been reformed by Act No. 51/2020 Sb. This change implements an integrated system of local administrative units for the performance of the state administration on different levels based on local units defined as micro-regions. The new arrangement respects the existing boarders of territorial self--governing units while provides an abolishment of the old system of administrative regions based on Act No. 36/1960 Sb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of high-quality local reproductive material, which makes it impossible to reforest large clearings after the calamity, results in the search for other suitable sources. Extensive testing of the spruce provenances in various conditions started as early as in 1960s and lasts until today. The presented study is focused on research plots from the series 1984/86–1990 with the Norway spruce’s progenies of certified units of category IIA taken within the whole territory of the Czech Republic. On two selected research plots Úsov and Jedovnice evaluation of both quantitative (tree height, DBH) and qualitative traits (stem form, stem damage, defoliation and health state) was performed. Measured provenances in young middle age growing in the conditions with a lack of precipitation showed initial growth and morphological differentiation. The highest growing stock as for the Úsov plot was achieved by provenance 46 – Janovice, Karlov pod Pradědem 2, and in the Jedovnice plot it was provenance 50 – Rožnov pod Radhoštěm, Horní Bečva. Low defoliation and overall good health state on both plots indicate resistance to external abiotic and biotic factors. In both research plots it was possible to define sets of above-average, average and below-average evaluated provenances. In summary, provenances originated from the Vysočina, Jeseníky and Beskydy mountains thrived in both plots. At the beginning of the 1980s, there was a mast year of Norway spruce, enabling the collection of seeds from 53 recognized units of category IIA (Table 1), which were considered to be the best stands in the given conditions. The obtained seeds were sown in eleven forest nurseries in the spring 1984. In the years 1986–1990, 23 research plots were established in total. The aim of the paper is to assess the variability of growth, phenotypic characteristics and health state of Norway spruce provenances in the research plots Jedovnice and Úsov at the age of 35 years. The evaluation provides an overview of the behaviour of spruce provenances in relevant site conditions and their possible grouping according to similar growth features. In all cases, 49 spruce provenances were planted on the established research plots, but four each time (different according to localities) were not planted due to the cultivation of different amounts of planting stock. Each research plot reaches a size of 1.96 ha, and the distribution of provenances was performed by a double grid system of 7 × 7 provenances with four repetitions. The plots of interest in Úsov and Jedovnice were measured in 2019 at the age of 35, where quantitative and qualitative indicators of volume production were evaluated, and resistance of provenances to abiotic harmful effects, respectively. From the biometric data, the tree height and DBH were measured. Based on the results of measurements of heights and DBH, the stem volume (o.b.) was calculated using the volume equation. The evaluation of qualitative features (stem form, stem damage, defoliation, and health state) focused on resistance to negative influences was also performed (Table 2). When comparing heights (Fig. 1 and 2) and standing volumes (Table 3 and 4), there was a significant differentiation compared to the values of DBH (Fig. 3 and 4). In the case of qualitative indicators, only slight amount of variability was observed. The health status and defoliation of spruce in the research plots point to good vitality, even though the bark calamity has already manifested itself in the surrounding forest stands. Most trees are without stem damage, but there are some provenances with prevailing damaged stems in the top part. On the Jedovnice plot, a completely straight stem form predominates, while on the Úsov plot, once slightly bent form is more pronounced. PCA method taking into account significant dendrometric and morphological features gives good results only for research plot Úsov. The data show a strong relationship between tree height, stem form and DBH, and also between health state and the number of growing individuals (Fig. 5). Partial clustering of provenances according to natural forest areas was found. The evaluation of provenance plots in Central Moravia showed that significant differentiation among provenances was found especially in heights and standing volumes. Both plots were dominated by provenances from the Vysočina, Jeseníky and Beskydy mountains. For qualitative traits, the selected characteristics have not manifested themselves significantly due to the young age of experimental material. For the next phase of research, there is supposed to add more morphological characteristics, which can be evaluated only at older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the ability of Czech President Miloš Zeman to establish political issues in the public discussion. The period investigated in this study covers the latter part of his first term and the early part of his second term in office. We identified the key issues of his public speeches using content analysis. The eight most important issues (Chinese investment in Czechia, support for Israel, sanctions against Russia, the fight against terrorism, budget investments, hospice care, criticism of the European Union and inclusivity) were observed in several major Czech media outlets. Using a quantitative method, we constructed agendasetting graphs for each issue; using qualitative analyses, we described the context and the president's success rate in issue management. President Zeman successfully established the issues of Chinese investment and support for Israel in the media agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of symptomatic occlusion of cerebral artery has become a standard treatment in acute ischemic stroke (IS) patients. Based on analysis of previously published results, the recommendations for the centers performing MT were introduced in the year 2018 and became accepted as indicators of quality of care. The aim of presented study was to evaluate if our center was able to follow the recommendations established by international multi-society consensus, and furthermore, to assess a trend of recommended indicators during the time using a comparison of our results between years 2016 and 2019. Methods: All consecutive acute IS patients with large vessel occlusion both in anterior and posterior circulation treated in our center in the year 2019 were included in the analysis. All demographic and clinical data, as well as time parameters and treatment results were collected prospectively. Data were subsequently compared with recommended values of individual parameters of multi-society consensus. The results of the year 2019 were subsequently compared with those from the year 2016 to assess a trend in our center. Results: In total, 152 patients (52% of males, mean age: 71.2 ± 13.2 years) were indicated to MR in our center in the year 2019. In 75% of patients indicated to MT, brain imaging was started within 23 min after patient's arrival to center, groin puncture was performed within 62 min after patient's arrival to center (primary transport), and in 70% of patients, recanalization was achieved within 34 min after groin puncture. Recanalization (mTICI = 2b) was achieved in 133 (87.5%) patients a completed (mTICI 3) in 102 67.2%) patients. Eighty (52.6%) patients reached good 3-month clinical outcome (mRS 0-2). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage after MT occurred in 5 (3.4%) patients. Conclusion: Our results showed that it was possible fulfill the recommended values of parameters stated in the international multisociety consensus also in Czech Republic and thus, the can be recommended as indicators of quality of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pedagogická Orientace is the property of Pedagogicka Orientace and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which primarily includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a group of chronic diseases affecting the gastrointestinal tract. In terms of the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease, the severity of treatment, and the overall significant disruption of life, patients may also experience psychological problems. In this context, depression and anxiety appear to be the most common psychopathological co-morbidity in IBD patients. Symptoms of depression or anxiety may lead to intensification of clinical symptoms, general worsening of the course of the disease, or contribute to the relapse of the disease. The primary aim of the research was to map the level of depression and anxiety in adult IBD patients in the Czech Republic. The secondary aim of the research was to describe the relationship between anxiety/depression and selected clinical and demographic factors. A total of 213 adult IBD patients were admitted to the questionnaire through IBD centres and patient organizations. The data-collection methods were Beck's Depression Inventory II., Beck's Anxiety Inventory, and questionnaire for clinical/demographic variables. The results have found that patients included in the research have had a mild level of depression and anxiety. For the secondary aim of the research - data was analysed using univariate analysis, from which significant variables were subsequently included in multiple regression analysis. In univariate analysis, gender (p = 0,02), disease activity (p < 0,001), age (p < 0,01) and type of treatment (p = 0, 04) had a significant relationship to depression. Whereas gender (p = 0,04), disease activity (p < 0,001) and type of treatment (p = 0,04) had a significant relationship to anxiety. Multiple regression results showed that disease activity (p < 0,001) is among the most important predictors of higher level of depression (ß = 0,36) and anxiety (ß = 0,20). Multiple regression has also found age (ß = - 0,14; p = 0,03) as a significant predictor for a lower level of depression. Medication with corticosteroids (ß = 0,22; p=0,03) has been found as a significant predictor for a higher level of anxiety. The obtained overall results of the research are comparable to the foreign research's findings. One of the surprising results was no difference between CD and UC patients in the level of depression or anxiety. The difference between individual diseases can be influenced by the activity itself, where foreign researchers have not found any difference between UC and CD patients after controlling for the activity of the disease. The research has some limitations that need to be mentioned. The research sample included mostly female patients, most of the patients underwent biological treatment, thus they were probably patients with a more complicated course of the disease. A significant representation of women might be caused by the fact that women tend to be more involved in support groups or they are more willing to talk about disease-related problems. When measuring depression and anxiety, some issues may have been overestimated as some of them focused on the somatic manifestations of depression or anxiety, thus affected by the current state of the disease. Psychological problems should be considered in general treatment in IBD, with regard to the possible negative impact on disease and general quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Karst cave and landform occurrences within the Czech part of the Outer Western Carpathians and the Vienna Basin are rare. They are restricted primarily, but not exclusively, to three areas: (i) the Štramberk karst and (ii) the karst of the Pavlovské vrchy Hills, both developed in the Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous limestones present as tectonic klippen or olistoliths within the flysch nappes and (iii) the Mušlov karst in the Middle Miocene limestones of the Vienna Basin. Here we report on a karst cave V Mankově skále in another area, at Myslíkovské Lurdy, locality in the southern part of the Palkovické hůrky Hills near Frýdek-Místek town. Although this cave has been known among the locals for many years, its lithology, stratigraphy, karst geomorphology and structural control have never been described in detail. This paper aims to fill in this gap. The V Mankově skále Cave is a 10 m long karst cave with an entrance located at the outcrop of conglomerate layer consisting of massive intraclasts of the Štramberk limestones. The analysed samples of conglomerate contain clasts of detrital biogenic limestone, sandstone a rarely also phyllite. Clay flow rolls found at the bottom of sandstone overburden of the conglomerate bed contain dinoflagellate assemblage indicating a material redeposition during the Upper Campanian/Lower Maastrichtian period. The newly studied landforms represent the karst within the youngest host rocks on the territory of the Outer Western Carpathians in Czechia, making part of the Late Cretaceous Palkovice Fm. within the Baška Development (Silesian Unit). Numerous wall scallops and karren forms have been identified on the cave walls, indicating genesis under phreatic conditions. However, the structural analysis and cave morphology indicate that the cave development is probably also related to mechanical effect of gravitational slope movements. Brittle deformation zones within the rock massif, manifested by steeply dipping NE-SW and NW-SE striking fractures, represent the main structural control of the cave. The results of electrical resistivity tomography suggest that other karst forms can be probably found within another fracture zone up the slope. Tracer tests revealed that the spring of about 1m long stream running through the cave is located about 20 m further to south underneath the deluvial and fluvial sediments of the Bačův creek. It flows out as four adjacent springs with individual discharge of the order of 10-2 l. s-1. It can be deduced that minimum volume of the karst conduit corresponds to 88 dm3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the methods of processing temperature measurements in boreholes is the extrapolation procedure, developed and applied by J. Polášek as a part of the geothermal evaluation of the Všebořice area near Ústí nad Labem. This procedure is based on a divison of the measured temperature profile into sections (regions) based on its course and geological profile of the borehole. Using a linear regression, the best-fit lines through the measured temperature depth profiles are calculated for each of the regions. Subsequently, pair combinations of the best-fit lines of the individual regions of the measured temperature curve are generated, depending on the temperature depth profile of the particular borehole, and parameters of their extrapolation function are calculated. Based on the assessment and evaluation of the results of the calculation for each pair of regions of the measured temperature curves and the assessment of the geological structure at the borehole area, the appropriate pair combinations of the measured temperature curve regions are selected, for which the average of the extrapolation function values is calculated. This procedure is repeated for several other suitable pair combinations of the measured temperature curve regions. Values that show the lowest root mean square deviation from the measured temperatures, while respecting the geological structure in the borehole area, are considered the most suitable for extrapolating temperature to a greater depth. Some temperature curves in boreholes processed using this procedure show a close temperature gradient in all selected regions of the curve. In such boreholes, the total extrapolation function is a straight line. Common case is a presence of several successive regions of the curve with a linear pattern whose gradient gradually increases. The extrapolation function of such borehole temperature curve is represented by a second degree polynomial. In some cases, however, several successive regions of the curve, each with a linear pattern, showed a gradually decreasing gradient. Such extrapolation gives meaningless outputs and the causes of such a result need to be searched for. This extrapolation can be in some cases and to a certain extent explained by the geological structure of the area. Due to the very limited knowledge of the deeper geological structure in the Czech Republic and also as the change of the temperature curve does not always have obvious geological causes, the risk of considerable inaccuracies in temperature determination at depth is high and definitely increases with extrapolation depth (length). Results of the extrapolation of temperature curves in boreholes are therefore only approximate. Significant refinement of extrapolation of temperature measurements in boreholes deeper than 1 km can be achieved, for example, by electromagnetic geophysical measurements with a long reach, and by use of special methods of their geothermal interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common yew (Taxus baccata L.) is classified as a highly endangered plant species according to the valid national legislation. Wild or at least historical cultural occurrences of this species have been preserved only in some areas of the Czech Republic, including the Lusatian Mountains. In this region, the issue of yew has been given increased attention for two decades. In 1999, a targeted inventarization of species occurrence sites was started. The yew gene pool is protected and the population reinforcement by plantings at selected forest sites is carried out. The subjects of interest are 14 potentially autochthonous ± isolated yew localities in the Lusatian Mountains and 3 localities of undoubtedly cultural origin. Selected quantitative and qualitative characteristics of all known yew individuals were measured. More attention is focused on the issue of natural regeneration, seedlings ecesis and sex ratio. The results correspond well with the findings of other authors. Yew, even in advanced age, is characterized by a significant increase in thickness and good vitality. The species responds very positively to supportive measures of regulatory conservation management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatrie pro Praxi is the property of SOLEN sro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author defends the thesis that the purpose of disciplinary responsibility is to ensure the functioning of the judiciary. This also implies his answer to the question of what actions we are to punish as disciplinary offences. An immoral, strange, offensive or undignified action of a judge should not in itself be a reason for imposing disciplinary punishment. This reason should only be a violation or threat to the functioning of justice. Of course, this can also be done with actions of immoral, strange, offensive, or undignified character. What is crucial here is their link to the functioning of the judiciary, not their very nature. This also applies to actions taken by a judge outside of their profession. The author illustrates these considerations on a case that has become known under the name Miss Monokiny in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulants use disorder is an emerging issue in the Czech Republic and even worldwide. The treatment of this condition is complicated by multiple factors as insufficient social background, impulsivity and intense craving. The treatment remains often unsuccessful and there is no specific pharmacological treatment so far. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive therapeutic method well known and approved in the treatment of treatment-ressistent psychiatric disorders. In the last decade, the possibility of implementing this method to the substance use disorders (SUD) treatment has been explored. This review aims to provide an insight to the evidence published on the field of rTMS in patients using stimulants. 12 original studies were identified by the literature research (8 of cocaine use disorder and 4 of methamphetamine use disorder). The high frequency stimulation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex delivered by common figure of eight coil was used by the majority of researchers. Some of the others used the theta burst stimulation, or deep transcranial magnetic stimulation delivered by H-coil. Cue-induced craving (craving after exposing the subjects to a drug related cue) was evaluated in most papers. A control group stimulated by a sham stimulation was included in 5 studies. Sham stimulation plays an important role in rTMS research as it can distinguish the placebo effect of the stimulation itself. Presented studies differed widely in stimulation protocols (frequency, intensity, stimulated area, total number of pulses etc.) and provided results remain inconsistent. Low numbers of subjects stand for limit as well. However, most studies presented at least some effect of rTMS on either craving or stimulants use. Also, well designed double-blind studies revealed promising results. The results of reviewed trials provide a promising perspective that rTMS can be an effective method in stimulants use disorder treatment. However, the number of double-blind sham-controlled trials remains insufficient. More controlled double-blind trials with larger number of participants need to be completed. Intensified protocols may come in handy for future as they allow researchers to deliver larger total number of pulses in shorter period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Another report of the Czech Rarities Committee, working under the Czech Society for Ornithology (CSO), includes records of rare bird species in the Czech Republic submitted for assessment to the Committee in the year 2019 and at the beginning of the year 2020. During this period, the Committee resolved altogether 120 records – 109 of them (91%) were accepted, and 11 were rejected. Besides that, the report also includes 220 records of species which are subject to registration. In 2019, the Committee was composed of the following members: Jiří Horáček (chair), Jiří Šírek (secretary), Martin Vavřík, David Heyrovský, Robert Doležal, Jan Studecký, Jaroslav Šimek, and Michal Šindel. In 2019, the first record of the Pink-footed Goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) was made, and the first record of the Slender-billed Gull (Chroicocephalus genei) from 2017 was accepted. Other interesting observations include the second record of the Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia cantillans), second record of the Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi), second to fourth records of the Paddyfield Warbler (Acrocephalus agricola), third record of Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris), third record of the Booted Warbler (Iduna caligata), fourth and fifth record of the Blyth’s Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus dumetorum), fifth record of the Black-winged Kite (Elanus caeruleus), sixth record of the Lappland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus), seventh record of the Red-rumped Swallow (Cecropis daurica), ninth record of the Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), ninth to eleventh records of the Pallas’s Gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus), and tenth to eleventh records of the Western Cattle Egret (Bubulcus ibis). The second record of the White-winged Snowfinch (Montifringilla nivalis), and the third record of the Cinereous Vulture (Aegypius monachus) since 1989 were assessed. Among species which are subject to registration, very numerous occurrence of the Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Pallid Harrier (Circus macrourus), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Eurasian Scops Owl (Otus scops) and Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola) was recorded in 2019. In the following list, numbers in brackets in each species show the number of accepted records before 1988, in the years 1989–2018, and in 2019. Where provided, compound numbers such as n+2 indicate that, beside the accepted records, there is an uncertain number of reports not yet considered by the Committee. A dash (–) instead of a number means that records from the particular period were not collected. An asterisk (*) in front of the species name marks a new species for the fauna of the Czech Republic, “(r)” in front of the species name marks species whose records are only subject to registration. In the species registered since 2008, the number of records in the years 2008–2018 and in 2019 is given in brackets. The cases when the bird was first found already in the year 2018 and stayed till 2019, and added records from earlier years are shown in italics. We applied the nomenclature of the IOC World Bird List (version 8.2; IOC 2018). The Czech Rarities Committee is a member of the Association of European Records and Rarities Committees (AERC). See http://fkcso.cz and http://www.aerc.eu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International ILO agreements and EU law anticipates the existence of an entity devoted to create and to maintain social dialogue on a national level. Czech, Hungarian and even Polish respective laws do recognise such a body whose main function is to enforce a broad no-strike rule. For various reasons, Hungarian and Polish legislators decided to change the respective formal tripartite structures. This paper analyses those changes of the formal tripartite entity in said countries and compares them with the specific situation in the Czech Republic that is well-known for stagnation in this regard. The author addresses a research question: which tripartite entity is more efficient in its role to maintain peace and prosperity?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature review summarises the management practices of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) covering the topics of seed management and nursery production, silvicultural techniques as well as the approaches to the eradication of this tree species. In the Czech Republic, black locust is not included in the conventional forestry schemes because of environmental hazards related to its invasiveness. However, black locust could play a significant role, e.g. in energy plantations, short rotation production plantations (lignicultures) or in the urban greenery. In the European Union, there are countries like Hungary and Romania, where black locust represents an integral and important part of forestry. On the other hand, there are situations in which strict control and/or eradication of black locust is of crucial importance. The authors of this literature review decided to provide the Czech forestry audience with general information and experience on management of black locust under various scenarios in an open access forestry journal written in Czech. As we have experienced several years of extremely low precipitation and high temperatures in the Czech Republic, such information could be useful for Czech forest practitioners in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper examines planetary defense from the perspective of astronomy, which describe scientifically the global nature of the asteroid threat through direct sky observations, technology, which offers concrete solutions of asteroid deflections, international law, which studies within what legal frames planetary defense and asteroid mining is a feasible effort, and finally political science that explores the normative perception of the whole planetary defense endeavor. The aim of this article is to describe the dynamic between an overtly positivist threat formulation and normative implications of different ways of addressing the threat. Beside planetary defense efforts, it is crucial to focus on industrial capacities useful for asteroid mining because that would lead to a loud voice on international level in discussing future space mining regime. From the theoretical point of view, the topics are interlinked via the cosmopolitan theory of international politics and Welsh School of Critical Security Studies. All these theoretical perspectives accentuate positive security, therefore, potential scientific and industrial capacities of the Czech Republic in the field of asteroid mining and planetary defense are portrayed as humanistic and globally responsible solutions to the asteroid threat. Finally, we argue that proper identification of local research and industrial capacities are not necessarily only useful for scientific and economical interests of a small state but can be used as a foreign policy leverage to prevent super power from usurping the global debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Czech & Slovak Social Work / Sociální Práce / Sociálna Práca is the property of Czech & Slovak Social Work and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The CTL logging method, linked to the harvester technology, has an increasing share on the total annual felling in the Czech Republic. The aim of our study was to determine the relative share of unrecorded volume in length allowances on the total volume of merchantable timber, as produced by harvesters. We also analyzed the volume differences in length allowances in assortment groups. Data were gathered from *.STM files, 221 235 spruce logs were evaluated. The total volume of unrecorded timber in length allowances of merchantable assortments represented 2.19% of the total recorded timber volume. After dividing the logs into individual assortment groups, we found that in the groups Roundwood and Aggregate, the average relative volume in length allowances ranged from 2.41% to 2.43%, while in the group Pulpwood was only 1.22%. Significant differences between the relative timber volumes in length allowances were also found in individual groups of assortments after categorization of logs according to their nominal length and midspan diameter. In the groups Roundwood and Pulpwood, we found significantly lower relative timber volumes in length allowances for butt logs compared to other logs. The results can be used for estimation of unrecorded timber volume in length allowances to supplement forest management records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the influence of several personal factors on customer loyalty, which is one of the main tools of the company's competitiveness. The aim of the article is to find out whether there is a relationship between selected personality and demographic characteristics and customer loyalty. The research was conducted on a sample of 1530 customers (final consumers) from 102 food industry companies in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted using a cross-comparison method with relevant statistical tests. Research results show that customer loyalty is related to the demographic characteristics examined (especially gender, income and education) and some personality traits (especially the approach to buying cheap things and optimism). Research shows that women are more loyal than men, then optimists and people who are not so rich that they can buy cheap things. On the contrary, with increasing income and education loyalty is rather falling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thematic unit Chemical Reactions was identified as a critical point and also as a key point in the chemistry curriculum in lower secondary school, based on interviews with teachers of chemistry under an OP RDE research project called "Didactics: Man and Nature A". The lowest average success of pupils in this topic in the Czech Republic and abroad is also evident from the results of the TIMSS 2007. Therefore, in this paper, we have dealt with the circumstances of this situation and its possible improvement, in a broader context. We present a study of legislative documents (the Framework Education Program for Basic Education, etc.), as well as the thematic unit in Czech chemistry textbooks for lower secondary schools, and follow with proposals for an array of experiments, experimental cycles, etc., focused on the reactivity of chemicals. The array of experiments are experimental cycles relating to copper and its compounds, which are characterized by significant color changes or changes in the state of matter of the compounds of the reaction mixture. This can be instrumental in the more precise classification of chemical reactions according to selected criteria by learners and their better understanding of chemical reactions through analyzing the course of these experiments, supplemented by simple tests for determining reaction products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joseph Aloys Tichatscheck was one of the distinctive figures of singing not just for his original performances of the operas and music dramas by Richard Wagner, but also for his artistic complexity. He was practically a symbol of singing of Wagner's music drama and a true archetype of the Heldentenor. During Wagner's life, moreover, he became a major promoter of the composer's work. Article was founded on research of sources both in the Czech Republic as well as abroad (Bayreuth, Berlin, Dresden, Frankfurt, Leipzig, Moscow, Neuruppin, Vienna), but also thanks to digitized global archives and national libraries, documents, handwritten materials, newspaper and magazine reviews, photographs and family memories. Today it is more than two centuries since the artist's birth, and this part of Dissertation present a complex artistic and personal profile of Joseph Tichatscheck between years 1842-1843 as the outcome of the author's original research activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]