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Nakon povijesnog pregleda razvoja grčke lokalne samouprave u razdoblju nakon stjecanja neovisnosti o Otomanskom Carstvu analiziraju se novije reforme krajem 20. i početkom 21. stoljeća. Velika teritorijalna reforma dovršena je 1999. Postoje dvije razine samoupravnih jedinica te regije kao razvojne jedinice s određenim dodatnim ovlastima. Na prvom su stupnju općine i komune, a na drugoj prefekture. Reforma grčke lokalne samouprave pokazuje da ukidanje malih lokalnih jedinica ne mora značiti njihovo potpuno nestajanje, nego ih se može pretvoriti u oblik sudjelovanja građana u lokalnom upravljanju koji zadržava svoj prijašnji teritorijalni identitet. Također, pokazuje se da teritorijalna reforma bez promjena u financijskim izvorima lokalnih jedinica ne dovodi ni do kakvih promjena u mogućnostima financiranja i obavljanja šireg kruga javnih poslova. U tom smislu teritorijalna reforma sama po sebi nije decentralizacijska mjera. Ni neposredni izbor načelnika ne mora sam po sebi donijeti napredak u smjeru demokratizacije – iz grčkog se primjera vidi da bez podrške velikih nacionalnih političkih stranaka praktično nije moguće osvojiti mjesto načelnika ili prefekta., Following a historic overview of the development of Greek local self-government after gaining independence from the Ottoman Empire, the author analyses recent reforms at the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries. A comprehensive territorial reform was completed in 1999. There are two tiers of local self-government units, and regions as statistical units with certain additional competences. The first tier consists of municipalities and communes, and the second of prefectures. The reform of Greek local self-government has shown that abolition of small local units does not have to mean their complete disappearance, but that they can be turned into a form of citizens’ participation in local governance and thus keep their former territorial identity. Moreover, it has become obvious that a territorial reform without a reform of local units’ financial resources does not lead to any changes in their financial capacity and does not widen the scope of public affairs they perform. Thus, a territorial reform is not a decentralisation measure in itself. Furthermore, it is clear from the Greek example that even the institution of directly elected mayors does not necessarily mean a progress in democratisation – it is practically impossible to win the elections for a mayor or a prefect in Greece without the support of large national political parties.

U radu se prikazuje ustrojstvo lokalne samoupra ve u Republici Italiji. Obrađuju se teritorijalni ustroj talijanske lokalne samouprave, lokalni poslovi iz samoupravnog i prenesenog djelokruga, načini ostvarivanja neposrednog sudjelovanja građana u odlučivanju o lokalnim poslovima, sastav, način izbora i nadležnosti lokalnog predstavničkog tijela te izvršnih i upravnih tijela, talijanski lokalni izborni sustav temeljen na neposredno izabranom načelniku, načini financiranja općina i donošenja proračuna, kao i načini nadzora središnje države i regija nad općinama. U zaključku se predlažu instituti koje bi Hrvatska mogla preuzeti u svoj sustav lokalne samouprave., The paper deals with the organisation of local self-government in Italy as it is defined by Italian régulations, primarily by Decree on the Organisation of Local Units of 2000. The Decree has legal power of a law. The paper begins by analysing the territorial structure of the Italian self-government and outlines its monotype, three-tier local self-government with medium-sized municipalities. It proceeds to local affairs from self-governing and delegated scope and continues with direct citizens’participation in decision-making on local affairs, The author points out that the use ofthe forms of direct democracy dépends on the local régulations. Local représentative body (municipal council), local executive bodies (municipal board and mayor), and administrative bodies were described, as well as theirrespective membership, ways of élection, and compétences. The System of direct élection ofmayors has been given special attention. The ways offinancing local self-government units is mentioned and the rôle of thè collegiate board of economic-financial auditors, an independent body whose task is to assist thereprésentative and executive bodies with creating and passing local budgets, is explained. Finally, the author outlines central-local relations, including supervision over local bylaws and supervision oflocai bodies. With regard to supervision over locai bylaws, the stress is on the control oflegality and on the compétences of the Regional Commission for the Control ofMunicipal and Provincial Bylaws. Supervision of locai bodies primarily refers to the manners ofand preconditions for dissolution of municipal councils as well as removals from office of mayors, members ofmunicipal councils, and members of executive boards. Mechanisms used against mafia’s influence on local bodies are given special attention in the text.The author concludes with suggestions concerning the Institutes Croatia may take over from the Italian local-self-government System.

Glavni problemi lokalne samouprave u Hrvatskoj povezani su s njezinom neadekvatnom teritorijalnom strukturom, pretjeranom centralizacijom ovlasti i sredstava, neracionalnoŠću internog upravljanja u lokalnim jedinicama te njihovim slabim financijskim kapacitetom. U svakoj od navedenih dimenzija autor predlaže moguće pravce reforme sustava lokalne samouprave.