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Akutna limfoblastična leukemija najčešća je maligna bolest u djece. Primjena terapije prilagođene skupinama rizika rezultirala je izlječenjem u otprilike 80 % bolesnika, čime spada u jednu od najuspješnijih priča u povijesti onkologije. Poboljšanom sustavnom i intratekalnom terapijom danas je u većine djece moguće izostaviti profilaktičko zračenje središnjeg živčanog sustava. Kontinuirani napredak farmakogenomike dat će u bliskoj budućnosti nov uvid u pedijatrijsku leukemogenezu i izbor optimalne terapije. Kroz to vrijeme potrebno je imati na umu kasne učinke terapije u značajnog dijela preživjelih, te intenzivirati preventivne mjere i njihovo rano otkrivanje., Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is the most common pediatric malignancy. The implementation of risk-adapted treatment has secured a cure rate of approximately 80 %, and as such is one of the most successful stories in the history of oncology. The improved systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy has now enabled the safe omission of the prophylactic cranial irradiation in the vast majority of patients. Continuous advances in pharmacogenomics will provide new insights in pediatric leukemogenesis, and the optimal treatment in the near future. Meanwhile, important to have in mind that a significant fraction of leukemia survivors will have late therapy-related effects, and intensify preventive strategies and their early detection.