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Pedeset godina nakon stjecanja neovisnosti države Afrike su i dalje u lošijoj ekonomskoj situaciji nego ostatak svijeta. Cilj ovog rada je analizom dostupnih znanstvenih radova i literature ocijeniti predstavljaju li državne granice prepreku ekonomskom razvoju Afrike. Granice koje su ucrtavali kolonijalni vladari uzrok su brojnim ratnim sukobima. Brojni narodi u Africi su dolaskom kolonizatora izgubili svoje države i kraljevstva. Važan segment kulturnog identiteta nekog naroda je granica. Granice su podijelile narode između dviju ili više država te im znatno otežale položaj u novostvorenim državama. Afričko rudno bogatstvo predstavlja problem u pograničnim područjima, gdje je nerijetko dolazilo do ratnih sukoba. Međunarodni sud pravde je u zadnjih pedeset godina riješio brojne granične sporove, no brojni su ostali neriješeni. Na prostoru Afrike djeluje mnogo međunarodnih i regionalnih ekonomskih organizacija koje pokušavaju potaknuti ekonomski rast i razvoj Afrike. Sadržaj diplomskog rada dobra je podloga nastavnicima geografije za pripremu i izvedbu nastavnih sati za realizaciju ishoda u četvrtom razredu gimnazije o državnim granicama. Fifty years after independence, African countries are still in a worse economic situation than the rest of the world. The aim of this paper is to analyze the available scientific papers and literature to assess whether state borders are an obstacle to the economic development of Africa. The borders drawn by the colonial rulers are the cause of numerous war conflicts. Numerous peoples in Africa lost their states and kingdoms with the arrival of the colonizers. An important segment of a nation's cultural identity is the border. Borders divided peoples between two or more states and made their position in the newly created states much more difficult. African mineral wealth is a problem in border areas, where war conflicts have often occurred. The International Court of Justice has resolved several border disputes in the last fifty years, but unfortunately there are still many border disputes. There are many international and regional economic organizations in Africa that are trying to stimulate economic growth and development in Africa. The content of the diploma thesis is a good basis for geography teachers to prepare classes related to state borders.

Prije doseljenja Hrvata na današnjim prostorima nalazile su se rimske provincije Panonija i Dalmacija, a tek od 9. stoljeća možemo govoriti o postojanju hrvatskog suvereniteta nad spomenutim teritorijem. U 10. stoljeću pod krunom kralja Tomislava nastalo je Hrvatsko Kraljevstvo koje je svoj najveći opseg imalo u vrijeme vladavine Petra Krešimira IV. Svoju samostalnost Hrvati gube u 12. stoljeću kada ulaze u personalnu uniju s Ugarskom, a u razdoblju od 16. do 18. stoljeća Hrvatska se nalazi između Osmanlija, Mlečana i Habsburgovaca. Brojni sukobi protiv Osmanlija rezultirali su najmanjom površinom hrvatskog teritorija u povijesti, ''ostacima ostataka nekad slavnog Hrvatskog Kraljevstva''. Nakon stvaranja Austro-Ugarske Monarhije hrvatski teritorij podijeljen je na austrijski i ugarski dio, a završetkom Prvog svjetskog rata i slomom Austro-Ugarske dolazi do stvaranja nekoliko jugoslavenskih državnih zajednica u kojima je Hrvatska isprva bila podijeljena na šest oblasti, a kasnije na dvije banovine. Do ponovnog povezivanja hrvatskog teritorija dolazi tek 1939. godine stvaranjem Banovine Hrvatske, a današnji oblik Hrvatska je stekla nakon Drugog svjetskog rata, u sklopu Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije. Before the Croats settled, the Roman provinces of Pannonia and Dalmatia were located in today's area, and only since the 9th century can we talk about the existence of Croatian sovereignty over this territory. In the 10th century, under the crown of King Tomislav, the Kingdom of Croatia was formed, which had the greatest extent during the reign of Petar Krešimir IV. The Croats lost their independence in the 12th century when they entered into a personal union with Hungary, and in the period from the 16th to the 18th century Croatia was between the Ottomans, the Venetians and the Habsburgs. Numerous conflicts against the Ottomans resulted in the smallest area of Croatian territory in history, "the remnants of the remnants of the once glorious Kingdom of Croatia". After the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, its territory was divided into Austrian and Hungarian parts, and with the end of the First World War and the collapse of Austria-Hungary, several Yugoslav state communities were created, in which Croatia was first divided into six districts, and then into two banovinas. The reunification of Croatian territory happened in 1939 with the creation of the Banovina of Croatia, and Croatia gained its present form after the Second World War, within the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.

Ovaj rad bavi se sporovima i problemima između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te utjecajem na njihove međusobne odnose. U uvodnom dijelu govori se o razvoju i definiranju geopolitike kao perspektivi odnosa na kojoj se temelji rad. Glavni dio govori o geostrateškim interesima Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te važnosti izgradnje Pelješkog mosta za obje države. U nastavku rada govori se o hrvatskoj politici prema Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i odnosima te problemima u Bosni i Hercegovini koji mogu utjecati na geopolitičku i sigurnosnu poziciju Hrvatske. Teza ovog rada je da između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine postoje snažne veze i odnosi te da međusobno utječu jedna na drugu, ali postoje sporovi oko kojih ne mogu postići dogovor i koji predstavljaju problem u poboljšanju daljnjih odnosa., This paper is about disputes and problems between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and reflection of these problems in countries mutual relations. The introduction is about development and defining geopolitics as a perspective of relations on which this paper is based. Main part of the paper is about geostrategic interests of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and about the importance of building the Pelješac Bridge for both countries. In continuation of this paper, it is said about Croatian politics towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is also said about problems in BiH which can have effects on geopolitics and security position of Croatia. The thesis of this paper is that there are strong connections and relations between Croatia and BiH and that they are mutually affected by each other, but also it is difficult to reach agreements about disputes and they pose a problem for improving further relations.

Ovaj rad bavi se sporovima i problemima između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te utjecajem na njihove međusobne odnose. U uvodnom dijelu govori se o razvoju i definiranju geopolitike kao perspektivi odnosa na kojoj se temelji rad. Glavni dio govori o geostrateškim interesima Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine te važnosti izgradnje Pelješkog mosta za obje države. U nastavku rada govori se o hrvatskoj politici prema Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i odnosima te problemima u Bosni i Hercegovini koji mogu utjecati na geopolitičku i sigurnosnu poziciju Hrvatske. Teza ovog rada je da između Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine postoje snažne veze i odnosi te da međusobno utječu jedna na drugu, ali postoje sporovi oko kojih ne mogu postići dogovor i koji predstavljaju problem u poboljšanju daljnjih odnosa. This paper is about disputes and problems between Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and reflection of these problems in countries mutual relations. The introduction is about development and defining geopolitics as a perspective of relations on which this paper is based. Main part of the paper is about geostrategic interests of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and about the importance of building the Pelješac Bridge for both countries. In continuation of this paper, it is said about Croatian politics towards Bosnia and Herzegovina, but it is also said about problems in BiH which can have effects on geopolitics and security position of Croatia. The thesis of this paper is that there are strong connections and relations between Croatia and BiH and that they are mutually affected by each other, but also it is difficult to reach agreements about disputes and they pose a problem for improving further relations.