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This study investigated gender differences in the accuracy and speed of recognition of facial expressions of sadness, anger, and fear in male and female models showing these emotions. According to the fitness threat hypothesis, females should be faster and more accurate in recognising emotional facial expressions of fear and sadness, whereas males should be faster and more accurate in recognising anger. According to the evolutionary opponent’s emotion recognition, male observers should be more efficient in recognising emotions presented by male models, and female observers in recognising emotions presented by female models. The facial expression recognition task included 210 colour images from the Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces (KDEF) database. The sample consisted of university students (29 male and 29 female). Testing was conducted individually, and efficiency measured with accuracy and speed of recognition (reaction time). The results showed that females were faster than males in recognizing all three facial expressions. They were also more accurate in recognizing fear, whereas there were no gender differences in accurate recognition of sadness and anger. No significant interactions were found between model and observer gender on either measure (accuracy and speed of recognition). However, all three emotional expressions were recognised more accurately, but not faster, when the model was female. The gender-specific pattern in facial expression recognition found in this study does not completely corroborate the fitness threat hypothesis.

Objective The aim of this research was to define the knowledge, attitudes and risk taking behaviours of high school students from Western Herzegovina county, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Patients and methods This research involved 518 students in the age range from 16 to 19, from four different high schools. The questionnaire contained 28 items which referred to sociodemographic variables, knowledge about sexually transmitted infections and preventing them, sexual history, attitudes, behaviour, source of knowledge, and contraception methods being used. Results AIDS (99% girls and 95% boys) is the most recognized sexually transmitted disease, and venereal warts and hepatitis b are the least recognized sexually transmitted diseases (about 20% of the examinees). In our research 21% of girls and 61% of the examined boys were sexually active. 5% of girls and 12% of boys had their first sexual intercourse before they turned 14, 37% of girls and 47% began sexual activity at ages 14 - 17, and 44% of girls and 30% of boys were older than 17.75% of girls and 34% of boys had had only one sexual partner. 5% of girls and 13% boys had had sexual intercourse with more than 5 partners. Condoms were the most frequent contraception method (15% of girls and 10% of boys), followed by stopping intercourse before ejaculation (15% of girls and 10% boys). Conclusion Most of the examinees in this research are adequately informed about sexually transmitted diseases and about the risk group. The examinees obtain information about sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases mostly from newspaper and magazines, books, television and their parents. Boys are sexually more active then girls, have their first sexual experience at a younger age than girls and change more partners than girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]