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Mentalno zdravlje je stanje dobrobiti u kojem osoba uspješno ostvaruje vlastite potencijale, savladava svakodnevne stresore, uspješno i sposobno obavlja svoj posao te pridnosi zajednici. Mentalno zdravlje je pod utjecajem zaštitnih i rizičnih čimbenika, pri čemu blagdani za neke označavaju razdoblje sreće i zadovoljstva, dok za druge mogu izazvati tugu i razočarenje. Stope samoubojstava su izrazito visoke na Božić i Novu godinu, što upućuje na visoku razinu anksioznosti i depresivnosti kao i prisutnost stresora poput alkohola, sukoba, povećane potrošnje i lošijeg sna. Proslava rođendana može biti okidač za rizično ponašanje i počinjenje samoubojstva kod osoba s problemima mentalnog zdravlja, pri čemu je najveća stopa samoubojstava upravo na dan rođendana. Valentinovo je dan kada pojedine osobe osjećaju razočarenje i neuspjeh sobom ukoliko nisu u romantičnoj vezi, dok je kod nekih prisutno smanjeno zadovoljstvo vezom zbog neispunjenih očekivanja, što ponovno negativno utječe na mentalno zdravlje. Pandemija Covid-19 je onemogućila „normalnu“ proslavu simboličnih datuma u godini uz brojne restrikcije i strah građana, što se negativno odrazilo na njihovo psihičko zdravlje. Očuvanje mentalnog zdravlja je moguće kroz promicanje brige o mentalnoj higijeni, ali i suradnjom zdravstvenih ustanova i lokalne zajednice gdje socijalni radnici mogu osigurati radionice, susrete i druženja osoba koje imaju poteškoće mentalnog zdravlja., Mental health is a state of well-being in a which person successfully realizes his own potential, overcomes everyday stressors, performs his job successfully and competently, and contributes to the comunity. Mental health is influeced by protective and risk factors, with the holidays marking a time of happiness and contentment for some, while for others they can cause sadness and disappointment. Suicide rates are extremely high on Christmas and New Year, which indicates high levels of anxiety and depression as well as the presence of stressors such as alcohol, conflict, increased spending and poorer sleep. Celebrating birthdays can be a trigger for risky behavior and committing suicide in people with mental health problems, with the highest suicide rate occurring on birthdays. Valentine's Day is a day when some people feel disappointment and failure with themselves if they are not in a romantic relationship, while some have reduced relationship satisfaction due to unfulfilled expectations, which again negatively affects mental health. The Covid-19 pandemic made it impossible to celebrate the "normal" symbolic dates of the year with numerous restrictions and fear of citizens, which had a negative impact on their mental health. Preservation of mental health is possible through the promotion of care for mental hygiene, but also through the cooperation of health institutions and the local community, where social workers can provide workshops, meetings and gatherings of people who have mental health problems.

Ovaj rad govori o Svetkovini Svete Marije Bogorodice, koji se slavi na samom početku građanske Nove godine. Sama svetkovina vuče temelje još iz 6. stoljeća i upravo je ona najstarija Marijina svetkovina Rimskog obreda. Temelj joj je dogma koja je donesena na Efeškom saboru, o „Mariji Bogorodici“ (Theotokos). Kroz povijest sama se svetkovina izgubila, utjecajem drugih obreda, no II. Vatikanski sabor, reformom liturgijskog kalendara, vraća ju na njen povijesni datum – 1. siječnja. Iako je svetkovina bogata obilatim simboličkim govorom, danas je na neki način „zanemarena“ zbog modernizacije i sekularizacije današnjeg društva i fokusa na početku građanske Nove godine. This graduate thesis talks about the Solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, which is celebrated at the beginning of the civil New Year. The celebration itself dates back to the 6th century and is the oldest celebration of the Roman Rite of Mary. It is based on the dogma that was adopted at the Council of Ephesus, about "Mary the Mother of God" (Theotokos). Throughout history, the celebration itself has been lost, under the influence of other rites, but II. The Vatican Council, by reforming the liturgical calendar, returns it to its historic date - January 1. Although the celebratiom is rich in abundant symbolic speech, today it is in some way "neglected" due to the modernization and secularization of today's society and the focus at the beginning of the civil New Year.

Cilj ovoga rada je prikazati povod i cilj uvođenja novog jugoslavenskog kalendara te značenje koje imaju uvedene promjene. Jugoslavenski kalendar pokazao se uglavnom uspješnim načinom uvođenja i provođenja nove tradicije, posebno u javnom prostoru. Ona se ostvarivala ukidanjem svih vjerskih blagdana i naglašavanjem državnih i narodnih praznika čije se obilježavanje vezivalo za prošlost države. Umjesto vjerskih blagdana mjesta su zauzeli novostvoreni praznici čije je obilježavanje naglašavalo socijalističku politiku Jugoslavije. Kako je Nova godina postala glavni praznik zimskog ciklusa narodnih običaja tako su njezini dočeci bili slavljeni u velikom raspoloženju glazbe, plesa, dobre hrane i pića te kruga najdražih prijatelja i obitelji. Upravo je na ovakav način Nove godine slavio i jugoslavenski predsjednik Josip Broz Tito. Njegove redovite novogodišnje poruke sadržajno su bile poticajne i ispunjene optimizmom. Za one koji su Nove godine čekali u vlastitim domovima jedan od izvora zabave bio je televizijski program. Tisak je uvelike pratio kraj jedne i početak druge godine. The aim of this thesis is to show the reason and purpose of introducing a new Yugoslav calendar and the meaning of the changes introduced. Yugoslav calendar proved mainly to be mostly a successful way of introduction and implementation of new tradition, especially in the public space. Main characteristic of the new tradition was cancellation of all religious holidays and putting emphasis on state holidays that were closely related to history of the state. Dates of the religious holidays were taken by the new made holidays that further emphasized socialist politics of Yugoslavia. As New Year has become main holiday of winter cycle of folk tradition, it was celebrated in good spirit with music, dance, good food in the circle of family and friends. This is exact the way how New Year was celebrated by Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito. Content of his regular New Year messages were inspirational and optimistic at the same time. For those who have been waiting for New Year in their own homes, a source of entertainment has been also been the television. The press was following the end of one and the beginning of the other year.

Najstariji spomen koledanja javlja se na području Bugarske u 9. stoljeću, a pučki običaji koledanja kod Hrvata pojavljuju se već u dalekoj u prošlosti. Najstariji pisani tragovi kod Hrvata mogu se pronaći u 13. stoljeću unutar Statuta Dubrovačke Republike. Običaji kolendanja sačuvali su se sve do naših dana, pa tako i na otoku Korčuli. Riječ „koleda“ ima raznovrsna značenja, a prvenstveno označava skupno pjevanje muške djece, od dvanaest do trinaest godina, mladića te odraslih ljudi. Nerijetko označava i pjevanje mladića djevojci, a najčešće se povezuje s božićnim pjesmama, čestitanjima, obredima, darivanjima, Badnjim danom i Novom godinom. Također je važno istaknuti da je „koleda“ označavala i krijes koji se palio na Jurjevdan i Ivandan. Grupe koledara obično su pjevale cijelu noć obilazeći sve kuće u mjestu, a domaćini su ih najčešće častili suhim smokvama, narančama, rogačima, raznim slasticama, vinom i rakijom, a u novije vrijeme najčešće ih nagrađuju novcem. U ovom radu obrađen je pučki običaj koledanja na otoku Korčuli. S obzirom da je običaj koledanja na otoku bio popularan u svih devet župa, u radu je pokriveno područje Vela Luke, Blata, Smokvice i Korčule. U ostalim mjestima obično se javljaju varijacije na koledarske pjesme nabrojanih mjesta. Polazeći od stajališta o kontinuiranom postojanju tradicijskog usmenog pjesništva na području Korčule, ovim radom pokušat će se obraditi što veći broj prikupljenih podataka vezanih uz božićno koledanje., The oldest mentioning of carolling appears on the Bulgarian territory in the 9th century, whereas the tradition of carolling among Croatian folk dates from quite a distant history. The oldest written data in Croatia can be traced to 13th century, in the Statute of the Republic of Dubrovnik. Carolling tradition has been preserved to the present day, and the island of Korčula is no exception. The word “koleda” (carol) bears a heavy semantic burden; however, it primarily means choir singing, the choir consisting of either boys aged twelve to thirteen, young or adult men. It also frequently refers to singing of a boy to a girl, but the most common meaning is associated with Christmas carols, wellwishing, religious rituals, gift exchange, Christmas Eve, and the New Year. It is also important to emphasize that “koleda” used to denote the bonfire lit to celebrate Saint George and Saint John. Groups of carollers usually sang the whole night, and were most frequently offered dried figs, oranges, carob, and all sorts of homemade sweets, wine and spirit by the local hosts. Nowadays they are most commonly offered money. This paper deals with the folk tradition of carolling on the island of Korčula. Since this tradition has been popular to the present day in all nine parishes of the island, the data in this paper cover the areas of Vela Luka, Blato, Smokvica and Korčula. Other towns usually have the variations of the carols of the afore-mentioned locations. Taking a continuous existence of traditional oral poetry on the territory of the island of Korčula as a starting point, this paper will try to grasp the data associated with Christmas carolling in this area to the greatest extent possible.

U radu se iznosi važnost obilježavanja Božića i Nove godine u podučavanju engleskog jezika u nižim razredima osnovne škole. Obilježavanje blagdana je dobar način uvođenja stranog jezika u ranoj dobi. Kao učitelje jezika mora nas zanimati podučavanje kulture kao jedan neizostavni dio ranog učenja engleskog jezika. Božić i Novu godinu kao dva najuobičajenija blagdana trebalo bi podučavati u svim razredima, počevši njihovim uvođenjem (u prvom razredu), te ponavljanjem njihovih elemenata naučenih godinu ranije (u drugom, trećem i četvrtom razredu). Njihovim obilježavanjem učitelj potiče učenike da usvoje i nauče strani jezik s lakoćom i užitkom., The article deals with celebrating Christmas and New Year in English teaching in junior classes of elementary school. Celebrating holidays is a good way of introducing a foreign language to young learners. As teachers we must be interested in teaching culture as an indispensable part of early English language teaching. Christmas and New Year are the two most common holidays and they should be taught in all grades beginning with their introduction (in the first grade) and then repeating their elements learned the year before (second, third and fourth grade). By celebrating them the teacher stimulates learners to acquire and learn a foreign language with ease and great fun.