Search

Istraživanje ovog rada provedeno je kako bi utvrdili utjecaj prihrane mikrokapsulama s cinkom na agronomska i morfološka svojstva predivog lana. Pokus je postavljen na Pokušalištu Agronomskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, lokacija Maksimir, tijekom 2020. godine. Korištena je metoda slučajnog bloknog rasporeda u četiri ponavljanja i pet različitih varijanti. Posijana je sorta lana Agatha, a varijante su strukturirane na ovaj način: varijanta 1- kontrola bez dodatka mikrokapsula, varijanta 2- mikrokaspule s 0,25 mol/L Zn, varijanta 3- mikrokaspule 0,25 mol/L Zn i 1% kitozana, varijanta 4- mikrokapsule 0,5 mol/L Zn i varijanta 5- mikrokapsule 0,5 mol/L Zn i 1% kitozana. Na osnovi provedene analize varijance nisu utvrđene signifikantne razlike između istraživanih svojstava varijanata. Najveći prinos stabljike prije i nakon močenja te najveći prinos ukupnog i dugog vlakna ostvaren je kod varijante 2. prihranjene s 0,25 mol/l Zn. The research of this work was carried out in order to determine the influence of supplementation with microcapsules with zinc on the agronomic and morphological properties of fiber flax. The experiment was set up at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb, location Maksimir, during 2020. The experiment was set up according to the RCBD in four replications and five different variants. The fiber flax variety Agatha was sown, and the variants were structured in this way: variant 1- control without the addition of microcapsules, variant 2- microcapsules with 0.25 mol/L Zn, variant 3- microcapsules 0.25 mol/L Zn and 1% chitosan, variant 4- microcapsules 0.5 mol/l Zn and variant 5- microcapsules 0.5 mol/L Zn and 1% chitosan. Based on the analysis of variance, no significant differences were found between the investigated properties. The highest stem yield before and after reting and the highest yield of total and long fiber was achieved in the variant 2 supplemented with 0.25 mol/l Zn.

Kopriva (Urtica dioica L.) je višegodišnja samonikla vrsta, koja se ubrana u fazi prije cvatnje upotrebljava kao nutritivno vrijedna namirnica. Zbog brojnih prednosti u odnosu na samonikli biljni materijal, kopriva se sve češće kultivira. Klasični uzgoj na otvorenom postaje sve zahtjevniji zbog klimatskih promjena i zahtjeva tržišta kroz godine. Suvremene hidroponske tehnike bez tla, poput plutajućeg hidropona primjenjuju se kao alternativni način uzgoja. Prednosti ove metode uzgoja su brojne, poput mogućnosti cjelogodišnjeg uzgoja, kontrole abiotskih čimbenika te većeg prinosa. U ovom diplomskom radu proučavao se utjecaj dviju hranivih otopina različitog sastava (Jensen i Cooper) na prinos i mineralni sastav koprive uzgajane u plutajućem hidroponu tijekom višekratnih košnji. Za morfološka (dimenzije listova) i kemijska svojstva (suha tvar, nitrati, fosfor, magnezij) otopina pripremljena prema Jensenovoj recepturi pokazala se boljom u odnosu na otopinu pripremljenu prema Cooperu s većom koncentracijom soli. Bez obzira na sastav otopine, nakon druge košnje izmjerena je veća visina biljaka te prinos, kao i veća količina suhe tvari, nitrata, kalija, magnezija i željeza. Kombinacija Jensen otopine i 2. roka košnje rezultirala je višim vrijednostima većine svojstava te se može preporučiti u hidroponskom uzgoju koprive za dobivanje herbe boljih morfoloških svojstava te nutritivno bogatijeg finalnog proizvoda. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) is a perennial wild species, which harvested before flowering, is used as a nutritionally valuable food. Due to numerous advantages compared to wild plant material, stinging nettle is increasingly cultivated. Traditional open filed cultivation is becoming more challenging over the years due to climate changes and market demand. Modern hydroponic techniques without soil, such as floating hydroponics, are used as an alternative cultivation method. The advantages of this cultivation method are numerous, such as the possibility of year-round cultivation, control of abiotic factors, and higher yield. In this master thesis, the influence of two nutrient solutions of different composition (Jensen and Cooper) on the yield and mineral composition of nettle grown in floating hydroponics under repeated harvest was studied. For morphological (leaf properties) and chemical properties (dry matter, nitrate content, phosphorus, magnesium), the solution prepared according to Jensen's recipe proved to be better than the solution prepared according to Cooper with a higher salt concentration. Regardless of solution composition, higher plant height and yield were measured after the second harvest, as well as higher content of dry matter, nitrate, potassium, magnesium, and iron. The combination of the Jensen solution and the second harvest resulted in with higher values of most traits and can be recommended for hydroponic nettle cultivation to obtain herbs with better morphological properties and a high nutritive final product.

Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom vegetacije kukuruza 2019. godine na površinama pokušališta Fakulteta agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek (45.51'79'' sjeverne geografske širine, 18.77'83'' južne geografske širine). Sjetva je obavljena 18. travnja 2019. godine pneumatskom šestorednom sijačicom na međuredni razmak od 70 cm. Uzgajano je ukupno šest hibrida kukuruza različite FAO skupine Bc instituta iz Zagreba (FAO 330 - BC 323, FAO 390 - Agram, FAO 410 - Tesla, FAO 450 - BC 415, FAO 490 - Instruktor i FAO 570 – Majstor). Prema preporuci proizvođača sjemena sklop je iznosio 78 000 biljaka po hektaru za hibride FAO grupe 300, 74 000 biljaka po hektaru za FAO grupe 400 i 70 000 biljaka po hektaru za FAO grupe 500. Poljski pokus je postavljen u 3 ponavljanja pri čemu je površina osnovne parcele iznosila 10 m2, odnosno sastojala se od dva reda kukuruza duţine 14,3 m. Godina je bila iznimno povoljna što se tiče oborina i temperature zraka. U 2019. od IV. do IX. mjeseca tijekom vegetacije kukuruza palo je 502 mm oborina što je u odnosu na višegodišnje prosječne vrijednosti 1961.-1991. povećanje oborina za 36%. Što se tiče prosječnih vrijednosti temperature zraka u 2019. godini iznosila je u vegetacijskom razdoblju od IV. do IX. mjeseca 19,5 ˚C što je povećanje od 11% u odnosu na višegodišnje prosječne vrijednosti 1961.-1991. S obzirom na gotovo idealne uvijete za rast i razvoj kukuruza postignuti su iznimno visoki prosječni prinosi od 15,9 t/ha. Najveće prinose ostvarili su hibridi Majstor (18,3 t/ha) uz postignutu vlagu od 14,8 % i Agram (17,4 t/ha) uz postignutu vlagu 13,7 %, a najniţi prosječni prinos ostvarili su hibridi Tesla (14,3 t/ha) uz prosječnu vlagu od 13,9 % i hibrid BC 323 (14,4 t/ha) uz prosječnu vlagu 13,1 %. Svi ostali analizirani parametri su bili statistički značajni osim visine stabljike i vlage zrna., The research was conducted during the maize vegetation in 2019 on the demonstrational-educational fields of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek (45.51'79 '' north latitude, 18.77'83 '' south latitude). Sowing was done on April 18, 2019 with a pneumatic six-row seed drill at a row spacing of 70 cm. A total of six maize hybrids from different FAO groups of the Bc Institute from Zagreb were grown (FAO 330 - BC 323, FAO 390 - Agram, FAO 410 - Tesla, FAO 450 - BC 415, FAO 490 - Instruktor and FAO 570 - Majstor). According to the seed manufacturer’s recommendation, there was 78,000 plants per hectare for FAO Group 300 hybrids, 74,000 plants per hectare for FAO Group 400 and 70,000 plants per hectare for FAO Group 500. The field experiment was set up in 3 repetitions where the area of the basic plot was 10 m2 and consisted of two rows of maize with a length of 14.3 m. The year was extremely favorable in terms of precipitation and air temperature. During maize vegetation, a total of 502 mm of precipitation fell, which is compared to the long term average of 1961-1991 increase by 36%. As for the average values of air temperature in 2019, in the vegetation period from April until September was 19.5˚C, which is an increase of 11% compared to long term average values. Given the almost ideal conditions for the growth and development of maize, extremely high average yields of 15.9 t/ha were achieved. The highest yields were achieved by Majstor hybrids (18.3 t / ha) with a moisture content of 14.8% and Agram (17.4 t / ha) with a moisture content of 13.7%, and the lowest average yield was achieved by Tesla hybrids (14 , 3 t / ha) with an average humidity of 13.9% and a hybrid BC 323 (14.4 t / ha) with an average moisture of 13.1%. All other analyzed parameters were statistically significant except for stem height and grain moisture.

Istraživanje utjecaja tretmana navodnjavanja s različitim sadržajem soli na morfološka svojstva Vinke (Catharanthus roseus L.) provedeno je tijekom razdoblja vegetacije vinke 2020. godine u Orahovici u zaštićenom prostoru (plastenik). Cilj istraživanja bio je proučiti utjecaj tretmana navodnjavanja s različitim sadržajem soli na promatrana svojstva te izgled biljke (cvjetova) jednake sorte i jednake boje kako bi promijene bile jasno vidljive. Vinke su uzgojene iz presadnica koje su nabavljene na lokalnoj tržnici. Presadnice su presađene u PVC posude u kojima je korišten univerzalni supstrat za uzgoj lončanica, komercijalni supstrat marke SUSBSTRAL Terra Osmocote prooizvođača Evergreen Garden Care, Varšava. Pokus je postavljen po slučajnom blok rasporedu u pet ponavljanja. Posude su bile položene u plastične kontejnere za presadnice kako bi svaka posuda dobila jednaku količinu vode za navodnjavanje odnosno obroka navodnjavanja. Posađeno je pet biljaka po tretmanu navodnjavanja, odnosno sveukupno 100 biljaka (5 biljaka x 4 tretmana x 5 ponavljanja). Biljke su navodnjavanje ručno tako da je svaka biljka, odnosno posuda dobila jednaku količinu vode. U istraživanju su korišteni slijedeći tretmani: s0 = kontrolni tretman (voda iz lokalne vodoopskrbne mreže, The research was conducted in greenhouse during vinca growing season (Orahovica, 2020). The goal of the research was to study the effect of irrigation with different amount of salts (s0 = control (tap water), s1 = 3 dS m–1, s2 = 4,5 dS m–1, s3 = 6 dS m–1) on following morphological characteristics: plant height (cm), root length (cm), plant fresh weight (g), number of brunches/plant. Vinca was grown from the transplants from the local market. The transplants were transplanted into containers filed with substrate (commercial substrate, SUBSTRAL Terra osmocote by the producer Evergreen Garden Care, Warsaw). The experiment was conducted as completely randomised block design in five replicates. Flower containers were placed on trays, so that each container would get the same amount of irrigation water. Five plants were planted per irrigation treatment, all together 100 plants (5 plants x 4 treatments x 5 replicates). The plants were irrigated by hand so that each plant, container, would receive the same amount of water. According to study results, the s1 irrigation treatment (3 dS m–1) did not significantly affect the plant height, root length and plant fresh weight. The number of brunches/plant was higher for 16% higher than control yet not statistically significant. The higher salt concentrations, above 3 dS m–1, significantly reduced the plant height, root length, number of branches/plant and fresh weight in comparison with the control (s0) and s1 treatment. It is important to emphasize that the higher salt concentration caused damages of plant tissue.

Bamija (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) je suptropska povrtna kultura, koja se ljeti uspješno može uzgajati u uvjetima kontinentalne Hrvatske. Kao povrde konzumiraju se mladi plodovi koji se beru svakih 3 do 5 dana. Iako se radi o nutritivno visokovrijednoj te ljekovitoj namirnici bamija se rijetko uzgaja u Republici Hrvatskoj te postoji vrlo malo istraživanja vezanih uz sortiment i tehnologiju uzgoja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj različitih genotipa te gnojidbenih tretmana na osnovna morfološka svojstva, prinos i količinu vitamina C mladih plodova bamije. Gnojidba je uključivala tretman komercijalnim 'Siforga' gnojivom, biljnim tradicionalnim preparatima na bazi koprive i gaveza, mineralnim gnojivom NPK formulacije 7-20-30 te kontrolnu varijantu bez primjene gnojiva. Različiti genotip predstavljale su 3 populacije prikupljene na 2 lokacije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Interakcijama tih dvaju faktora nastojao se utvrditi utjecaj na morfološka svojstva bamije (mase, dužine i širine ploda, broj plodova po biljci), tržni prinos i udio ne tržnih plodova te sadržaj vitamina C u plodu. Najmanje pogodna populacija za uzgoj se ispostavila populacija 3 zbog slabog prinosa i manje količine vitamina C, dok populacija 2 pokazuje najbolje karakteristike za uzgoj (broj plodova po biljci, sadržaj vitamina C i tržni prinos ploda). The okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is a subtropical vegetable crop that can be grown in continental Croatia. This vegetables is consumed se young fruits that are harvested every 3 to 5 days. Although it si nutritionally high in value and has a lot of medicinal properties, it is rarely cultivated in the Republic of Croatia and there are not so many research on assortment and cultivation technology. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of different genotypes and fertilizer treatments on the basic morphological characteristics, yields and amount of vitamin C of young okra fruits. Fertilizers included commercial 'Siforga' fertilizer, traditional based plant preparations made from nettle and comfrey, followed by NPK 7-20-30 mineral fertilizer and control variant without fertilizer application. The different genotype represents three population groups collected at 2 sites in the Republic of Croatia. The interactions of these two factors seek to determine the influence on the morphological characteristics of the okra (mass of fruits, length and width of the fruit, number of fruits per plant), market yields and the proportion of non-marketable fruits with the amount of vitamin C in the fruit. The least suitable breeding population turned out to be population 3 due to poor yield and small amounts of vitamin C, while population 2 has the best breeding characteristics (number of fruits per plant, amount of vitamin C and marketable yield of the fruit).

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj mikorize na razvoj francuske kadifice u uvjetima vodnog stresa. Mikoriznom gljivom Glomus spp. inokulirana je polovica biljaka (Tagetes patula L.) u provedenom istraživanju, dok je kao kontrola služila druga polovica biljaka. Primijenile su se dvije varijante navodnjavanja, a biljke su bile izložene vodnom stresu dva tjedna nakon presađivanja presadnica. Mjerena su morfološka svojstva, visina i promjer biljke te broj pupova, broj otvorenih cvjetova i širina cvjetova. Zapažanja tijekom istraživanja, uključujući ocjenu razvijenosti korijenovog sustava, provedena su vizualnim pregledom. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da primjenom biološkog mikoriziranog preparata 'Mycogel' nije došlo do značajnijeg poboljšanja morfoloških svojstava na mjerenim biljkama, ali je utvrđena bolja razvijenost korijenovog sustava kod inokuliranih biljaka. Zapažanje tijekom istraživanja pokazalo je da mikoriza povećava tolerantnost biljke na vodni stres. Zaključno može se reći da mikoriza ima iznimno velik primjenjivi potencijal u poljoprivredi, ali potrebno je provesti daljnja istraživanja kako bi se mogle ustanoviti interakcije između gljive i korijena biljke domaćina. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of mycorrhiza on Tagetes patula L. One half of the plants (Tagetes patula L.) in the experiment was inoculated by mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp., the other half served as a control group. Two versions of irrigation were applied, the plants were exposed to water deficiency two weeks after replanting of the seedlings. Morphological properties were measured, hight an width of the plants as well as the number of buds, open flowers and the width of the flowers. Observations were conducted by visual inspection, including the assessment of the root system development. Results demonstrate that the application of the biological mychorrized preparation 'Mycogel'did not cause a significant improvement in the morphological properties of the plants measured, however, a better development of the root system was observed in the inoculated plants. Observations during the experiment show that the mycorrhiza improves plants' tolerance to water deficiency. Mycorrhiza has a potential for application in agriculture, however, further research is required to decribe in more detail the interaction between the fungi and the roots of the host plant.

Pravi pir se smatra jednom od najstarijih žitarica. Nutritivno je vrijedna žitarica zahvaljujući sadržaju proteina, ugljikohidrata, masti, vitamina i minerala. Pir sadrži prehrambena vlakna, nezasićene masne kiseline i esencijalne aminokiseline koje su važne za održavanje i unaprjeđenje zdravlja. Ostaci pira iz proizvodnje mogu se koristiti za dobivanje energije koja predstavlja manju opasnost za okoliš. Prema zahtjevima za uzgoj pir nije zahtjevna žitarica i veoma je prilagodljiva. Kako bi se dobile sorte sa što boljim svojstvima pristupilo se tehnikama oplemenjivanja. Bc Institut je stvorio kultivar ozimog pravog pira Bc Vigor. Tijekom priznavanja sorti provode se ispitivanja kojima se određuje kvaliteta. Neki od parametara koji se analiziraju uključuju hektolitarsku masa, masu 1000 zrna, maseni udjel proteina, maseni udjel pepela, broj padanja, određivanje reoloških svojstava. Zadatak ovog rada bio je opisati morfološka i tehnološka svojstva ozimog pravog pira Bc Vigor. Spelt is considered one of the oldest cereals. It is nutritionally valuable grain due to its protein, carbohydrate, fat, vitamin and mineral content. Spelt contains dietary fiber, unsaturated fatty acids and essential amino acids that are important for maintaining and promoting health. By-products from production can be used to generate energy that is less dangerous for the environment. According to the breeding requirements, spelt is not a very demanding grain and is highly adaptable. Breeding techniques were used to obtain varieties with better properties. The Bc Institute has created the winter spelt cultivar Bc Vigor. During the recognition of varieties, tests are carried out to determine quality. Some of the parameters which are analysed include hectolitre mass, mass 1000 grains, protein content, ash content, falling number, determination of rheological properties. The aim of this undergraduate thesis was to describe the morphological and technological properties of the winter spelt cultivar Bc Vigor.

Fitoremedijacija je uspješna tehnologija koja iskorištava biljke za pročišćavanje tla, ekološki je prihvatljiva, potencijalno jeftina, vizualno nenametljiva i nudi mogućnost bioobnove tla onečišćenog teškim metalima. Potencijal upotrebe drveća kao prikladne biljne vrste za fitoremedijaciju tla zagađenim teškim metalima privlači veliku pozornost zadnjih desetljeća upravo zbog svojstava kao što su brzi rast, velika biomasa, dubok korijenski sustav te jeftin uzgoj. U ovom radu ispitani su fitoekstrakcijski potencijal i morfološke značajke jablana (Populus nigra var. Italica) kao odgovor biljke na stres uzrokovan akumulacijom različitih koncentracija kadmija. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da ispitivani jablan (Populus nigra var. Italica) može biti razmatran kao vrsta s fitoekstrakcijskim potencijalom za čišćenje tala onečišćenih kadmijem., Phytoremediation is considered the new technology that uses plant for soil purification. It is economically acceptable, inexpensive and aesthetically acceptable and gives the opportunity to remediate heavy metals from contaminated soils. The potential use of trees in the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals has been recognized in the past decades because of trees properties: fast growth, huge biomass, deep root system and cheap cultivation. In this study the phytoextraction potential and morphological properties of poplar (Populus nigra var. Italica) in response to plant stress caused by the accumulation different concentration of cadmium was investigated. Results indicate that the tested poplar (Populus nigra var. Italica) can be considered as a species with fitoextraction potential for the soil polluted with cadmium.