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Kemijske se veze, kao imaginarni koncepti, mogu objašnjavati na različitim razinama složenosti. Prateći slijed od pojednostavljenih modela s nižih razina obrazovanja, preko znanstveno utemeljenih koncepata koji se uvode u srednjoškolskom obrazovanju pa sve do složenih kvantno-mehaničkih teorija s preddiplomske i diplomske razine, znanje o kemijskim vezama se kontinuirano restrukturira i nadograđuje. U takvom sustavu apstraktnih koncepata, ograničenih pravila i raznovrsnih modela, raznolikost stečenih (alternativnih) predodžbi uvriježena je pojava. Vođeni spoznajom o dihotomnom pogledu učenika i studenata na kemijske veze (Taber, 2002), odlučili smo steći dublje spoznaje o razumijevanju ionske veze. Istražili smo izgrađenost elektrostatskog (znanstvenog) i molekularnog (alternativnog) koncepta ionskog vezivanja u populaciji studenata preddiplomskih i diplomskih studija prirodoslovnomatematičkih fakulteta u RH. Posebnu smo pažnju posvetili potonjem. Podatke smo prikupili dijagnostičkim instrumentom s 20 tvrdnji (Taber, 2012). Kod dijela studenata su identificirane alternativne ideje o ionskim vezama. Iako su oni s diplomskih studija uspješniji, razlike u odnosu na studente s preddiplomske razine nisu značajne., Chemical bonding, as imaginary concepts, can be explained on different complexity levels. Following the sequence of simplified models from lower levels of education, through science-based concepts that are introduced in secondary education up to complex quantum-mechanical theory to undergraduate and graduate levels, knowledge of chemical bonding are continually restructured and upgrades. In such system of abstract concepts, rules and limited variety of models, alternative conceptions are ingrained phenomenon. Guided by knowledge of the dichotomous views of pupils and students on chemical bonding (Taber, 2002), we decided to acquire a deeper knowledge of understanding ion bonding. We investigated construction: electrostatic (scientific) and molecular (alternative) concept of ionic bonding in students population of undergraduate and graduate studies of Faculty of science in Croatia. We have taken a diagnostic instrument with 20 items (Taber, 2012) and strengthened by the addition of self-assessment of safety in the results. At some students we identified alternative ideas about ionic bonding. Although graduate students were more successful, differences compared to undergraduate level students, as a rule, are not significant. Certain alternative thinking elements are strongly related to students from specific institutions.

Prikazana je povijest kemije u Republici Hrvatskoj u zadnjem desetljeću XX. stoljeća. To je desetljeće obilježila borba za neovisnošću, koju je karakterizirala do 1995. obrana domovine oružjem, a od 1995. do kraja stoljeća izgradnja institucija neovisne države. Naravno da znanstvenici nisu mogli ostati po strani, pa su neki uzeli oružje u ruke, a drugi širili svijetom istinu o Domovinskome ratu. Zato se malo događalo na znanstvenome planu, ali se doga?alo. Razmatrana je djelatnost kemičara na Prirodoslovno-matematičkome fakultetu, Institutu Rugjer Bošković i drugdje na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu. Prikazana je transformacija kemijsko-tehnološkoga studija u Fakultet kemijskoga inženjerstva i tehnologije. Članak se nastavlja na naše prethodne: Hrvatska kemija u XIX. stoljeću (Kem. Ind. 55 (2006) 333-339), Hrvatska kemija u XX. stoljeću. I. Razdoblje od početka stoljeća do 8. svibnja 1945. (Kem. Ind. 56 (2007) 403-416) i Hrvatska kemija u XX. stoljeću. II. Razdoblje od sloma Nezavisne Države Hrvatske 8. svibnja 1945. do uspostave Republike Hrvatske 25. lipnja 1991. (Kem. Ind 58 (2009) 315-336) i Hrvatska kemija u XX. stoljeću. IV. Hrvatski kemijski časopisi (Kem. ind. 57 (2008) 447-448., In this last part of our attempt to present briefly the history of Croatian chemistry in the 20th century, the development of chemistry in the Republic of Croatia, established as an independent state on June 25th, 1991 is outlined. The last 10 years of the 20th century are characterized first by defense of the country by arms until 1995, and then until the end of century, and after the constructive building of the foundations of Croatia. In these turbulent times, scientists could not be just bystanders. Thus, some went to defend the country by arms and others (perhaps older) kept informing colleagues all around the globe about our defense of the homeland. This was the reason why scientific research in Croatia showed very limited results. This article briefly describes research in chemistry at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, the Rugjer Bošković Institute, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agronomy and Faculty of Forestry. This article logically follows our previous two articles on the history of Croatian chemistry in 20th century: N. Trinajstić, S. Paušek-Baždar, Croatian Chemistry in the 20th Century. I. From the turn of the Century to May 8th, 1945 (Kem. Ind. 56 (2007) 403–416) and N. Trinajstić, M. Kaštelan-Macan, S. Paušek-Baždar, H. Vančik, Croatian Chemistry in the 20th Century. II. From the Colapse of the Independent State of Croatia to the Establishmernt of the Republic of Croatia, (Kem. Ind. 58 (2009) 315–336). It is also related to our article on the history of Croatian chemistry in 19th century: S. Paušek-Baždar, N. Trinajstić, Croatian Chemistry in the 19th Century (Kem. Ind. 55 (2006) 333–339) and our survey of the Croatian chemical journals: N. Trinajstić, N. Raos, S. Paušek-Baždar, D. Škare, Croatian Chemistry in 20th Century. IV. Croatian Chemical Journals(Kem. Ind. 57 (2008) 447–448).