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2 results on '"EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS"'

1. Održivost uporabe ninskog peloida za primjenu u peloterapiji.

Author

Vadlja, Denis, Rezić, Tonči, and Starčević, Antonio

Subjects
*SEAWATER, *MINERAL waters, *FRESH water, *EXTREME environments, *METABOLITES, *PLATELET-rich plasma
Abstract

From an evolutionary point of view, scientific evidence suggests that life arose in the forerunners of aquatic ecosystems as accumulations of warm mud rich in nutrients and minerals. These types of mud, also called peloids, are formed by the accumulation of organic substances and their mixing with inorganic substances from clay. Mixing is accelerated by fresh and sea water rich in minerals. Peloid deposits are often shallow and closed lagoons, constantly exposed to high UV radiation, salt concentration and temperature, in fact extreme environments for the life of numerous microorganisms. Microorganisms use minerals from the environment, break down organic substances, i.e., the remains of plants and other macroand micro-organisms, and when adapting to environmental conditions, they synthesize a wide range of primary and secondary metabolites with the goal of survival and adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. The metabolites synthesized in this way have numerous and diverse effects, but find their potential application in the biotechnological, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Despite two millennia of proven use for healing and medical purposes and strong tourism and media promotion, a small number of scientists research the healing properties and benefits of the therapy of Nin mud on the human body. Scientific research of Nin mud, together with the creation of a rational and sustainable plan for the use of Nin mud as a natural resource, could be the basis for the potential commercialization of the site and its application in the medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Analysis of metagenomes in extreme environments

Author

Roller Milošević, Maša and Vlahoviček, Kristian

Subjects
metagenomics, PRIRODNE ZNANOSTI. Biologija, nejednakost u korištenju kodona, ekstremni okoliši, codon usage bias, metagenomika, NATURAL SCIENCES. Biology, extreme environments
Abstract

Samo je malen broj bakterija prisutnih u biosferi moguće uzgojiti u laboratorijskim uvjetima, i stoga sve veća količina znanja o raznolikosti genoma prokariota dolaze iz direktne analize DNA iz okoliša pomoću visokoprotočnih metoda skupnog naziva Metagenomika. Metagenomom se naziva skup svih gena nekog mikrobnog okoliša. Poznato je da prokariotski genomi pokazuju značajnu nejednakost u korištenju sinonimnih kodona (CUB) (prema eng. codon usage bias). CUB je izravno povezan s razinom ekspresije gena stoga što su kodoni koje koriste visokoeksprimirani geni komplementarni s najrasprostranjenijim tRNA u organizmu. Dakle, CUB gena se može povezati s razinom ekspresije gena kroz translacijsku optimizaciju. Analizom različitih metagenomskih uzoraka pokazali smo da je moguće primijetiti nejednako iskorištenje kodona unutar pojedinog mikrobnog okoliša, kao i da je takvo svojstvo moguće iskoristiti za predviđanje razine ekspresije gena na razini cjelokupnog mikrobnog ekosustava. Primjena ovog pristupa omogućuje istraživanje genske adaptacije mikrobnih organizama na okoliš. Not all prokaryotes are amenable to cultivation in laboratory conditions, and increasing amounts of knowledge about microbial diversity is gained from direct sampling of DNA from environments. A rapidly developing field that studies whole microbial communities is metagenomics, the culture‐independent genomic study of organisms extracted directly from an ecological niche. Prokaryotic genomes show strong codon usage bias (CUB). CUB is directly correlated with expression levels of genes because codons used by genes expressed at high levels are encoded for by the most abundant tRNAs. Therefore, the CUB of a gene can be linked to its expression level through translational optimization. We show that metagenomes, much like genomes, also show CUB and that this phenomenon can be used to predict the expression level of genes at the level of the entire microbial community. We analyzed adaptation of organisms in metagenomes to their extreme environments through this approach.

Published
2009

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