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Rješavanje problema često predstavlja situaciju u kojoj su postavljeni preveliki zahtjevi na resurse radnog pamćenja. U situaciji rješavanja novih kompleksnih problema broj problemskih elemenata koji se trebaju simultano procesirati i njihova interaktivnost mogu nadići raspoloživi kapacitet radnog pamćenja. S obzirom na to da doprinosi smanjenju kognitivnog opterećenja, eksterna reprezentacija može značajno pridonijeti efikasnijem rješavanju problema. Cilj je našeg istraživanja bio ispitati efekte eksterne reprezentacije na uspješnost rješavanja i kognitivno opterećenje problema "hanojskih tornjeva". U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 studenata Odsjeka za psihologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu. Sudionici su rješavali tri izomorfne varijante problema "hanojskih tornjeva", preuzete iz istraživanja Zhanga i Normana (1994). Različitim je varijantama problema variran broj eksternih pravila njegova rješavanja. Kognitivno je opterećenje utvrđeno Upitnikom kognitivnog opterećenja (Paas, 1992).Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na to da se efikasnost rješavanja problema povećava s brojem eksterno reprezentiranih pravila, što je u skladu s rezultatima dobivenim u istraživanju Zhanga i Normana (1994). Nadalje, utvrđeno je da eksterna pravila pridonose smanjenju procjene uloženog mentalnog napora i povećanju razumijevanja problema. Procjena je težine problema bila podjednaka za sve tri varijante problema.Rezultati našeg istraživanja potvrđuju nalaze prethodnih istraživanja da korištenje eksternih reprezentacija pridonosi efikasnijem rješavanju kompleksnih problema. Također, eksterna reprezentacija smanjuje subjektivni doživljaj kognitivnog opterećenja. Međutim, generičke strategije izazivaju visoko kognitivno opterećenje per se, što uvjetuje visok doživljaj težine problema, bez obzira na objektivnu težinu problema.

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Problem-solving often represents a highly demanding situation for working memory recourses. When dealing with new and complex problems, the number and interactivity of problem elements which could be processed simultaneously could exceed the available capacity of the working memory. External representation could significantly increase the effectiveness of problem-solving because they reduce the cognitive load. Our study was conducted with the aim to investigate the effects of external representation on solving success and cognitive load of Tower of Hanoi problems. The participants were 30 students of Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo. The participants solved three isomorphic variants of Tower of Hanoi problem taken from the Zhang and Norman (1994) study. With different variant, the number of external rules varied. Cognitive load was measured with the Questionnaire of cognitive load (Paas, 1992). The results obtained in our research show that the efficiency of problem-solving increases with the number of external rules. This result is in accordance with results obtained in the Zhang and Norman (1994) study. External rules decrease subjective estimate of mental effort and increase the understanding of the problem. There are no differences in estimation of the difficulty of problems. Results of our study confirm the findings of the previous study that the external representations contribute to effective problem-solving of the complex problem. In addition, external representations reduce cognitive load. Generic strategies impose a high cognitive load per se, which cause high estimate of problem difficulty, regardless of the objective difficulty of a problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]