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During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995, the special library of the Oriental Institute was destroyed. A significant contribution in the process of restoration and replenishment of the library fund in the post-war period was made by the Hamid Hadžibegić’s personal library, which arrived as a gift at the Oriental Institute in 2001. The library has over 1,000 publications that belonged to this established scientist and researcher of the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose basic research had a strong influence in the scientific universe of Ottoman history researchers. This paper presents the dedications of colleagues and friends in his books and journals as cultural reminders and documentary records that, with their structure, text, dating and signature, represent a source of significant information about the life and work of this scientist.

Plant essential oils have antimicrobial properties that are widely used in food preservation and aromatherapy and also have various medicinal uses. The way essential oil will affect the microorganisms widely depends on the type of microorganism and the type of oil used. Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to essential oil antimicrobial traits than gram-negative bacteria. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) essential oil has a wide range of antimicrobial applications; this oil is recommended for potential health benefits because of its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial potential of the ragweed essential oils against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella spp. The antimicrobial effect of the oil was examined using a diffusion method test. Before the experiment, the inhibition zone of bacterial growth was determined using the antibiotic gentamicin. The results of the study confirmed the antimicrobial effect of ragweed oil on the growth of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth, while this oil had negligible effect on Escherichia coli growth. Moderate susceptibility of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis and resistance of E. coli was observed after ragweed treatment compared to the standard inhibition zone values proposed by EUCAST. This research confirms the potential application of ragweed essential oil in the inhibition of Salmonella spp. and Bacillus subtilis growth.

Biljna esencijalna ulja imaju antimikrobne karakteristike, zbog čega su ulja našla svoju primenu i široko su zastupljena u očuvanju hrane i aromaterapiji, ali svoju primjenu nalaze i u medicini. Utjecaj esencijalnog ulja na mikroorganizme ovisi o tipu mikroorganizama i tipu ulja. Gram-pozitivne bakterije su osjetljivije na antimikrobno djelovanje ulja u usporedbi sa Gram-negativnim bakterijama. Esencijalno ulje ambrozije (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) ima širok spektar antimikrobnih aplikacija pa se njegova primjena preporučuje zbog potencijalnog pozitivnog učinka na zdravlje, odnosno antioksidativne aktivnosti. Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitati antibakterijski potencijal esencijalnog ulja ambrozije na rast bakterija Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis i Salmonella spp. Antimikrobni učinak ulja je ispitan difuzijskom metodom. Prije eksperimenta, zona inhibicije bakterijskog rasta je određena primjenom antibiotika gentamicina. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju antimikrobni učinak ulja ambrozije na rast bakterija Salmonella spp. i Bacillus subtilis, dok je na rast bakterije Escherichia coli utjecaj ulja bio neznatan. Usporedbom sa standardnim vrijednostima zone inhibicije preporučenim od EUCAST-a, utvrđena je osrednja osjetljivost bakterija Salmonella spp. i Bacillus subtilis i otpornost bakterije E. coli nakon tretmana uljem ambrozije. Ova istraživanja potvrđuju potencijal aplikacije esencijalnog ulja ambrozije u cilju inhibicije rasta bakterija Salmonella spp. i Bacillus subtilis.

The digital media ecosystem, in which weakened professional journalism is facing a growing numberof right-wing media platforms and an increasing role of social media in public communications, is afertile ground for the development of populism, which neoliberal policies and media mediatization havepaved the way for. The commercial media logic, in the case of Donald Trump, proved to be a weak pointof the American media system because the public interest was left behind the interests of mediaorganizations whose primary goal is to make a profit. Professional media, labeled fake news, have triedto restore the lost reputation in society and re-establish the social significance of professional journalism.However, numerous analyzes indicate that it will not be enough just to reaffirm existing concepts andvalues, but that it is necessary to build new professional cultures. Trump's legacy concerning establishedmedia and professional journalism has not brought any special news to the media and journalists inBosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) who have been operating in a very unfavorable environment for the past30 years, in which populism is a modus operandi of political action. However, the transformations ofjournalism that are announced as a result of the relationship between the media and authoritarianpopulists in democratic societies need not go unnoticed in BiH because the existing weak institutionalculture of journalism could be used as a tool to further empower populists.

This paper points out the importance of a sociological approach to the study of journalism and media. The focus is on the sociological view of the news production process. How do organizational and professional requirements shape and limit journalistic work in news production? Some of the main concepts and interests of the sociological approach are presented, such as gatekeeping, personal characteristics of journalists, social control in newsrooms, relations between journalists and their sources, the issue of journalistic paraideology, and then these issues are discussed in the context of current journalism and media in BiH. The findings of this paper suggest that the meaning of the concept of gatekeeping in light of the dominance of Internet platforms needs to be explored; that we still don’t have a good enough picture of the people who produce the news in BiH; that the issue of social control in newsrooms should be reconsidered in the light of newsroom cutbacks. In addition, research is needed on the nature of the links between journalists and their sources, and the issue of journalistic paraideology in BiH should be examined in the context of reducing the gap between professional journalism and other forms of content production, but also through examination of inherited forms of patriotic journalism.

The implementation of inclusive education in practice results in greater complexity of the teacher's role, andpre-professional teacher's training imposes new approaches, values and expectations. The initial education is the first step in teachers’ professional training. Training of future teachers for competent performance in the field of inclusive practice should be one of the priorities in the development of curricula and programs of initial teacher's education. The aim of this research was to determine the possibilities of initial teacher's education for the acquisition and development of inclusive competencies. To obtain the necessary data, we used the documentation analysis procedure. We analyzed the initial teacher’s education programs at the University ˝Dzemal Bijedic˝ of Mostar, the University of Tuzla and the University of Zenica. The analysis of initial teacher’s education programs showed inconsistencies in the number and representation of subjects relevant to inclusive education at three universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, lack of cross-curricular approach to inclusive education, and lack of integration of theoretical and practical participation in curricula intended for the development of inclusive competencies. The obtained results imply the direction of changes within the initial teacher education program that would lead to the more efficient acquisition of inclusive competencies of future teachers.

This article presents papers on the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina published in the most prestigious historiographical journals in the Republic of Turkey in the period from 2010 to 2020. The first part of the paper explains the criteria for which the authors decided on the journals Belleten, Tarih Dergisi, Osmanlı Araştırmaları, Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM. Special attention is given to the works of Bosnian authors published in these journals. In the period from 2010 to 2020, six Bosnian authors published their works in these publications. Two papers were published by Kerima Filan (papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM and Osmanlı Araştırmaları), while one paper was published by Hatidža Čar-Drnda (in Belleten journal) and Adnan Ararić (in Tarr journal Osmanş Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM), Sabaheta Gačanin (in Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi), Fahd Kasumović (in Belleten jounal) and Aladin Husić (in Belleten journal). Attention is also paid to the works of foreign authors in which the research focus is on Bosnia and Herzegovina. Six papers published in the Bulletin are presented in more detail, by Zafer Gölen, Hüsnü Demircan, Uğur Ünal, Tufan Turan, then two papers published in Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi - OTAM, by Ayşa Zişan Furat and Kurana published in Osmanlı Araştırmaları by Fatma Sel Turhan. Compared to Bosnian authors, Turkish historians of the Ottoman period have a greater interest in studying the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 19th century, so most of the presented works deal with the events of that century. The authors pointed out the importance, but also certain shortcomings, of the works of Turkish historians. The last part of the paper is dedicated to the analysis of citations of Bosnian authors in the analyzed journals and papers. Papers in Turkish and other researchers rarely cite papers in South Slavic languages, while a large number of cited papers are by Bosnian authors who have published their papers in Turkish or English. Among the cited authors we find, among others, Ahmed Aličić, Hamdija Kreševljaković, Hatidža Čar-Drnd, Smail Čekić, Fikret Karčić, Avdo Sućeska, Nedim Filipović and Hazim Šabanović. The paper also mentions In Memoriam on the occasion of the death of Ahmed Aličić, published in the 37th issue of the journal Osmanlı Tarihi Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi Dergisi (OTAM), and several reviews of books prepared or written by Bosnian authors. A selective bibliography of papers, divided into two parts, was offered as a contribution to the paper. The first part lists the works that relate in whole or in part to the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These are 15 works by authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Turkey and Croatia, and one In Memoriam, which is written in more detail in the main part of the text. The second part of the selective bibliography lists 24 works whose content is partly related to the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among the authors of these works are world-renowned historians such as Linda T. Darling and Feridun Emecena, but also authors from neighboring countries Dragana Amedoski and Marijan Premović.

The second media age or the postmodern virtuality introduces significant changes to all dimensions of childhood. The application, as well as the use of new technologies, has significantly altered a child’s core activity during this period- the playing, introducing it into surreal spaces without much needed natural supplementation. A virtual world, together with computer and video games, represent the most common social environment and form of children’s entertainment nowadays. The text precisely analyzes the positive and negative consequences of children’s play created in a cyber yard and questions the ethics of techno-progression, that is, an already inbred fictitious social space intended for growing up, which, as such, increasingly dehumanizes basic childhood postulates. In terms of the content, the paper also offers certain theoretical guidelines stemming from the collective experience of previous generations who remember the play as a source of spontaneity, carelessness, joy, and amusement, rather than an innate and/or trend-driven activity mediated by digital technology.

There are many scientific studies that have dealt with the production of media content and tried to answer the question of what shapes media content. In this paper, the focus is placed on the hierarchy of influences model, which through analysis at five levels allows the identification of crucial concepts and the identification of links between different factors influencing the journalistic outputs. Although there are some ambiguities and inconsistencies around this model, it seems to be a significant framework that allows for the advancement of research efforts in the field of journalism. In this study, by providing examples of questions about journalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina we try to indicate possible directions for the development of research that would deepen the understanding of the relationship between society and the media.

Sport, or sports, is a very important factor in personality formation. Success in sports is often conditioned by a positive outcome, that is, by winning competitions, but also by competitiveness, as the main sportingcompetition orientation that distinguishes athletes and non-athletes. This research was conducted to identify differences in sports-orientation among younger students of athletes and non-athletes. The research was conducted in seven Tuzla elementary schools. The population from which the sample of 512 respondents was selected was defined as the population of fourth- and fifth-grade students, both sexes, aged 9.4 years. Two sub-samples were formed from the population thus defined. A sub-sample of 328 respondents involved in a particular sport activity (sports games, karate, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, etc., 2-3 training sessions per week), group - athletes. A sub-sample of 184 respondents who do not engage in any sports activity at all, the group - non-athletes. The Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ; Gill and Deeter, 1988) was used as an instrument. The non-parametric Mann - Whitney U testfor independent samples was used to determine differences in the answers to the questions asked between the athletes and non-athletes. The results obtained in this study show that athletes score higher on allthree subscales than non-athletes, in other words more competitive, more win-oriented and more goal-oriented. From the results of particles with statistically significant differences, it can be seen that athletesare looking forward to competing with athletes (p = 0.04) and training hard to be successful (p = 0.04), do not like to lose (p = 0.04), or give trying their best to win (p = 0.04) and trying to achieve these goals(p = 0.03). This has provided us with important practical information, first of all for classroom teachers, kinesiologists, and later for others working in education, who should be oriented towards encouragingtask-orientedness in their students through appropriate strategies and instructions. Such an orientation plays an important role in maximizing student involvement in participating in sporting activities providedby the school and outside the school through various competitions.

The paper discusses the relationship between media and information literacy and public advocacy that seeks to influence public policy (policy advocacy) in the community. Some basic links between media and information literacy and policy advocacy are outlined, as well as indications for reflecting on the contribution of media and information literacy to the policy advocacy process and vice versa - the contribution of knowledge and skills of policy advocacy to the development of media and information literacy. The main conclusions are that media and information literate citizens are better placed to advocate for policy change than those who do not have that knowledge and competencies, but that policy advocacy cannot be reduced solely to media campaigns, and that additional knowledge needs to be adopted to influence the public decision-making process. At the same time, for policy advocacy to promote media and information literacy, it must rely on a particular set of social values promoted by media and information literacy.

Copyright of Journal of Applied Health Sciences is the property of University of Applied Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Egypt faces water scarcity to meet the increasing demand. Therefore, better management of irrigation water for crops assumes high priority among which spearmint is a high water demanding plant. Hence, the current study was undertaken at the medicinal and aromatic research department experimental farm, El-Kanater El- Khairiya, Egypt. It is intended to investigate the effect of different planting practices “raised bed, furrows and convention” on yield productivity and water saving, under three irrigation treatments “120%, 100% and 80% of ETo”. The results of two seasons 2016 and 2017 showed that the best vegetative growth and fresh herb yield were obtained using raised bed followed by furrows then conventional planting method under 100% ETo. Essential oil was increased up to 0.7% at 100% ETo under raised bed. It was observed that when compared to planting using conventional methods at 120% ETo, under 80% ETo spearmint yield was increased by about 8.76% and 26.14% for furrows and raised bed in the first season, second season showed same trend. In addition, raised bed under 80% of irrigation applied water produced the maximum amount of water saved when compared to conventional at 120% ETo being 36.14 and 48.38% for 1st and 2nd season, respectively.

The paper presents the psychometric validation of the General Life Satisfaction Scale (GLSS/SOZŽ) on a sample of 450 respondents from BiH (60.22% females, 79.11% students), of the average age of 23.14 (SD=5.33) years. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the best fitting were two bi-factor models, which both had global satisfaction with life factor and two and four (respectively) orthogonal domain-specific factors. However, the results implied the functional unidimensionality of the questionnaire and a justification for the total score usage for most practical purposes. Five items were eliminated due to poor psychometric characteristics. The remaining 15 items showed a high to very high discrimination. The total score of the questionnaire had a high internal consistency and was the most informative in the very low to moderately high latent trait range. The questionnaire showed satisfactory convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Therefore, the (reduced) SOZŽ questionnaire can be recommended from the psychometric point of view. With depressiveness as a criterion example, we established that SOZŽ is a good predictor of depressiveness. However, the predictive value of SOZZ is only marginally higher in comparison to three times shorter SWLS questionnaire. This implies that the “essence” of general life satisfaction could likely be measured in a more efficient, i.e., shorter way.

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The basic requirement placed on television journalists is to communicate in a way that is understandable to everyone. On the other hand, the television language should be appealing and interesting to draw the attention of the audience. The language of television is not just a form of verbal communication. It includes visual expression as well. Historically, the principles such as: separating facts from comments, an unemotional manner of presentation, and the pursuit of fairness and balance have become the dominant features that characterize the nature of television news. In this paper, I describe and clarify the main characteristics of television language to shed light on the broader context within which television meanings arise. The focus is on the choice of terminology, figures of speech, the use of the passive voice, conventions of television producing, editing and the role of presenters. The identification and analysis of these elements enables the understanding of the background meanings which are often obscured, or presented as a fact deprived of any value orientation. Through the deconstruction of television language, I would like to turn the attention to the ideological effects of television, as well as seek to explain the fixed position of specific meanings and their constant reproduction in television discourse.

Dijagnostika tuberkuloze goveda zasniva se na ante-mortem testovima, testiranju prilikom transporta životinja te postmortalnim nalazima i kultivaciji. Primarni test za testiranje stada je tuberkulinski kožni test, bilo kao jednokratni ili komparativni intradermalni test. Također, u primjeni je i in vivo gama interferon test. Međutim, u oba slučaja lažno pozitivni rezultati dovode do značajnih poteškoća u in vivo dijagnostici tuberkuloze goveda te gubitaka usljed uklanjanja životinja. Stoga je obavezan postmortalni pregled neškodljivo uklonjenih životinja pozitivnih na tuberkulinski ili gama interferon test, kao i goveda u klaonicama. Nažalost, nedovoljno razvijene lezije se često mogu previdjeti, te je ova pretraga male senzitivnosti. Ukoliko se lezije ustanove, uzorke treba analizirati histološki te mikrobiološki.

We here describe a case of Mycobacterium terrae infection in a cow in a small dairy household. At necropsy of the cow otherwise positive on routine annual tuberculin skin testing, severe multifocal granulomatous dermatitis and panniculitis, and moderate granulomatous (parasitic) colitis were observed. Histopathology revealed granulomatous dermatitis. Bacteria isolated from regional and thoracic lymph nodes, and skin lesions were identified by colony morphology, biochemical testing and molecular methods as M. terrae. Our findings confirm the difficulties that non-tuberculous mycobacteria can cause in vivo diagnosis of mycobacterial infections, especially in conjunction with parasitic infestations. Key words: Cattle, Mycobacterium terrae, Granulomatous dermatitis, Bosnia and Herzegovina

This paper describes an oral squamous cell carcinoma with metastases into the lung in a 24-years-old female rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). At necropsy, 3.5 cm ulcerative, white grey, irregular mass with necrosis and loss of the muscle, and osteolysis of the mandibular bone was observed on the mentum. Histopathologically, the mass consisted of multiple highly cellular lobules of oval to polygonal cells in the abundant connective tissue stroma, and with high mitotic index. There were multifocal pearl-like foci of keratinized cells. Neoplastic cells were PAS negative. Immunohistochemically, positive labeling for high molecular weight cytokeratine (CKhmw) and negative labeling for CA antigen were obtained. Key words: neoplasia, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, monkey

This paper describes the occurence of listeriosis in silage fed domestic sheep of the Pramenka type. The aim was to investigate causes of death of animals with previously manifested nervous signs. According to the Law on Veterinary Medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the brain of sheep showing nervous signs of illness must be examined with suspicion on Listeria monocytogenes infection. The disesase occured in the region of Eastern Bosnia in February, 2009. The sheep affected were adult, gravid females. All sheep affected by disease shared similar clinical signs: dyspnea, increased heart rate, circling, staggering, torticollis and inappetence. No abortions of gravid sheep were noted. All simptoms were lasting for 3 to 4 days with lethal outcome and mortality of 5%. The administration of procaine benzylpenicillin showed no results. The necropsy of death sheep revealed encephalitis.Histopathologically, multifocal microabscesses containing mainly degenerated and viable neutrophils, perivascular accummulation of lymphocytes and plasma cells with some macrophages and neutrophils, and multifocal fibrinous microthrombi in the lumina of the blood vessels were observed in the brain tissue. Also, neuronal degeneration and small microglial accummulation were noted. Microbiologically, Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the brain tissue.Key words: Listeria monocytogenes, encephalitis, microabscess, sheep, silage

Forest flies, also known as deer keds (Lipoptena cervi), are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites that infest cervids (Cervidae) in Europe, Siberia, China and North America. These flies are vectors of potential zoonotic bacterium Bartonella schoenbuchensis. The aim of this study was to determine the species of ectoparasites found on one male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) shot during hunting season 2011 in the area of Bihać municipality. Using the morphological keys, all adult keds were identified as Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1761. Key words: Lipoptena cervi, roe deer, Bihać municipality

Traditional methods of oestrus synchronization developed over the past 60 years have involved controlling estrous cycle length by luteolytic drugs. The use of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) devices is now well accepted throughout the world to treat some diseases. This study aimed to: a) investigate the ovarian and endocrine responses associated with the treatment of cystic ovarian follicles with gonadotropin (GnRH) and prostaglandin (PGF2α) +/- Progesterone-CIDR placement; b) determine pregnancy establishment following synchronization and timed artificial insemination in cows suffering from cystic ovarian follicles. The ovarian cysts were typed based on the rectal and ultrasonic examination (B-mode System; Pie-Medical Scanner-240 with 6-8 MHz linear probe) into follicular, luteinized and persistent cysts. Two schedules of treatment were designed, in schedule-A, 15 cows with follicular (n=7), luteinized (n=3) and persistent (n=5) cysts were used. The cows received 2 injections of 100 ug GnRH (9 days interval) with 25 mg PGF2α administered 7 days after 1st GnRH dose. In schedule-B, 14 cows with follicular (n=6), luteinized (n=3) and persistent (n=5) cysts were used. The cows administered GnRH and CIDR concurrently, then 25 mg PGF2α 7 days later. The CIDR was removed 2 days after PGF2α. The cows were inseminated 16 hours after 2nd GnRH dose. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein during the course of 2 schedules to assay the progesterone and estradiol. In schedule-A, 57.1 %, 33.3 % and 40 % of follicular, luteinized and persistent cysts were ovulated after the 1st GnRH injection, while a total of 100 %, 66.7 % and 100 % were ovulated after the 2nd GnRH dose. The cows with follicular cysts appeared the highest rate of pregnancy (57.1 %) followed by the luteinized and persistent cysts (33.3 % and 40 %). Of a total 15 cystictreated cows, 7 were confirmed pregnant (46.7 %). The concentration of progesterone was significantly higher at 1st GnRH injection, then decreased after PGF2α injection and then increased again at 7 day after insemination. In schedule-B, after 1st GnRH dose, 66.7 % of follicular, 0 % of luteinized cysts and 80 % of persistent were ovulated; with a 57.1 % total ovulation rate. Following CIDR removal, 85.7 % (12/14) cows ovulated the recruited follicles and developed a corpus luteum. Of a total 14 cystic-treated cows, 8 were confirmed pregnant (57.1 %). Plasma estradiol declined following intra vaginal placement of CIDR, but markedly increased one day after removal. Plasma progesterone decreased after CIDR removal, but increased again at the presence of palpable corpus luteum. The developed corpus luteum and pregnancy rate were higher in schedule-B (+CIDR) than in schedule-A (-CIDR). In conclusion, treatment of cows with cystic ovarian follicles with GnRH followed by PGF2α 7 days later resulted in recruitment of new healthy follicles, synchronization of ovulation and a marked pregnancy rate (with than without CIDR intra vaginal placement).

This study was conducted to compare a recent method for oestrussynchronization in lactating dairy cows using PGF2α (P), GnRH (G) andestradiol cypionate (ECP). Four treatments were performed on sixty dairy cows. In treatment 1-PP (twice prostaglandin), cows received two injections of PGF2α on days 0 and 11 (n=14). In treatment 2-PGP (prostaglandingonadotropin- prostaglandin), cows were injected twice with PGF2α, on days 0 and 11 and 100 ug of GnRH on day 3 after the 1st injection (n=14). In treatment 3-PGPE-0 (prostaglandin-gonadotropin-prostaglandin-estradiol-0), cows were treated with PGP and 1 mg of ECP at the same time of 2nd PGF2α injection (n=16). In treatment 4-PGPE-1 (prostaglandin-gonadotropinprostaglandin- estradiol-1), cows were treated with PGP and 1 mg of ECP one day after 2nd PGF2α injection (n=16). The cows were examined rectally and ultrasonographically. Every cow was blood sampled at selected intervals for progesterone and estradiol assay and inseminated at oestrus. After 1st PGF2α injection, a higher percentage of ovulated cows observed with PGP than PP treated cows (64.3 % vs 50 %; P

Copyright of SKEI - International Interdisciplinary Journal / Medunarodni Interdisciplinarni Casopis is the property of University Vitez, Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Contemporary History / Časopis za Suvremenu Povijest is the property of Croatia Institute for History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Sciences & Humanities Studies / Društvene i Humanističke Studije (DHS) is the property of Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Tuzla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pregled is the property of University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Contributions / Prilozi is the property of Institute for History, University of Sarajevo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Contributions to Oriental Philology / Prilozi za Orijentalnu Filologiju is the property of Orijentalni institut and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public communal companies play an important role in the overall socioeconomic trends. There are many problems in functioning of these companies, but the focus of this work will be the relationship with clients in the system of total quality management. By building relationships with clients and to follow trends in the public communal companies can achieve customer satisfaction and long-term use stability of business. The subject of the work is based on the discovery of the importance of the concept of customer relationships in the system TQM public communal companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The working hypothesis is that applied the concept of customer relationships in the system of total quality management has a positive effect on the efficiency and effectiveness of public communal companies. The survey was conducted through a questionnaire on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a sample of 50 public communal companies. The survey results are analyzed in the statistical program SPSS. Answers to the questions have a high degree of agreement in the range of 3.86 to 4.20. The highest level of agreement is the question implies that TQM techniques and procedures that are required to be enough customer needs and to improve the quality of management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]