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U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja uroda četiri sorte ozime pšenoraži koje su zastupljene u širokoj proizvodnji u Srbiji: PKB Kardinal (Institut PKB Agroekonomik), Trijumf i Favorit (Centar za strna žita, Kragujevac) i Odisej (Institut za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, Novi Sad). Istraživanja su provedena na pokusnom polju Instituta PKB Agroekonomik, u Padinskoj Skeli, u godinama proizvodnje 2019. i 2020. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika u urodu po godinama i sortama. Najveći urod ostvarila je sorta PKB Kardinal (9437 kg ha-1), a najmanji sorta Favorit (6877 kg ha-1), u obje godine ispitivanja. U 2020. godini, koja je bila povoljnija za proizvodnju, ostvaren je prosječan urod za sve sorte od 9010 kg ha-1, dok je u 2019. godini ostvaren urod od 7811 kg ha-1. Sadržaj proteina u zrnu ovisio je o ispitivanim sortama i godinama. U prosjeku, sadržaj proteina se kretao od 12,02 % (Odisej) do 14,40 % (Favorit). Gledajući godine, prosječan sadržaj proteina u zrnu bio je veći u sušnoj vegetacijskoj sezoni 2018./2019. za 3,16 % nego u kišnoj 2019./2020., The paper presents the results of testing of yield of four winter triticale cultivars, represented in general production in Serbia: PKB Kardinal (PKB Agroekonomik Institute), Trijumf and Favorit (Small Grain Center, Kragujevac) and Odisej (Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops), Novi Sad). Investigations were performed at the Experimental Field of PKB Agroekonomik Institute, in Padinska Skela, in production years 2019 and 2020. A statistically significant difference in yield by years and cultivars was found. The highest yield was achieved by the cultivar PKB Kardinal (9437 kg ha-1), and the lowest by the cultivar Favorit ( 6877 kg h a-1), in both examined years. In 2020, which was more favorable for production, the average yield of 9010 kg ha-1 was achieved for all cultivars while in 2019 the yield was 7811 kg ha-1. The protein content in the grain depended on investigated cultivars and years. On average, the protein content ranged from 12.02 % (Odisej) to 14.40 % (Favorit). Looking at the years, the average protein content in the grain was higher in the dry vegetation season 2018/2019 for 3.16 % than in the rainy 2019/2020.

Pšenica, je tijekom cijele ljudske civilizacije bila bazni i vitalni sastojak svakodnevne ishrane ljudi i domaćih životinja. U Republici Srbiji posljednjih nekoliko godina izražena je traženost sorti pšenice, koje pored visokog i stabilnog prinosa imaju i dobre parametre kvalitete brašna. U provedenim istraživanjima u 2019/2020. godini sorta s najstabilnijim prinosom i dobrom kvalitetom zrna pokazala se sorta Nogal. Ova sorta ima visok sadržaj kvalitetnih proteina, a analogno tome je i visok sadržaj glutena, ali i kvaliteta, što su potvrdila reološka mjerenja. Ostvareni visoki prinosi zrna ispitivanih sorata pšenice jesu rezultat interakcije genetičkog potencijala ispitivanih sorata pšenice i primjene dobre agrotehnike u uvjetima kada raspored padalina u tijeku vegetacijske sezone, od momenta sjetve, pa do žetve nije pogodovao proizvodnji pšenice. Istraživanja su pokazala da se sorte Talas, Pobeda i Nogal mogu svrstati u kvalitetnu grupu A2, odnosno to su sorte dobre kvalitete brašna i hljeba i kao takve spadaju u grupu poboljšivača. Sorte Merkur, Imperija, Ratarica i Vizantija svrstane su u kvalitetnu grupu B1 tj. one su dobre hljebne sorte. Sorta NS 40 S svrstana je u kvalitetnu grupu B2., Throughout human civilization, wheat has been the basic and vital ingredient of daily nutrition for both humans and animals. In the last few years, in the Republic of Serbia, there has been a pronounced demand for wheat varieties that, in addition to high and stable yields also have good flour quality parameters. Implemented investigations in 2019/2020 showed that the variety with the most stable yield and good grain quality was the Nogal variety. This variety has a high quality proteins content, and as an analogue also a high gluten content, but also quality confirmed by rheological measurements. Realized high grain yields of investigated wheat varieties result from the interaction between the genetic potential of investigated wheat varieties and applied good agrotechnical procedures under conditions when the distribution of precipitation during the vegetation season, from the moment of sowing, to the harvest, was not favorable for wheat production. Investigations have shown that varieties Talas, Pobeda and Nogal can be classified in quality group A2, i.e. they are varieties for good quality flour and bread, and as such they fall within the group of enhancers. Varieties Merkur, Imperija, Ratarica and Vizantija were placed in quality group B1 i.e. they are good bread varieties. The variety NS 40 S was classified into quality group B2.

Održanje i kontrola genetske čistoće, odnosno genetskog identiteta, jedan je od krajnjih ciljeva sjemenarstva nakon priznavanja neke sorte pšenice. Primjena pozitivne i negativne selekcije, na razini fenotipa pri sortnoj reprodukciji pšenice, omogućila je sortnu čistoću od 99 i 100% u usjevima svih sjemenskih kategorija. U cilju ispitivanja genetske identičnosti, u ovom su radu analizirane rezervne bjelačevine pšenice – glijadini, koji su metodom poliakrilne gel elektroforeze razdvojeni na veliki broj frakcija koje pokazuju visoku heterogenost. Od analiziranih sorti pšenice jedino je sorta PKB Rodika imala genetsku čistoću od 100% za sve kategorije sjemena. Sorta PKB Kristina je imala genetsku čistoću od 99% za kategoriju predosnovno sjeme, a sorta BG Merkur 99% genetske čistoće za kategoriju – sjeme prve generacije C1. Elektroforeza bjelančevina pokazala je da postoji divergentnost između ispitivanih sorti pšenice po sastavu komponenti glijadinske frakcije, dok unutar sorti postoji ujednačenost., Maintenance and control of genetic purity and genetic identity is one of the ultimate goals in seed production after the recognition of some varieties of wheat. The application of positive and negative selection at the phenotypic level in varietal reproduction of wheat, enabled 99 and 100% of varietal purity in crops of all seed categories. In order to study the genetic identity, in this paper the reserve proteins of wheat – gliadins were analyzed. They were separated by polyacrylic gel electrophoresis into numerous components that showed great heterogeneity. Of all the analyzed wheat varieties, only PKB Rodika variety had the genetic purity of 100% in all categories of seed. PKB Kristina had the genetic purity of 99% in the pre-basic seed category and the variety BG Merkur had genetic purity of 99% in the seed of first generation – C1. Protein electrophoresis showed there was the divergence among the varieties of wheat in its composition of gliadin fractions, while there was uniformity among defferent varietal reproductions within each variety.