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Sa svrhom što potpunijega razumijevanja i donošenja bitnih navedenih zaključaka o općenitome predmetnom pitanju mrežnih priručničkih izdanja, ovaj rad, oprimjeren provedbom i ishodom postupka kakvoćnoga istraživanja Encyclopædije Britannice, daje njezin kraći razvojni pregled i opis glavnih značajka njezinih odabranih izdanja, uz njihovu usporedbu s drugim sličnim priručnicima. Uvodni dio stoga sažeto iznosi gotovo desetljetnu povijest postupnoga Britanničina prijelaza u mrežno okruženje. Raščlanjujući njezine sastavnice, Macropaediju, Micropaediju i Propaediju, i njezino uredničko usmjerenje, središnji pak dio podrobnije razmatra Britanničin put od knjižnične police do računalnoga zaslona te ju dovodi u poredbeni suodnos s ostalim priopćilima na zahtjevnome poslovnom tržištu, poglavito s Wikipedijom. Time je također zaključno ukazano i na neke mogućnosti uporabe takvih suvremenih mrežnih priručničkih sadržaja, koji obavijesnim i priopćajnim proširenjem dosadašnjih granica nedvojbeno postavljaju i nove sustavske razvojne zadatke., With an objective to comprehend a general matter of online encyclopedias as completely as possible and derive the quoted conclusions, this paper provides, by the conduct and result of a qualitative research method exemplified by Encyclopædia Britannica, its developmental outline and a hallmark description of its select editions, in addition to their comparison with other similar enchiridia. Consequently, the introductory part epitomizes an almost‐decennial history of Britannica’s gradual transition to an online environment. Analyzing its components of Macropædia, Micropædia, and Propædia and its editorial guidelines, the central part discusses Britannica’s way from a library shelf to a computer screen in more detail while establishing its comparative correlation with other multimedia on a demanding business market, especially with Wikipedia. Hereby, the paper also conclusively indicates several possibilities to use these modern online encyclopedic contents, which also set the new systemic developmental tasks by their informational and communicational expansion of the boundaries existent heretofore.

Enciklopedička djela čine sintezu znanja područja koje obrađuju, nerijetko i ukupnih ljudskih dosega u vremenu u kojem nastaju. Važan dio njihova koncepta čini strukturiranost sadržaja radi lakšega pronalaženja, razumijevanja i korištenja željenom informacijom. Važan element te strukturiranosti mogu činiti unificirani tablični prikazi podataka. Ovaj rad istražuje zastupljenost, način organizacije i funkcionalnost tabličnih prikaza u nizu enciklopedičkih djela, a osobito onih za koja je utvrđeno da se koriste tabličnim prikazima kao elementima strukturiranosti. Istraživanje je provedeno na svjetskim enciklopedičkim izdanjima (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Chambersʼs Encyclopaedia, World Book Encyclopedia, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, La Grande Encyclopédie, Wikipedija) te projektima hrvatske enciklopedike (Hrvatska enciklopedija, Proleksis enciklopedija i Hrvatska tehnička enciklopedija). Sadržajnom analizom enciklopedičkih projekata utvrđeni su zastupljenost i sadržaj tabličnih prikaza te različitosti i sličnosti vrsta tih prikaza i njihova sadržaja. Također, analizirane su funkcionalnosti takva oblika strukturiranoga sadržaja u mrežnim izdanjima nekih projekata. Pokazalo se kako unificirani tablični prikazi koji prate pojedine tipske članke najviše pridonose strukturiranosti enciklopedičkih djela te otvaraju nove mogućnosti za unutarnje i vanjsko povezivanje sadržaja, razvoja ontologija i sl. Evolucija tabličnih prikaza u enciklopedičkim izdanjima, od pukih prikaza usustavljenih podataka u tradicionalnim (tiskanim) izdanjima do sastavnica elemenata strukture mrežnih izdanja, otvara nove mogućnosti u razvoju enciklopedike i dovodi do promjena u pristupu izvedbi mrežnih enciklopedičkih projekata., Encyclopedic works are a synthesis of knowledge of a certain field of interest, and often of the whole human achievement at the time in which they arise. As highly informative works of a tertiary type, an important part of their concept is content structure, the purpose of which is to make them easier to understand and use. This paper explores the extent of tables, their means of organization, and their functionality in encyclopedic works. This research was conducted on well-known traditional (printed) encyclopedic works, such as the Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Americana, Chambers’s Encyclopaedia, World Book Encyclopedia, Brockhaus Enzyklopädie, La Grande Encyclopédie, as well as Croatian encyclopedic works: Croatian Encyclopedia, Proleksis Encyclopedia, Croatian Encyclopedia of Technology. Content analysis was conducted on tables in encyclopedic projects as important components of the structure of relevant data, providing an overview of the extent of tables and their content in selected encyclopedic works. By comparing the results of the content analysis of multiple encyclopedic works, differences, and similarities in table types and their content are shown to indicate possibilities and requisites when compiling such highly structured content. Furthermore, insight is provided into the functionalities of such structured content in online editions of some of these encyclopedic works as well as of Wikipedia as the most commonly used online encyclopaedia. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of tables in encyclopedic works, from the mere rendering of systematized data in traditional works to tables as elements of structure in online works that can be used to develop ontologies, this, in turn, generates new possibilities in the development of encyclopedic studies and a new approach to the creation of online encyclopedic works.

Svrha je rada ponuditi detaljniji uvid u problematiku zaštite stare knjižnične građe kao doprinos njezinu očuvanju i dugotrajnom korištenju. Zaštita knjižnične građe složeno je pitanje koje se može promatrati s više aspekata. Pored razumijevanja temeljnih pitanja od čega štitimo knjižničnu građu te tko se bavi zaštitom, treba razumjeti i povezanost zaštite s poslanjem, funkcijom, okvirima i poslovanjem institucije unutar koje se ona provodi. U radu se terminološki razrađuju temeljni pojmovi problematike zaštite knjižnične građe s posebnim naglaskom na staru knjižničnu građu te se daje sustavan pregled razina, koncepata, pristupa i metoda zaštite knjižnične građe. Teorijski se razmatra upravljanje i organizacija zaštite stare knjižnične građe te se prikazuju neki od metodoloških aspekata u proučavanju zaštite. Analizirano je nekoliko praktičnih primjera koji mogu poslužiti kao ogledni modeli. Uvid u problematiku zaštite kakav je iznesen u radu valja razumjeti kao podlogu za daljnju primjenu na slične primjere. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed insight into the issues of preserving rare library materials, and contribute to the possibilities of organizing and managing their continuous preservation, availability and use. The preservation of library materials is a complex issue that can be viewed from different aspects. This paper discusses the basic terminology that is used, with the special focus on rare library materials. The preservation of rare library materials is a seemingly simple and clear term, yet it calls for a more detailed consideration and questioning. The preservation of library materials, in addition to basic issues such as what should it be preserved from, who preserves it, etc., presupposes the establishment of clear links with the mission, functions, framework and the way the institution does its business. The aim of the preservation and all related activities, as well as a full understanding of responsibility, is crucial for the efficient preservation of rare library materials as part of written heritage. The paper presents the concepts and approaches to the protection of library materials in relation to specific methods, techniques and procedures. The preservation of library materials may be viewed at different levels that are intertwined through all concepts and approaches, and this issue is analyzed thoroughly. There is wide range of library materials that are considered as rare. These materials consist of numerous and varied matters that have different durability and characteristics. The criteria of age, value and rarity are also subject to terminological re-examination and should be defined as clearly as possible. Among the important elements in the entire process of preserving rare library materials are management and organization mechanisms. The measures that are undertaken in order to achieve the quality and efficient preservation of rare library materials must be managed purposefully and organized in detail. The efficient management and good organization of preservation presupposes a systematic and comprehensive approach applicable independent of the type of institution or type of material. The management and organization issues concerning the preservation of rare library materials is shown as an overview of their most important elements, with a critical evaluation of the most important achievements in theory in practice. The methodological aspect is also very important in investigating the preservation of rare library materials.The special emphasis is placed on the systematic investigation of the status of library holdings and the possibilities offered by the qualitative and quantitative description of holdings on the one hand, and the possibilities offered by the methods of interview and/or questionnaire on the other. Several practical examples that may serve as test models in the approach to this issue have been analyzed.The existing organization of the collection of historical newspapers from the city of Osijek area, and the organization of the collection of old books in the library of the Franciscan monastery in Mostar in relation to their status and protection activities have also been discussed. By comparing these models a significant difference in the material and content characteristics of the analyzed rare library holdings have been identified. This difference calls for the use of different methodologies for investigating the condition of the holdings. The information on the condition of the library holdings and approaches to their preservation serve as a starting point for planning further steps for the efficient preservation of rare library materials. The insights into the problem of preservation presented in this paper should be understood as a foundation for further implementation on similar examples.Key words : preservation of library materials, rare library materials, rare books, historical newspapers, organization and management of preservation, description of the condition of library holdings.

U prvome desetljeću 21. stoljeća društvene su mreže postale sastavnim dijelom suvremenoga života, čime se sve više počela potvrđivati društvena orijentiranost aktivnosti korisnika interneta. Otvaranjem profila na društvenim mrežama korisnici interneta prestaju biti pasivni konzumenti sadržaja i informacija koje internet nudi te se pretvaraju u kreatore koji svojim djelatnostima i doprinosima oblikuju dinamičan prostor novih medija. Jedno od najvažnijih područja u koje korisnici društvenih mreža unose mnoge promjene i inovacije svakako su komunikacijske i jezične prakse. Prepoznatljivost društvenih mreža često se zasniva na zadanosti komunikacijskih žanrova dostupnih korisnicima kojima se na taj način određuje kako će međusobno komunicirati. Zato su pred sve polifunkcionalne jezike, pa tako i pred hrvatski, postavljeni mnogi novi zahtjevi na koje odgovaraju brzim punjenjem svojih leksičkih fondova. U radu se prikazuju najplodniji rječotvorni postupci kojima se popunjavaju leksičke praznine u hrvatskome jeziku i oblikuje komunikacijski stil na društvenim mrežama i servisima za trenutačnu razmjenu poruka. Prvi je postupak semantičko posuđivanje iz engleskoga jezika ili tvorba neosemantizama (npr. profil, prijatelj, status, zid, dodati, blokirati, notifikacija), drugi je leksičko posuđivanje (npr. lajkati, postati, šerati, atendati, hejtati, trolati, folover, selfi), a treći tvorba domaćih kratica (pozz, nezz, bmk, jbt, dns, fkt). Zbog pojave bogatoga novog leksičkog sloja valjalo bi registrirati niz novih leksičkih jedinica u općim rječnicima hrvatskoga jezika. Since the first decade of the 21st century, when social networks have become a part of everyday life, socially-oriented activities of Internet users have been on the continual rise. By creating a profile on social networks, Internet users cease to be passive Internet content and information consumers, but rather turn into creators, who shape a dynamic space of new media by virtue of their activities and personal contribution. One of the most significant areas in which social network users introduce numerous changes and innovative contents is most certainly communication and language practices. Each and every social network most often ground their recognizability on a fixed set of communication genres available to their members and in that way determine how the members are going to communicate with each other. This has made all the polyfunctional languages, Croatian among them, respond with a rather swift expansion of the existing vocabulary. In my paper, I will be presenting most productive word formation methods in which Croatian language makes up for social networks lexical gaps and shapes the communication style on social networks and instant messaging services. The first is a semantic loan from the English or neosemanticism word formation (e.g. profil, prijatelj, status, zid, dodati, blokirati, notifikacija); the second is a lexical loan word (e.g. lajkati, postati, šerati, atendati, hejtati, trolati, folover, selfi), and the third is creation of abbreviations (pozz, nezz, bmk, jbt, dns, fkt). Emergence of this new and abundant lexical layer in Croatian language requires from us to register a number of new entry units in general dictionaries of Croatian language.

Cilj je rada prikazati elemente vizualne komunikacije naslovnice časopisa, analizirajući i uspoređujući grafičke elemente putem kojih je ona ostvarena. Istraživanje je provedeno na naslovnim stranicama časopisa „Zarez“, „Vijenac“ i „Kolo“ objavljenim u razdoblju od 1999. do 2011. godine. Kriterij je odabira časopisa dostupnost građe, tematika časopisa i njegovo kulturno i društveno značenje. Istraživanjem je dokazano kako je vizualna komunikacija, na naslovnici ostvarena likovno-grafičkim elementima, različita ovisno o identitetu samog časopisa. Slikovni elementi naslovne stranice ključan su element stvaranja poruke, načina kojim časopis komunicira, stila, tona, dubine časopisa. Iako tematski vrlo slični, uspoređeni časopisi progovaraju drugačijim vizualnim jezikom. Dok je za „Zarez“ karakterističan smion i ironičan način vizualne komunikacije koji kritizira društvena zbivanja, kod „Vijenca“ je, a napose kod časopisa „Kolo“, prisutan pasivniji način komunikacije koji tek preslikava društvo i kulturu u kojoj se nalazi i o kojoj svjedoči. Usredotočen da, možda ne uplićući se, komentira opća društvena i kulturna zbivanja, nedostaje mu ključni element vizualne komunikacije koji će čitatelja već od naslovnice zaintrigirati i usmjeriti mu pozornost na časopis., The aim of the paper is to analyse and compare graphic elements of visual communication on selected journal covers. The research was conducted using the covers of the journals Zarez, Vijenac and Kolo published from 1999 to 2011. The journal sample was selected based on the availability of periodicals, their topic and their cultural and social relevance. The research showed that visual communication on journal covers varies depending on the identity of the journal. Images are the key element in creating the message on the cover, they determine the way a journal communicates, giving it style, tone, and depth. Although thematically very similar, the journals we compared speak a different visual language. The main characteristic of Zarez is the daring and ironic visual communication that criticizes social events. In Vijenac, and in Kolo in particular, a more passive method of communication is used, which merely reflects the society and culture in which it is situated and about which it testifies. Focused on comments about general social and cultural events, without any real involvement, Kolo lacks the key element of visual communication that intrigues and directs readers' attention to the journal.

Cilj je rada istražiti načine oblikovanja sadržaja i korištenje paratekstualnih elemenata u knjigama tiskanim na hrvatskom jeziku u tiskari Ivana Martina Divalda u Osijeku u razdoblju od početka rada tiskare, tj. od 1775., do kraja 18. stoljeća. Kao izvorna građa korištene su Divaldove knjige sačuvane u Zbirci Essekiana knjižnice Muzeja Slavonije u Osijeku. Istraživanje je provedeno stavljanjem u korelaciju formata, vrste djela, prisutnosti ili odsutnosti paratekstualnih elemenata i oblikovanja sadržaja, pri čemu je istraženo dijeljenje teksta u odlomke i poglavlja te korištenje bilježaka. Utvrđena je standardizacija korištenja formata i primjene pojedinih oblikovnih postupaka (dijeljenje teksta, korištenje bilježaka), ali je također uočena i nesustavnost u korištenju paratekstualnih elemenata. Ograničavanjem na kraće vremensko razdoblje i jednu tiskaru isključeni su mogući utjecaji različitih stilova i tiskarskih praksi, što je oblikovanje djela učinilo neovisnim o dizajnerski različitim pristupima. To je ujedno i najveće ograničenje istraživanja, budući da mali istraživački uzorak ne dopušta poopćavanje rezultata. The aim of the paper is to investigate formatting and use of paratextual elements in books printed in Croatian in Ivan Martin Divald’s print house in Osijek from 1779 to the end of the 18th century. The corpus included Divald’s books from the Essekiana Collection of the library in The Museum of Slavonia in Osijek. The research was conducted by correlating the format, genre, presence or absence of paratextual elements and formatting, looking in particular at paragraph and chapter organization and use of notes. The research results show that a standardized format as well as formatting was used (textual organization, use of notes), but that the paratextual elements were not used in a systematic fashion. By focusing on a shorter time-span and one print house only, we excluded the possible influence of different print styles and practices, which made the formatting independent of different designer approaches. This is also the major limitation of this research, as a small corpus does not allow for generalizations.

Rad razmatra ulogu opisnih označiteljskih jezika u razvoju digitalne humanistike, novije znanstvene discipline u sklopu društvenih i humanističkih znanosti, koju karakterizira proučavanje mogućnosti uporabe računala u znanstvenoistraživačkom radu. Izložen je kronološki prikaz razvoja digitalne humanistike, a potom i opisnih označiteljskih jezika, u nekoliko razvojnih faza. Pokazano je da je razvoj digitalne humanistike od sredine 1980-ih i pojave SGML-a, označiteljskog jezika na kojem počiva TEI, ključni standard za označavanje i razmjenu humanističkih tekstova u digitalnom okruženju, neodvojiv od razvoja označiteljskih jezika. Posebna je pozornost pridana predstavljanju razvoja Inicijative za označavanje teksta (Text Encoding Initiative – TEI), ključne organizacije koja je razvila istoimeni standard, kako s organizacijskog tako i s označiteljskog aspekta. Do danas TEI standard objavljen je u pet inačica, a tijekom dvijetisućitih SGML je zamijenjen XML označiteljskim jezikom., The paper discusses the role of descriptive markup languages in the development of digital humanities, a new research discipline that is part of social sciences and humanities, which focuses on the use of computers in research. A chronological review of the development of digital humanities, and then descriptive markup languages is exposed, through several developmental stages. It is shown that the development of digital humanities since the mid-1980s and the appearance of SGML, markup language that was the foundation of TEI, a key standard for the encoding and exchange of humanities texts in the digital environment, is inseparable from the development of markup languages. Special attention is dedicated to the presentation of the Text Encoding Initiative – TEI development, a key organization that developed the titled standard, both from organizational and markup perspectives. By this time, TEI standard is published in five versions, and during 2000s SGML is replaced by XML markup language.