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Dijaliza je postupak pročišćavanja krvi i izlučivanja otpadnih tvari i viška vode iz tijela uz pomoć dijalizatora. Dijaliza je potrebna bolesnicima sa kroničnim bubrežnim bolestima onda kada bubrezi prestanu obavljati svoju funkciju filtriranja krvi. Medicinska sestra provodi najviše vremena uz bolesnika, pa je tako njena uloga u zbrinjavanju bubrežnih bolesnika jako velika. Medicinska sestra ima veliku ulogu u samom postupku dijalize, a prije postupka je jako važno educirati bolesnika o dijalizi i načinu života s dijalizom. Cilj rada je prikazati učestalost dijaliziranih bolesnika u Hrvatskoj i svijetu te aktivnosti medicinske sestre kod samog postupka dijalize, ali i edukacije pacijenta te prevencije kronične bubrežne bolesti. Izvori statističkih podataka za ovaj rad su razna istraživanja provedena u Hrvatskoj i svijetu koja daju podatke o prevalenciji bubrežnih bolesnika koji su na dijalizi, glavnim osnovnim bolestima bubrežnih bolesnika koje su dovele do oštećenja funkcije bubrega, prosječnoj dobi bolesnika, broju transplantacija bubrega koje su obavljene u Hrvatskoj i svijetu te o predviđanjima za budućnost. Pretraživanjem literature opaženo je kako je broj bubrežnih bolesnika kojima je potrebna dijaliza svakodnevno u porastu kod oba spola i u svakoj životnoj dobi, iako je i dalje najučestalija kod bolesnika prosječne dobi od 65 godina. Kronična bubrežna bolest postala je globalni problem javnog zdravstva, a potrebe za dijalizom dovode do preopterećenosti zdravstvenog sustava što rezultira povećanim mortalitetom bubrežnih bolesnika u manje razvijenim i nerazvijenim zemljama. Dialysis is the process of purifying the blood and removing waste products and excess water from the body with the help of a dialyzer. Dialysis is needed in patients with chronic kidney disease when the kidneys stop performing their blood filtration function. The nurse spends most of her time with the patient, so her role in caring for kidney patients is very great. The nurse has a big role in the dialysis process itself, and before the procedure it is very important to educate the patient about dialysis and lifestyle with dialysis. The aim of this paper is to show the frequency of dialysis patients in Croatia and the world and the activities of nurses in the dialysis procedure, but also patient education and prevention of chronic kidney disease. Sources of statistical data for this paper are various studies conducted in Croatia and the world that provide data on the prevalence of renal patients on dialysis, the main underlying diseases of renal patients that led to impaired renal function, average age, number of kidney transplants performed in Croatia and the world and predictions for the future. A search of the literature showed that the number of renal patients requiring dialysis is increasing daily in both sexes and at each age, although it is still most common in patients with an average age of 65 years. Chronic kidney disease has become a global public health problem, and the need for dialysis leads to overloading the health system resulting in increased mortality of kidney patients in less developed and underdeveloped countries.

Kronična bubrežna bolest je progresivan gubitak bubrežne funkcije tijekom nekoliko mjeseci ili godina. U završnim fazama bolesti, bolesnicima je potrebna terapija zamjene bubrežne funkcije u obliku dijalize ili transplantacije bubrega. Kvaliteta života i preživljenje bolesnika na dijalizi je značajnije manja nego kod transplantacije bubrega. Bolesnici s psihomotornom retardacijom se često smatraju lošim kandidatima za transplantaciju bubrega jer se vjeruje da imaju smanjen životni vijek, slabu suradljivost vezanu uz posttransplantacijsku terapiju i nedostatak kognitivne sposobnosti da bi shvatili operaciju. Ovi bolesnici uglavnom spadaju ili u kategoriju relativnih ili apsolutnih komplikacija s obzirom na razinu intelektualnih sposobnosti, obično mjereno IQ-om. Glavni cilj ovog rada je pokazati da se ova kontraindikacija može nadvladati pomoću potpore legalnih skrbnika koji kompenziraju bolesnikove nedostatke. Ova studija uključuje 7 bolesnika, 4 žene i 3 muškarca. Retrospektivno smo analizirali stope preživljenja, razinu kreatinina, stope komplikacija i tjelesnu težinu., Chronic kidney disease is progressive loss of kidney function over the period of months or years. In the final stages of the disease, patients require kidney replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or kidney transplant. The quality of life and survival rates in chronic kidney disease patients on dialysis is significantly different from patients who had undergone a kidney transplant. Patients with psychomotor retardation are often considered subpar candidates for kidney transplantation due to belief of their reduced life expectancy, inability to comply with postoperative therapy and lack of cognitive understanding of the procedure itself. These patients are considered to fall either in a relative or absolute contraindication category depending on the level of their intellectual disability usually measured by their IQ. Main goal of this paper is to show how this contraindication can be overcome by the support of legal guardians who can compensate for the patients limitations. This study includes 7 patients, 4 females and 3 males. We retrospectively analyse survival rates, serum creatinine levels, complication rates and body weight.