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Članak donosi neobjavljene i u to vrijeme neke objavljene dokumente o Stepincu iz Meštrovićeva arhiva na Sveučilištu Notre Dame u Indiani, SAD, na kojem je Meštrović predavao od 1955. godine do svoje smrti 1962. godine. Uz ostale, donosi se Meštrovićevo pismo kardinalu Spellmanu iz 1954. godine označeno oznakom „povjerljivo“, pismo Alojzija Stepinca Meštroviću od 3. listopada 1956. godine, Meštrovićeva čestitka Stepincu u povodu njegova 60. rođendana, prepiska sa č. s. Reginom Mary C. S. J. nakon Meštrovićeva posjeta Stepincu 1959. godine. U članku su dokumenti dijelom transkribirani i prikazani su, tj. obrađeni najvažniji sadržaji. Dokumenti su nastali u razdoblju od 1949. do 1960. godine. Dokumentacija pokazuje da je Ivan Meštrović iznimno poštovao Stepinca te ga je smatrao nevinim u odnosu na sva nedjela koja su mu se u montiranom sudskom procesu i u javnosti stavljala na teret.

This paper explores the profound lessons of the Qur’ān about equality and social justice, as well as how these lessons relate to promoting world peace. The goal is to clarify the fundamental ideas of the Qur’ān that support gender equality, economic justice, and human dignity while examining their applicability in the modern world. The study uses a thorough examination of Qur’ānic verses, closely examining particular allusions to social issues and their historical background to produce complex interpretations. One of the main goals is to determine the connection between social justice, equality, and world peace. The study recognizes and tackles widespread misunderstandings and historical obstacles that have impeded the successful application of Qur’ānic principles, even despite the rich Islamic tradition that places a strong emphasis on these values. Additionally, the paper evaluates the current obstacles to social justice advocacy and offers solutions. A thorough examination of the role of Muslim communities and leaders is conducted, emphasizing their obligations to advance social justice and peace worldwide. Furthermore, a comparative examination with alternative religious and ideological viewpoints is conducted to find points of agreement for interfaith communication and cooperation. The article concludes by making suggestions on how communities, governments, and legislators can incorporate the Qur’ānic teachings into real-world projects. It emphasizes the critical role that social justice and equality play in bringing about enduring world peace.

This paper explores the Apostle Paul's teachings on righteousness and justification, emphasizing forensic, covenantal, apocalyptic, and sacramental aspects of his theology. Analysing key passages in Romans and Galatians, it integrates insights from contemporary theologians Douglas Campbell, N.T. Wright, and Pope Benedict XVI. Central to Paul's theology is the concept of justification by faith and the transformative power of divine grace. This study highlights the theological richness of Paul's teachings, while also acknowledging their ecumenical potential. By synthesizing these perspectives, the paper offers a comprehensive understanding of Pauline righteousness and its enduring relevance in contemporary Christian life.

The subject of research and analysis in this paper is how the female body was represented in the novel The Bridge written by Jasmina Musabegović. The novel The Bridge was published in 1994. and represents a kind of sequel to the novel Switches from 1986 and a connection with the novel Women. The voice from 2005. Metaphorically and literally this novel represents the connection between the two novels, in fact, a transitional narrative about the maturation and growing up of the main protagonist who, during her stay in a sanatorium, realizes changes in her own body and enters puberty and becomes the body of a women. At the same time, there is a process of identification with the mother and other women who play an important role in the life of the storyteller and who represent a connection during transitions from one stage of life to another. The body as a place in on which meanings are inscribed, becomes the reason for external and internal changes through which the girl who narrates experiences. Because of the sick body, she went to the sanatorium, the biological maturation of the body causes understanding and identification with the mother and sisters, only to remember performative repetition and observation of movements towards and over the bridge, rhythmic combing, and similar body repetitive gestures felt a closeness, understanding, and existence of transgenerational patterns that are transmitted along the female line in the family. This paper brings an analysis and interpretation of those elements in which the female body is represented as one of the primary determinants for self-identification and gender belonging. The theoretical starting point for the analyses of various aspects of the body in this novel is contemporary feminist research based on Elizabeth Grosz's study Volatile Bodies. Special attention will be paid to how a particular image of the human body is formed, as well as the factors that have a direct impact on it.

This paper aims to analyze and interpret the linguistic and stylistic means by which the world of the novel Women. Voices. by Jasmina Musabegović is built. The paper analyzes and interprets the novel’s spoken language stylization, as its main stylistic feature. It is based on the assumption that orality, as a linguistic-stylistic feature of the novel, is primarily realized at the syntactic-stylistic level. In this direction, the elements of expressive syntax, such as spoken (oral) sentence length, elliptical, nominative, and fragmented sentences, as well as syntactic repetitions and accumulations, are especially explored. The mentioned syntactic-stylistic means are investigated to point out their stylistic potential in the revitalization of the tonal, rhythmic, intonation, and intensity values of the spoken language, based on which novelistic voices are generated as the narrative subject of the novel. Also, exclamatory and expressive interrogative sentences are explored in the paper as significant means of conveying emotional-expressive (affective) and intensifying the semantic values of a sentence. In doing so, it is particularly indicated that interrogative sentences, in addition to appearing as elements of expressive syntax, have a significant opening (cataphoric) value in developing the novel's narrative content. In addition, the paper points out the stylistic possibilities and values of the vernacular idiom in the stylization of novelistic expression with folk expression.

The paper deals with Nadija Rebronja’s book 88, which is conceived as 88 piano keys or fragments. The paper recognizes some important links that this book establishes with the mannerist literary tradition, as understood and explained by Gustav René Hocke in his widely acknowledged books Mannerism in Literature and The World as a Labyrinth. Instead of opening up to the totality of all things, 88 resembles a mannerist work that closes itself into its own artistic reality and questions the place that literature and art occupy in today’s world. The paper also deals with the implications that arise from the connection Nadija Rebronja establishes with the tradition of magic(al)realism, particularly regarding the construction of motivational systems and their relation to the phenomenon of magic in this book. By utilising the concepts of simultaneity and catalogue, 88 relates to the tradition of the Russian avant-garde, as understood by Aleksandar Flaker. It is also shown that a reassessment, a significant avant-garde procedure, holds an important place in the 88, since the author re-evaluates the figure of travel and a topos of the town square in relation to classical literature. This reassessment is linked to the tradition of hikaye, instructive stories that have come from the Islamic tradition, as well as a farce - a literary form based on reversal. The final part of this paper deals with the fragmentation in Nadia Rebronja’s88 which can be linked to the atomization within the mannerist literature and the avant-garde understanding of the world. It also explores the ways in which the world created in this book relates to,on the one hand,the “optimal projection” as one of the characteristics of the avant-garde, and the concept of utopia as an alternative to freethinking on the other.

This paper discusses Alija Isakovic's commitment and contributions to the processes of reaffirmation Bosnian language within Serbo-Croatian linguistic unitarism in the second half of the 20th century. We have shown the historical context of the language policy and Isakovic's significant work for the selected theme. The focus of this paper is on the sociolinguistic text "Varijante na popravnom ispitu" and the lexicographic work Rječnik karakteristične leksike u bosanskome jeziku, which represents a kind of struggle for the specificity of the Bosnian variant and characteristic lexicon of Bosnian language in that linguistic norm. The results of Isakovic's work are noticeable in the Yugoslav period (partial change in the field of official language policy), but it's also noticeable in period of state independence when language policy was created based on Isaković's concepts.

This paper deals with the issues of womanhood and democratic household in Little Women, a novel by Louisa May Alcott. The theoretical framework for the research is Barbara Welter’s classic essay on the concept of “true” womanhood in Victorian America. By analyzing the four cardinal traits of proper womanhood as reflected in the novel, the conclusion emerges that Meg, Beth, Jo, and Amy’s growing into womanhood simultaneously confirms the limitation of women’s potential in Victorian America and testifies to the struggle for actualization. The development of the four girls is under the indisputable influence of both the gender discourses that prevail in society and the progressive views of their mother. However, since each girl interprets these visions differently and adapts them to their various personalities, their paths to womanhood are unique. Finally, the paper aims to demonstrate that the March sisters attempt to strike a balance between actualization and adaption to the needs of the family, two equally important, but opposing aspirations. In conclusion, the actualization of the March girls, initially jeopardized by the limitations of patriarchal culture, is further complicated by their desire to remain true to their family’s (mother’s) teaching, which is especially emphasized during Amy and Jo’s attempts to realize their artistic ambitions.

This paper will problematize a teaching methodological approach to the novel Skretnice, in which the students’ communication competencies are put in the foreground. This paper tries to show how interpretation still occupies a special position in the modern teaching methodology of teaching literature by connecting the modern teaching methodological models and students’ needs. In the process of the teaching methodological processing of the novel Skretnice by Jasmina Musabegović, we try to combine the elements of various methodical approaches: interpretation, a problematic, open teaching methodological approach. The goal is to elaborate a reading strategy and development of language skills/competencies: reading, speaking, listening and writing. The novel will be set as a literary template in the function of developing fundamental students’ competencies, in which a teaching methodological interpretation of the novel will be further developed. We will direct the students’ activities towards independent reading, research and writing about the topics and problems raised by the novel and its openness for cross-subject correlations.

Ever since Tommy Orange’s novel There There was published in 2018, Native American urban experience has been pointed out as the novel’s crux. The characters in the novel are Native American but most of them feel estranged from the community since they do not live on reservations, whereby the general implication is that reservations have become ossified as identity markers for many Native Americans. This paper aims to analyze how the novel’s characters use urban areas to create spaces of belonging, thus debunking the myth of the “reservation Indian”. Aided by Edward Soja’s theories on Thirdspace and Robert Tally’s theory of topophrenia, the paper discusses regional powwows, non-profit organizations, American Indian cultural centers, and digital storytelling/narrativization as specific examples of the subject’s awareness of space, their engagement and inscription into space through the practices mentioned above.

At the very beginning of the paper, the historicity of the human desire for the Truth was pointed out, with a special reference to the concept of tasawwuf as a way of searching for the Truth within the Muslim religious tradition. An explanation of the concept of Tasawwuf, as well as its historical development and certain teachings that are practiced within the twelve present Tasawwuf (Dervish-Sufi) orders, was presented. On that occasion, it was pointed out that in the Tasawwuf tradition, the path to knowledge is as important as the knowledge itself (Truth), and according to that, in this paper we especially tried to clarify the organs of cognition: ruh (spirit), aql (mind), qalb (illuminated heart), fu’ad (spiritual heart), hiyal (spiritual imagination) and nafs (soul). Special attention was paid to the concept of the soul (soul) as an organ of cognition, where the existence of seven levels of mental cognition was highlighted. Namely, in the Tasawwuf tradition, seven levels of the soul are mentioned, and those are: “the soul that is inclined to evil” (an-nafs al-Ammara), above which is the “soul that chastises itself” (an-nafs al-Lawwama), which is below the “inspired soul” (an-nafs al-Mulhimma). After the third stage, the spiritual journey moves along paths from “calm” (an-nafs al-Mutmainna), through “satisfied” (an-nafsar-Radiyya) and “one with whom God is pleased” (an-nafs al-Mardiyya) to “pure souls” (an-nafs as-Safiyya, or an-nafs al-Kemaliyya). At the very end of the work, the significance of the spiritual journey (as-sayr as-suluq) is emphasized, during which the dervish, through the spiritual struggle (muyahed) with himself and his personal passions, rises to the cognitive horizons where nothing exists but the Almighty God.

Many authors have recognized the unifying potential of digital technologies. McLuhan introduces the phrase "global village," while Castells writes about the emerging society as "networked." However, the experience of living in a "networked society" has questioned assumptions about the one-dimensional nature of the impact of digital technologies both on global social solidarity and solidarity at the micro level. Castells himself makes a sort of leap by considering the transformation of society from networked to segmented, heralding the end of the traditional concept of mass audience. Through mass and especially new social media, the audience as an interactive subject is open to further segmentation and differentiation. These insights indicate the necessity of reconsidering the impact of new media technologies – on the one hand, on forms of constructing social identity and social connectivity, and on the other hand, on the creation of a digital divide, supported by algorithms and artificial intelligence. Furthermore, certain categories need to be revised/redefined, primarily considering them in the context of social and political divisions that the use of social networks generates and deepens, such as the concept of the "digital divide," originally associated with the problem of unequal access to digital resources. The main aim of the paper concerns contributing to the modernization of research categories used in media and society studies, to make their theoretical and practical application more adequate and tailored to contemporary social reality. The paper will propose new formulations of key concepts, aiming to make the inherent multidimensionality of the discussed categories evident, within the context of the impact of new media and technologies. The ultimate result of the paper is contained in a sort of mapping of how the new media ecosystem supports processes of building social solidarity and creating digital alienation.

The digital age has brought several changes in the understanding of the former mass media and the way of distributing different media contents, but also in the ways of media audience involvement in mass communication processes. Due to the large amount of information and the channels through which it is disseminated and the increasingly fragmented media audiences, the influence of the media on contemporary democratic societies has changed significantly compared to the influence of the mass media in the 20th century. Differences in media representations of social reality, the dispersion of their authors, the number of publications and their reach, as well as the conditioned interpretations of media audiences, have led to the so-called post-truth media constructions of reality, also one of the key features of the 21st century. In this paper, the authors provide an overview of theories about media audiences and generations that have been developed within the communication sciences. They specifically focus on the contemporary trends that have affected the disappearance of the mass audience due to its intense fragmentation as a result of the technology change, and at the end of the paper, they highlight the social changes that arise as a result of the aforementioned processes.

Given the fact that in today's world are more and more different types of violence, this paper deals with individual features of violent crime offenders. The results presented in this paper are part of the scientific research project entitled Croatian Violence Monitor – A Study of the Phenomenology, Etiology, and Prosecution of Delinquent Violence with a Focus on Protecting Particularly Vulnerable Groups of Victims. Secondary data sources were used for the research sample, namely collected court cases of violent crimes committed on the territory of the Republic of Croatia. The objective of the paper was to obtain better insight into certain individual features of violent crime offenders regarding the relationship between the offender and the victim, the offender's marital status at the time of the crime, the offender's parenthood, the offender's disability, the risk of belonging to a particular group, the offender's monthly income, the offender's level of education and the offender's employment at the time of the crime. The specific objective of the paper was to establish the differences in analyzed features considering the offender’s sex. From the point of view of practice, this paper provides certain feedback to experts from various professions who deal with the issue of violence. The analyzed data showed that most offenders of both sexes completed secondary school lasting up to three years (male sex - 65%; female sex - 54.4%), so these data are extremely important for experts in the educational system in terms of prevention of future acts of violence through additional education of students on the harmfulness and consequences of violence.

When Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina, it brought many social and cultural changes. One of them was suppressing the widespread culture of holding and carrying arms that existed in Ottoman Bosnia. Holding arms was still possible but under strict control. Firearm holders were, therefore, a very tiny, privileged group inside society. In this paper, we analyze the ethnic/religious and social structure of this group in the case of the Tuzla Circle in 1904. How large was this group? Were there differences along ethnic and social lines in terms of firearm holding rates? These are the key questions we are seeking answers to in this paper, with an aim to get the first insight into the broader picture of firearm holding in the entire province under the Monarchy’s control.

This paper examines early language learning (ELL) in Croatia, drawing context from broader European policies, recommendations, and research. It explores Croatia’s tradition, research, and practices in ELL within early childhood education and care institutions. The core analysis focuses on data from 2008 to 2023, examining foreign language programs in Croatian kindergartens (KGs). This includes the number of KGs offering programs, the languages available, and children’s participation. The research reveals a growing interest in early language exposure throughout Croatia. By analyzing trends over 14 years, the paper establishes how program offerings and participation rates have evolved. These findings offer valuable insights for educators, policymakers, and researchers in the field of ELL. Additionally, the research discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with implementing effective early language learning programs in Croatia.

Spirit Christology has resonated within Anglican, Protestant, and Catholic theology. This is due to several limits of the traditional approach based on the formula of Chalcedon which have been highlighted since the 18th century. Entangling Christology and Pneumatology is regarded a promising solution to the notorious problem of explaining the person of Jesus Christ. In this paper, both the intentions and the challenges of Spirit Christology are being displayed. An important aspect will be to differentiate between two types of Spirit Christology: first, attempts to deepen and enrich the understanding of the traditional approach, and second, attempts to replace it. In recent theological discourse, both views are being expressed.

This paper presents the thematologic interpretation of three novels written by Jasmina Musabegović, Skretnice, Most, and Žene, glasovi, highlighting Mostar as the author's continuous motif. The theoretical starting points are the acquisitions of the post-structural spatial turn, constructivism, women's writing, cultural memory, semiotics of space, ‘hybrid phenomenology’, and stylistics. Such an inclusivist inter-method approach dispelled formalist prejudices according to thematology, providing arguments for the representation of Mostar within the Foucaultian category of heterotopia. The interpretation of a spatial phenomenon, being Mostar in Jasmina Musabegović's novels, guided this multigenerational family trilogy in a three-stage projection encompassing the periods of human life: childhood – maturity – the third age.

The paper analyzes the novel Most and the essay Iskaz poneblja written on the occasion of the novel Grozdana's giggle by Hamza Hume from Jasmina Musabegović's oeuvre. In these texts, the writer expressed her attachment to the South - Herzegovina, Mostar and Stari Most. With that, she joined the poets of the "city poetry" of Mostar, who promoted it as our most sung city. The heroine/writer self-expresses female subjectivity in the manner of female writing. Reminiscences and associations of the experience of luxuriant nature, the wild Neretva, the bridge's arch and white stone buildings, as well as the architecture and culture of mahal life and the cultural identity of the people and the city emerge.

Women at the crossroads of worlds: gender dynamics and strategies in Jasmina Musabegovic's novels The paper examines various aspects of women's lives “at the crossroads of worlds” exploring the complex dimensions of their experiences, identities, and role in different social, cultural, and geopolitical contexts. Analysis of gender implications often involves a combination of different theoretical approaches to gain a more complete understanding of how society shapes and reflects gender roles and identities. In the novels by Jasmina Musabegović Skretnice (1986), Most (1994), and Žene. Glasovi. (2005) From the disposition of contemporary feminist epistemology, we (re)interpret the position of a woman who is in a relationship (with someone), and not exclusively in the socially constructed role of an object. By reflecting, on the analyzed novels, women's experiences, gender dynamics, and gender-specific issues through the prism of different feminist perspectives and feminist theoretical practices, we realized that women in traditional societies also developed different strategies that enabled survival, adaptation, and partial coping with the limitations of patriarchal structures. These strategies varied depending on the culture, period, and social context.

Starting from the hypothesis that the wars of the 20th century are realized as key factors of cultural identification on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina and that the category of gender conditions distinctive features of cultural identity within a cultural community, the paper problematizes the narrative construction of female cultural identity in the novels Skretnice and Žene. Glasovi of Jasmina Musabegović. Based on cultural research on identity issues, the work shows that the narrative construction of cultural memory in Jasmine Musabegović's novels is dominantly linked to the intimacy of the (lost!) home and family life and that the cultural identity of the central female characters is doubly coded: on the one hand, it is determined by the patriarchal tradition, and, on the other hand, by the collective traumas of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th century, in the foreground of which there are wars as key factors of cultural-identity de(con)struction.

This paper explores the two key features of Jasminina Musabegović's style – sensuousness and intermediality. These two features can be regarded as stylistic dominants in the works of this writer, essayist, critic, and editor, where orientation on language is always strongly present. Intermediality is in some cases realized as ekphrasis (verbal representation of a visual work of art, i.e. a painting, photograph, piece of architecture), whereas in other cases verbal devices create filmicity. so that some of the scenes in her novels look like movie frames. It is argued that there exists unity of style in all works of this author, whereby her novels contain elements of essays and other genres, and lyricism and sensuousness occupy a central place in all her texts.

The paper analyses the essayistic discourse of Jasmina Musabegović with a focus on her second and last book of such procédé, Naličje historije (The Reverse Side of History) (1999), without neglecting her early essayistic work compiled in her first book of essays, The Secret and the Meaning of a Literary Work (1977). Since the literary criticism and essayistic work of this author, on the one hand, and her literary and artistic work, on the other, are closely related and interwoven with seemingly contradictory but identical ideologemes, for a more complete insight, her micro-essays that make up fabric of her novels are occasionally taken into consideration in the analysis. The conclusion reached shows that the author’s later literary critique essays, i.e. those that the author wrote during and after the recent war, where the intimate intertwines with the universal and meets a multitude of opposing pairs as well as occasional paroxysms conditioned by a change in life experience, represent a specific, fluid essayistic discourse that can be characterized by the newly coined phrase “women’s essay”.

The main subject of this paper is the lexical-semantic classification of water-related lexicon in the novel Most (Bridge) by Jasmina Musabegović. We will explain the stylistic expressiveness of selected water-related lexemes, as well as the way the author constructs her identity and the identities of her characters through the conceptualization of the experience of water. The water lexics are analysed as dominant in relation to other types of words and classified into eleven lexical-semantic fields. Total of 79 water nouns have been registered. As expected, the most common water-related lexemes are ‘voda’ and ‘most’. Three water nouns are described: voda, most and tihanj, and it is concluded that lexeme ‘water’ has an associative and symbolic role; lexeme ‘most’, as a strong position of the text, since it is also a title of the novel, represents change, a path and growing up. The nonce word tihanj has a specific cultural and linguistic meaning in the context of the novel.

So Hot Was the Cannon by Vladimir Kecmanović received a lot of attention immediately after publication. Since it thematizes the siege of Sarajevo, along with the main character, a boy – a mute witness and narrator, upon a superficial reading of the text, it may appear as a novel that opens up space for confronting the past. A closer reading, along with unraveling the narrative strategies, reveals a revisionist picture of the siege of Sarajevo from 1992-1996. Thus, the characters are flat, without contradictions, often reduced to a collective identity. The plot, although some of the critics claimed the opposite, is sharply polarized among different collective ethnically distributed actants in the novel, and the whole story in general functions as a specific structural chiasm regarding aggressor – victim relation. The development of the plot is entirely subordinated to the creation of this effect, just like the distribution of dialogue, i.e. the speech of the characters. This paper aims to investigate some of the narrative strategies that contribute to this effect while highlighting the ideologically motivated stereotypes that form the basis of the narrative and the production of inverse images of the siege of Sarajevo.

The Bosnian and Bosniak writer Jasmina Musabegović (1941-2023) is known to the cultural public of Bosnia and Herzegovina for her novels, essays, and translations from the French language. It is less known, however, that a small collection of lullabies in the Bosnian language is also attributed to Musabegović's research and writing work. The aforementioned collection was published by BZK „Preporod“(Bosniaks' Cultural Society „Preporod“) in 1997 in Sarajevo, with the editorial supervision of literary historian and folklorist Munib Maglajlić. In this paper, the aforementioned collection of writer Jasmina Musabegović will be presented through a thematic analysis of selected poems on a literary-poetic level, and then it will go into the broader context of the overall work of the collected folk lullabies among the Bosniaks so far. The most frequent themes and motifs also will be reviewed within the entire corpus related to that material. With this approach, we tried to draw attention to Musabegović's cultural contribution, which, apart from her literary work, was also reflected in her collection of folk wisdom.

The paper presents the abbreviations used in SMS messages in the Bosnian language. Abbreviations recorded in the analyzed corpus are diverse in origin, shortening mechanisms, and morphological and syntactic features. Recognized abbreviations are first classified according to the type of shortened units – into abbreviations formed from words (nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numbers, verbs, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles) and abbreviations formed from groups of words, sentences, or utterances. Within the classes defined in that way, abbreviations are divided about the mechanism of shortening and described. Abbreviations in SMS messages are in some cases formed by the norms of the standard language but usually deviate from the standard forms. The same words and constructions can be abbreviated in several different ways, and abbreviations most often vary in terms of the use of upper and lower case letters as well as the writing or omission of a period at the end. Abbreviations are most often created by final elision, i.e. by omitting the end of the word and reducing the word to the beginning. They are also created by reducing the word to the first letter and some other meaningful letters inside the word or at the end of the word. In the corpus, not a single word of the Bosnian language was found in which numbers and letters are used as logograms or are incorporated into larger expressions that are read as rebuses. A particularly interesting phenomenon in shortening is the unmotivated multiplication of graphemes at the end of some abbreviations. A significant number of abbreviations created by dropping vowels and some consonants or reducing them to only some consonants are confirmed in the corpus.

Although Dylan Thomas and his poem ”Vision and Prayer” (1944) are usually not attributed to a specific kind of visual/concrete or ”shaped poetry,” his highly enigmatic and daring poetical articulation displays some interesting typographical features that can qualify him to be included in the label. It is a unique experiment of a kind mainly because of its two distinct geometric shapes, i.e. diamond and hourglass, within the two equal Parts, with six stanzas in each one of them. These shapes create a kind of “mystical geometry,” since they differ both in their pictorial presentation and the content matter. The paper tried to follow various attempts in English literature that might have served as a source of inspiration for Thomas in the works of George Herbert, Sir Thomas Browne, and W.B. Yeats. It also presents previous critical interpretations that revolved mainly around the themes of birth, death, and re-birth Resurrection of Jesus Christ, since religious imagery and poetic language seem to invite such an approach (Tindall, Burdette, Kidder, Bauer). However, a combination of Derridean deconstruction/restructuring and computer-assisted pictorial manipulation of the text produced yet an interesting experiment in analysis, having brought together all the stanzas into a ‘grand diamond’ shape. The newly reshaped version of the ‘poem’ opened up possibilities for interpretation while pointing out the central geometric shapes that emerged in the process.

In Turkish society, feminism in themes of women’s emancipation and women’s rights began to develop more intensively in literary and artistic creativity in the second half of the 20th century and continues to varying degrees until today. In addition to literary works, sociological studies, and various forms of artistic creativity expressing feminist content, a unique example of a specific female expression appeared in a specialized dictionary of female jargon. The subject of this paper is the lexicographic and literary analysis of social contribution of the author Filiz Bingolče who devoted a significant part of her work to pointing out the position of Turkish women in a traditional society, which requires them to be humble and obedient wives and mothers, which represents a challenge for new generations of young women who are living in a time of accelerated scientific and technological developments while at the same time trying to find their place as respected individuals in society. Using the method of analyzing the selected corpus of the author’s significant work, which consists of the “Dictionary of Feminine Jargon” and “Threnody of Murdered Women”, our goal is to present to the scientific public the author’s feminist struggle and her contribution to the understanding of the intimate and hidden female being in a traditionally male environment. We can conclude that according to Turkish women, even in the modern era, the constraints of traditions cannot be easily unchained and that the battle for equal existence continues both on a wider social scale and in the individual context of women as individuals.

The paper deals with the psychoanalytical approach to dreams and the unconscious in three short stories by the Turkish author Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar. Insight into the nature of the human psyche and language as a medium of expression will be based on the works of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan. The psychoanalytical literature that we will use in this research will represent the fundamental theoretical basis on which we will try to valorize the above-mentioned stories. As part of the reading of the short stories The Owner of The House, Summer Night and Train Journey by the Turkish author Ahmed Hamdi Tanpınar, the emphasis will be on elements such as time, the past, dreams, the unconscious, the other or the personal history of the characters about the world they build within themselves. The identity crises experienced by the protagonists of the analyzed stories have their roots in childhood traumas, and dreams represent the key to uncovering the unconscious. By applying Freud's psychoanalysis to the text, they tried to reveal the symptoms of the text and the unconscious mechanisms whose meaning is hidden in images, symbols, and metaphors. In his short stories, we find the story of the collapse of the inner world of the hero, of their escape from reality and continuous search, while the subject(s) of the text itself is constructed through its past, or more precisely, it is defined by a complex of events and people from the past.

This paper discusses the immediate consequences that the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) had on the societies in the South Slavic lands of Austria-Hungary. It represents an attempt to summarize the previous results of research on various issues related to the consequences of the Balkan Wars in these lands individually. The focus was on finding common characteristics, as well as peculiarities regarding the impact of the wars on societies in the Slavic south of the Monarchy. In this sense, the focus of attention was on the national question, the political scene, the way of governing, and the economy. It stands out that the Balkan Wars were the spark that ignited the flame of nationalism in the south of the Monarchy, within the framework of the Yugoslav question. Foreshadowing a new era, these wars were for some an indication of the inevitability of reforming the Monarchy in a direction that would ensure a more favourable position for its Yugoslavs, and for others even an indication of its imminent destruction and Yugoslav unification on a broader basis. At the same time, the wars caused new or deepened existing crises in the lands to the south of the Monarchy, serving as an excuse for its authorities to introduce emergency measures or tighten existing restrictions. While in most of the South Slavic lands, the Austro-Hungarian government faced the united front of those forces that openly expressed their support for the Balkan allies, in Bosnia it greatly benefited from the growing political rift between the two dominant national communities and their political representatives. The wars left negative economic consequences in all lands, and by creating new circumstances, they enabled a different approach to solving the agrarian issue in Bosnia.

The paper describes the continuous attacks on the socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its political leadership during the eighties of the last century. The destabilization of the B&H communist leadership was conducted from the power centers in Belgrade - primarily from the intellectual centers and through the media. The leadership of this republic is described as extremely repressive, and Bosnia and Herzegovina is the so-called dark province, in which intellectual creativity and any criticism of the system and government is prohibited. At that time, Yugoslavia was in an extremely unfavorable economic position, but in the Serbian media, BiH was presented as an exception compared to most other republics in the Federation. In addition, BiH was presented as a non-national republic, and there were frequent stereotypes and negative content about Muslims, who were the majority people of this republic. Numerous events were turned into affairs, which weakened the leadership and destroyed the Bosnian society.

Starting from the belief that the interaction and connection between people, on which the relationship between the family and the school is based, is a value for itself, from the specific aspect of the theory of social capital, the cooperation between the family and the school is viewed. The paper aims to describe the cooperation between family and school as a form of social capital, i.e. as a resource that contributes to the educational achievements of students. Representation and outcomes of social capital in the education field are analyzed from different points of view. Different levels of social capital analysis potentially lead to implications for the improvement of family-school cooperation operationalized by different activities of parental involvement in children's education by (in)equality of family resources and context.

Diplomacy in the conditions of aggression represented a painstaking multi-layered job, which was not easily implemented. The development of Bosnia and Herzegovina’s diplomacy should be observed immediately before the declaration of independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in March 1992, because significant events took place a year earlier that would to a certain extent affect the recognition of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an independent state, as well as the international positioning of this country due to the war period. Although official Bosnian diplomacy can only be spoken of after the recognition of the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the establishment of competent state institutions, the year 1991 was extremely important, because the lobbying carried out by Bosnian politicians at the time on the international level, both in the West and in the East, was of great importance. importance, which certain international leaders confirmed when recognizing the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina or establishing official diplomatic relations in the first months of 1992. Immediately before the holding of the Referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Government of the SR of Bosnia and Herzegovina had intensive contacts with officials from outside the then Yugoslavia, which was a kind of prerequisite for the later establishment of official diplomatic relations. The aim of the paper is to present the key events that were of great importance in the establishment of diplomatic contacts of Bosnian officials with the rest of the world, to clarify how Bosnian diplomacy developed in the conditions of aggression against the independent Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Property disputes between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia are a reality that burdens the entirety of international diplomatic relations between two neighboring countries of the same subregion. After the dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), numerous issues arose, of which property rights are among the most important. The republics of the former SFRY, as well as natural and legal persons, had their property in the entire territory of Yugoslavia, so it was necessary to adequately protect the existing rights. In this regard, in 2001, the Successor States of the SFRY concluded the Agreement on Succession, in which they agreed on movable and immovable property through seven Annexes. Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) started from the view that the comprehensive implementation of the Succession Agreement is the basis of permanent, stable, and friendly relations between the Contracting States and took all that was necessary to return the property claimed by the Successor States. However, the Republic of Croatia did not return the property in the way that Bosnia and Herzegovina did, and the first country started to violate the aforementioned multilateral international agreement. Given that the Agreement on Succession does not offer adequate solutions for the peaceful settlement of international disputes between the Contracting Parties, the paper analyzes the possibility of settlement of said disputes based on investment arbitration, which as a model for the settlement of international disputes is not an instrument used by individuals and legal entities from BiH into a sufficient extent. Equally, in this light, we explore the legal possibilities of the concluded Agreement on the Promotion and Protection of Investments between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Croatia (bilateral investment treaty) and present the future of investment arbitration from the perspective of the European Union.

Starting from conceptual definitions and theoretical framework of the research problem, this paper offers the findings of empirical non-experimental research on the global and fragmented approach: a) assessment of the representation of (innovative) models of class teaching within the university repository of defended doctoral dissertations in the Republic of Serbia, and b) assessment of the innovative characteristics of selected doctoral dissertations through the analysis of reports from professional committees evaluating completed doctoral dissertations. All 109 PhD dissertations defended at Serbia’s six state faculties of teacher education between 2005 and 2022 are included in the overall sample. The second component of the research specifies a fragmented or deliberate/ stratified sample that consists of 36 defended PhD dissertations and 36 evaluation reports for the approval of PhD dissertations that inherently include novel teaching models. Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis were used in the research. The units of analysis include: the title of the defended doctoral dissertation, keywords presented in the doctoral thesis (quantitative analysis), and the content of the Evaluation Report of the doctoral dissertation, specifically the segment on scientific contribution (qualitative analysis). Based on the analysis of dissertation titles and keywords, it was found that one-third of doctoral dissertations focus on research in the field of (innovative) teaching models. The analysis revealed that not all models are equally represented in different subject methodologies of class teaching, nor within individual methodologies. Content analysis showed that the selected theses are dedicated to the specified problem, they support the issue of the innovation of the teaching process and indicate that there is room for innovation in the teaching process in a creative sense. Future PhD dissertations with a thematic focus on innovative teaching models should be directed towards the affirmation of research on different work models (of the entire corpus) in subject methodologies, the synthesis of innovative teaching models within the same methodology of class teaching, exploration of learning material most suitable for implementing a specific innovative work model within various methodologies of class teaching...

This paper reviews the research of learning in students throught socio-demographic determinants of academic motivation. The goal of this research was to determine statistically significant differences in some dimensions of academic motivation (internal motivation, external motivation and amotivation) in students in relation to variables from the socio-demographic domain (sex, age and education level of the respondents). The sample was apparent, 1711 respondents from four countries: Slovakia, Czechia, Serbia and Poland which are involved in some of the levels of formal education, from undergraduate, to doctorate. Respondents of both sexes were included, 20.7% were male, while 79.3% were female, ages ranging from 18 to 61 years (AS=25.4). The results of this study show that there are significant differences in the dimensions of academic motivation in relation to age, sex and education level of the respondents. This research has shown that internal motivation is less developed in younger age groups and those of lower educational levels. The results showed a relatively balanced relationship between internal and external motivation in women, which is not the case with men.

Multimedia technologies, encompassing images, animations, and sounds, offer innovative possibilities for preschool educators, particularly in the context of presenting mathematical content and fostering children's mathematical cognition. This study is driven by a dual objective: firstly, to formulate a GeoGebra-based model for the assimilation of fundamental mathematical concepts related to numbers and sets; secondly, to execute this model in practical educational settings. The research conducted for this paper spanned five years (2018-2023) as part of a comprehensive five-year project, comprising three distinct phases, each featuring specialized workshops. A cohort of 380 preschool teachers completed GeoGebra training, which was followed by the integration of the proposed model into the educational curriculum across preschool institutions in two districts within the Republic of Serbia. Preschool educators independently implemented two activities aligned with their project themes. The study's findings emphasize the effectiveness of implementing an interactive project-based learning approach in preschool settings, where well-integrated GeoGebra applets, particularly when harmonized with activities involving physical and tangible elements, can yield positive outcomes.

Creating video games is a complex process that can be tracked in stages, requiring compliance with platform-specific requirements, content, visual elements, characters, and the existence of interaction among them. In this context, there is increasing talk about gamification to strengthen user engagement, motivation, and communication. The popularity of video games as a broader social phenomenon sparks divided public opinions, and media reporting has a significant impact on it. Framing a particular topic in a negative or positive tone contributes to the perception of events, individuals, or processes as threats or opportunities, potentially leading to calls for increased regulation. This paper aims to analyze media coverage of video games and to investigate how it affects public opinion and understanding of the game industry, using a combined methodology. Analysis of the content of media coverage on selected foreign and Croatian online portals that deal with technology, as well as Croatian newspaper portals that have special gaming sections, showed a difference in the approach to reporting. Foreign media portals have shown exceptional commitment to collecting information about upcoming games and monitoring economic, industry changes, and player opinions, while domestic ones are focused on innovations within the Croatian gaming scene. The emphasis is on promoting and showcasing local talent and progress in the country's gaming industry. At the same time, the results of the survey showed that the majority of participants are familiar with the gaming industry and actively participate in it. Furthermore, although they follow media reports and reviews about video games, it still does not significantly influence their decision to purchase a video game. Finally, most participants feel that politics and social agendas are not desirable in video games.

This paper aims to find out the attitudes and perceptions of civil engineering students about the importance of professional communication and their current and future competencies. In addition, this work aims to investigate their interest in courses on communication skills. For this research, a quantitative research method was used - an online survey. The research sample consists of 109 students of all years of undergraduate and graduate studies in Civil Engineering at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Geodesy in Split. The work is based on three hypotheses that were tested with non-parametric statistical tests after the research was carried out. The results of the research rejected the first hypothesis that students of higher years of civil engineering studies consider professional communication skills more important for work in industry compared to students of lower years of studies. Furthermore, this research determined that there is a statistically significant correlation between the ratings of the importance of professional communication among civil engineering students and the ratings of their communication skills and that there is a statistically significant correlation between civil engineering students who show a preference for communication skills and interest in attending courses in the field of communication.

This paper aims to determine the relationship of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina about quality in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution. Quality management in social protection institutions systematically, which implies establishing a quality management system, would contribute to fulfilling their function, reflected in better satisfaction of overall user needs, increased user satisfaction, and societal satisfaction as a whole. In this study, we employed methods such as document content analysis and examination. For data collection, a specialized instrument in the form of a survey questionnaire comprising indicators of goals and processes with three new scales was devised. We applied scaling techniques in collecting data from respondents, employees of social work centers, and relevant non-governmental organizations. Hypothesis testing employed sorting techniques and statistical data processing. The research results showed that the management of social protection institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina is sufficiently oriented towards quality management in the segment of establishing goals and processes within the institution, with evident differences in the perception of quality management according to goals and processes relative to the educational status of employees.

Hans Seybolt was a monastery scribe from Lower Bavaria who lived in the second half of the 15th century. In 1476, he attended the wedding between the Hungarian king Matthias Corvinus and the Neapolitan princess Beatrix as an envoy of the count of the Palatinate. He left a detailed report about that event, which is preserved as a transcript in the only copy that is in the State Library of Bavaria under the signature Cgm 331. Seybolt's report also contains brief information about the Bosnian king Nicholas of Ilok and his son Lawrence, which are the subject of this paper's analysis.

During the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992-1995, the special library of the Oriental Institute was destroyed. A significant contribution in the process of restoration and replenishment of the library fund in the post-war period was made by the Hamid Hadžibegić’s personal library, which arrived as a gift at the Oriental Institute in 2001. The library has over 1,000 publications that belonged to this established scientist and researcher of the past of Bosnia and Herzegovina, whose basic research had a strong influence in the scientific universe of Ottoman history researchers. This paper presents the dedications of colleagues and friends in his books and journals as cultural reminders and documentary records that, with their structure, text, dating and signature, represent a source of significant information about the life and work of this scientist.

The knowledge we have about language and first language acquisition would not have been unveiled in the absence of previous efforts in collecting language data, e.g., recording the spontaneous interactions between children and adults. The CHILDES database (MacWhinney, 2000) gathers child speech in many of the world’s languages, including Croatian (documented in Kovačević’s 2002 corpus). In this paper, we describe the construction of MaLi, a corpus documenting the language productions of two bilingual children acquiring Croatian and Italian simultaneously. After a short survey of the methods used in collecting child language data with special regard to diary notes and audio recordings, we discuss the background and the details of the data collected in MaLi: we provide an overview of the sociolinguistic context of bilingual first language acquisition of the children observed and a description of the structure of the corpus. We first devote our attention to the data collection, management, and coding of the diary notes. Afterwards, we examine the collection and elaboration of the audio recordings and their ongoing transcription. In our concluding remarks, we offer a short assessment of the advantages and limits of the corpus along with a survey of the future possibilities for the use of this resource.

Although teacher competencies are acquired during initial training in faculties of education, among which methodological competencies have a special place, many teachers are not trained to work with students with specific learning difficulties and do not know how to deal with them in the classroom. Research on specific learning difficulties has begun recently as the symptoms of such students have been gradually explored and efforts have been made to adapt teaching methods to each student. The purpose of this paper is to explain the specific learning difficulties - dyslexia and dysgraphia - and to describe the ways in which teachers can work with students who suffer from these difficulties. A survey was conducted to investigate how Croatian language teachers adapt their work to students with reading and writing difficulties. The teachers’ awareness of the students’ difficulties, the way they prepare teaching materials, the use of teaching methods when working with these students, the way they give work instructions, the way they check their knowledge, and effective examples of teaching students with specific reading and writ- ing difficulties were investigated. The sample included 40 Croatian language teachers at primary and secondary level of education. The results are generally satisfactory, and it can be said that teachers’ handling of students with these difficulties in teaching language expression is good, although additional training could improve the quality.