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Objective: To explore the application of COVID-19-specific IgG antibody in identifying epidemic Omicron BA.5 strain infection. Method: Omicron BF.7/BA.5 naturally infected population, healthy population vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine, and Omicron BF.7/BA.5 breakthrough cases were enrolled into this study. The serum WT-S-IgG and BA.5-S-IgG were detected by indirect ELISA, and the serum-specific IgG antibody levels of different populations were compared. The application value of the two antibody titers and the ratio of the two antibodies in identifying Omicron BA.5 epidemic strain infection were explored by the ROC curve, aiming to provide technical support for pathogen diagnosis. Results: The antibody titers of WT-S-IgG and BA.5-S-IgG in the breakthrough cases were higher than those in the naturally infected population and the healthy population ( P <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of WT-S-IgG and BA.5-S-IgG in identifying epidemic Omicron BA.5 strain infection was 0.947 and 0.961, respectively. The AUC of BA.5-S-IgG and WT-S-IgG antibody titer ratio was 0.873. When the antibody titer ratio was 0.855, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.00% and 90.00%, respectively. According to the interval since the last infection, the AUC of the ratio of BA.5-S-IgG to WT-S-IgG antibody titer to identify the infection of epidemic strains less than 30 days and more than 30 days was 0.887 and 0.863, respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were both above 80%. Conclusion: Both BA.5-S-IgG and WT-S-IgG, as well as the combination of these two antibodies, are of high value in the identification of epidemic strains.

This study employed the methods of serum chemistry, in vivo drug distribution analysis, and network pharmacology to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Bufei Pills on respiratory disorders and decipher the underlying mechanisms. For the in vivo distribution study, rats were administrated with Bufei Pills, and the absorbed components were analyzed by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The results showed that 56 components were present in the rat serum, including neocyclomorusin, asterinin A, neoisostegane, goimisin R, and frehmaglutoside H. These components were absorbed orally into the blood and distributed in various organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and pancreas as well as in the cerebrospinal fluid. The network pharmacological analysis identified 81 core targets such as ALB, IL6, AKT1, TNF, EGFR, ESR1, JUN, and HSP90AA1. These targets were involved in signaling pathways such as PI3K-AKT, MAPK, VEGFA, and AGE-RAGE. These findings suggested that Bufei Pills might be effective in treating respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia as well as COPD complications such as diabetes and depression by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolism, and immune function via the targets. In addition, Bufei Pills play a role in alleviating the shortness of breath, fatigue, and bodily pain during the recovery stage of COVID-19. Further research and development are needed to fully evaluate the potential of Bufei Pills.

Objective: To comprehensively understand the COVID-19 vaccination and infection status among patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc)., Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with SSc who were hospitalized in the Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Peking University People' s Hospital from January 2016 to March 2023. We collected detailed clinical cha-racteristics, vaccination status, and infection details through a systematic review of medical records and telephone follow-ups with the SSc patients., Results: Out of 236 identified patients, 99 SSc patients participated in the follow-up. This cohort included 41 patients with limited SSc, 28 with diffuse SSc, and 30 with SSc overlap syndromes. Treatments varied, with glucocorticoids administered to 57.58% of patients, immunosuppressants to 56.57%, biologic agents to 7.07%, and small molecule targeted therapies to 6.06%. Notably, 49 patients had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Between November 2022 and March 2023, a total of 81 patients contracted COVID-19. The infection rate among those who received three doses or more (19/29, 65.5%) was significantly lower compared with unvaccinated patients (45/50, 90.0%, P =0.007). Fourteen of these patients required hospitalization due to COVID-19. Furthermore, 26 patients reported exacerbation of SSc symptoms post-infection, which included severe manifestations, such as Raynaud phenomenon, skin lesions, fingertip ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, and interstitial lung disease. Compared with healthy cohabitants, the SSc patients exhibited more severe symptoms following COVID-19, including fever (36.71%) and fatigue (35.44%). Multivariate regression analysis identified subcutaneous calcinosis ( OR =7.713, 95% CI : 1.142-45.051) and positivity for anti-centromere antibodies ( OR =9.210, 95% CI : 1.211-70.028) as independent risk factors for hospitalization due to COVID-19., Conclusion: Vaccination is both effective and safe in preventing COVID-19 among SSc patients. Additionally, it underscores that these patients experience exacerbation of their underlying disease and more severe COVID-19 symptoms compared with individuals without underlying conditions. Thus, proactive prevention, continuous monitoring, and early treatment of COVID-19 are of significant importance for the health and well-being of SSc patients. Timely interventions can help mitigate the impact of infections and improve overall patient outcomes.

BACKGROUND : Following the short-term outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2022 in China, clinical data on kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with COVID-19 are lacking. METHODS : We conducted a single-center retrospective study to describe the clinical features, complications, and mortality rates of hospitalized KTRs infected with COVID-19 between Dec. 16, 2022 and Jan. 31, 2023. The patients were followed up until Mar. 31, 2023. RESULTS : A total of 324 KTRs with COVID-19 were included. The median age was 49 years. The median time between the onset of symptoms and admission was 13 d. Molnupiravir, azvudine, and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir were administered to 67 (20.7%), 11 (3.4%), and 148 (45.7%) patients, respectively. Twenty-nine (9.0%) patients were treated with more than one antiviral agent. Forty-eight (14.8%) patients were treated with tocilizumab and 53 (16.4%) patients received baricitinib therapy. The acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 81 (25.0%) patients and 39 (12.0%) patients were admitted to intensive care units. Fungal infections were observed in 55 (17.0%) patients. Fifty (15.4%) patients lost their graft. The 28-d mortality rate of patients was 9.0% and 42 (13.0%) patients died by the end of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that cerebrovascular disease, AKI incidence, interleukin (IL)‍-6 level of >6.8 pg/mL, daily dose of corticosteroids of >50 mg, and fungal infection were all associated with an increased risk of death for hospitalized patients. CONCLUSIONS : Our findings demonstrate that hospitalized KTRs with COVID-19 are at high risk of mortality. The administration of immunomodulators or the late application of antiviral drugs does not improve patient survival, while higher doses of corticosteroids may increase the death risk.

Objective: To analyze the clinical features of COVID-19 infection in hospitalized immunocompromised patients in comparison with immunocompetent patients. Methods: A single-center retrospective observational study was conducted on 213 inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Peking University People's Hospital between December 2022 and October 2023. They were divided into an immunocompromised group (102 patients, 47.9%) and an immunocompetent group(111 patients, 52.1%), and clinical data were compared between the two groups. The immunocompromised group was further divided into death group (18 cases, 17.6%) and non-death group (84 cases, 82.4%). The differences in laboratory examination findings were compared. Further analysis was performed on the lymphocyte subset differences between the death group(10 patients, 9.8%) and the non-death group (36 patients, 35.3%) with complete data. Results: The proportion of severe and critical cases and the mortality rate, were significantly higher in the immunocompromised group than the immunocompetent group (47.1% vs . 40.5%, 18.6% vs . 9.0%, 17.6% vs . 9.0%, P< 0.05). The immunocompromised group had lower vaccination rate (26.5% vs . 44.1%, P <0.05). Hypertension, kidney disease and infections were more common in the immunocompromised group (63.7% vs . 48.6%, 30.4% vs . 9.0%, 49.0% vs . 19.8%, all P <0.05). CT findings of consolidation (40.2% vs . 18.9%), rate of antiviral treatment (48.0% vs . 30.6%) and the positive duration of viral nucleic acid [median 14(7.0, 19.3) days vs . 9(7.0, 18.0) days] were higher in the immunocomprised group (all P <0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and ferritin were higher in the immunocompromised group than those in the immunocompetent group (all P <0.05). In the death group, neutrophils (NEU), C-reactive protein (CRP), PCT, IL-6, ferritin and D-dimer were higher, while lymphocytes (LY), CD4 + T-cells, CD8 + T-cells, B-cell counts and hemoglobin (HGB) were significantly lower than those in the non-death group (all P <0.05). Conclusions: More than 60% of patients in the immunocompromised group were classified as severe or critical type, with a higher mortality rate and decreased ability to clear severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Decreases in total lymphocytes, CD4 + T lymphocytes, CD8 + T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes, along with elevated levels of procalcitonin, ferritin, and D-dimer, indicated poor prognosis.

At present, the world has entered the normalization stage of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management. COVID-19 continues to affect patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for a long period. The author discussed the possible effect of COVID-19 on HSCT strategy and prognosis during this period based on literature reports. Transplantation should be deferred until clinical resolution and negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 before transplantation. Donors infected with SARS-CoV-2 during the stem cell collection may not affect apheresis. Allo-HSCT recipients demonstrated a high rate of severe COVID-19 if COVID-19 occurred at the early stage of transplantation. Severe COVID-19 remains a risk factor for nonrelapse mortality and survival after transplantation. The association between COVID-19 and post-transplantation complications, such as other infections, endothelial injury-related complications, and relapse, needs to be further investigated in large samples.

Although COVID-19 no longer constitutes a "public health emergency of international concern", which still has being spreading around the world at a low level. Small molecule drugs are the main antiviral treatment for novel coronavirus recommended in China. Although a variety of small-molecule antiviral drugs against COVID-19 have been listed in China, there is no specific drug recommendation for special populations. Society of Bacterial Infection and Resistance of Chinese Medical Association, together with the National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, and the National Center for Respiratory Medicine, organized domestic experts in various fields such as respiratory, virology, infection, critical care, emergency medicine and pharmacy to release Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Oral Small-Molecule Antiviral Drugs against COVID-19. The main content of this consensus includes the introduction of seven small-molecule antiviral drugs against COVID-19, focusing on the drug recommendations for 14 special groups such as the elderly, patients with complicated chronic diseases, tumor patients, pregnant women, and children, and providing suggestions for clinicians to standardize drug use.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the infection status of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in healthy populations in China over the past decade and analyze the differences in CMV and EBV infection and related risk factors in healthy populations before and after the lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic control measures. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzes the CMV and EBV infection status of 8 827 healthy donors who underwent prehematopoietic stem cell transplantation screening at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2023. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors for CMV and EBV infection. Results: The CMV and EBV IgG positivity rates were 94.52% and 95.40% among the healthy donors, respectively, with no significant differences before and after the lifting of pandemic control measures (all P value>0.05). However, IgG antibody titers increased [CMV: (100.44±36.50) U/ml vs (109.98±36.31) U/ml, P <0.001; EBV: (281.57±226.79) U/ml vs (361.08±268.58) U/ml, P <0.001] after lifting the COVID-19 restrictions. However, the CMV IgM positivity rate remained unchanged. The EBV IgM positivity rate significantly increased after lifting measures (2.77% vs 6.29%, P <0.001), reaching 8.10% within 3 months. Further analysis of the factors affecting EBV IgM positivity revealed that gender ( OR =1.479, 95% CI 1.169-1.872, P =0.001), age[compared with the group younger than 18 years, the 18-50-year age group ( OR =0.584, 95% CI 0.421-0.820, P =0.002), the >50-year age group ( OR =0.389, 95% CI 0.248-0.610, P <0.001) ], and the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions ( OR =2.360, 95% CI 1.287-3.047, P <0.001) were independent factors influencing EBV IgM positivity in the general population. The EBV IgM positivity rate in individuals under 18 years old was not affected by gender or the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions when stratified by age group. Both genders ( OR =1.499, 95% CI 1.138 - 1.975, P =0.004) and the lifting of COVID-19 restrictions ( OR =2.608, 95% CI 1.940-3.507, P <0.001) were independent factors affecting EBV IgM positivity in the 18-50-year age group. The lifting of COVID-19 restrictions ( OR =2.222, 95% CI 1.101-4.484, P =0.026) was the sole independent factor affecting EBV IgM positivity in individuals over 50 years old. Conclusions: Previous infection rates of CMV and EBV are high in healthy populations in China, which increase with age. COVID-19 infection may increase EBV reactivation rates in healthy individuals, with a more pronounced effect on those aged >18 years.

During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccines help control the spread of infection. To date, 47 vaccines have been approved, with another 227 candidates in various stages of development. In the short period of time since the beginning of their use, evidence has begun to emerge of complications following vaccination in the form of the development or exacerbation of a number of pathological conditions (Block et al., 2022; Haseeb et al., 2022). For example, a population-based study in France identified 1612 cases of myocarditis and 1613 cases of pericarditis requiring hospital treatment within five months of vaccination (le Vu et al., 2022).

Objective: To investigate the vaccination status, characteristics and prognosis of patients suffering from a combination of COVID-19 and chronic lymphocytic anemia (CLL) in China. Methods: Clinical data of 328 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who were first diagnosed with COVID-19 and treated in the Department of Hematology of Jiangsu Provincial People's Hospital between November 2022 and February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analysis of data of patients with severe/critical COVID-19 were conducted by applying the binary logistic regression model. Results: The median age of the CLL patients was 60 (24-87) years. 23.5% (77/328) of these patients suffered from severe/critical COVID-19 infection. Univariate analysis of the data demonstrated that a combination of factors including age >67 years ( OR =2.15, 95% CI 1.24- 3.73, P =0.006), diabetes ( OR =2.09, 95% CI 1.05-4.20, P =0.037), chronic hepatitis B ( OR =2.91, 95% CI 1.30-6.51, P =0.010), CLL progressive ( OR =3.79, 95% CI 1.57-9.15, P =0.003) and CD20 antibody-based treatments within three months prior to the COVID-19 infection ( OR =2.79, 95% CI 1.35-5.77, P =0.006) were the risk factors for severe/critical COVID-19. According to the multivariate analysis, CLL progressive ( OR =2.98, 95% CI 1.10-8.10, P =0.033) was an independent risk factor for severe/critical COVID-19 and administration of the BTK (Bruton tyrosine kinase) inhibitor monotherapy might exert a protective effect and influence a positive outcome of the COVID-19 infection ( OR =0.38, 95% CI 0.16-0.90, P =0.028). Among the 242 patients who were followed up until October 2023, 9.1% (22/242) had multiple subsequent COVID-19 infections (≥3), and 2.1% (5/242) had persistent COVID-19 infections (patients with persistent positive test for the SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing until missing follow-up for any reason). The peak value of the anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG titres was observed between three and four months post symptom onset (median: 3.511 S/CO vs 1.047 S/CO, P <0.05). The levels of immunoglobulin A gradually decreased following infection with COVID-19, and its trough levels were attained between two to four weeks post infection (median: 0.30 g/L vs 0.74 g/L, P <0.05). According to this study the mortality of patients suffering from a combination of COVID-19 infection and CLL was 2.7% (9/328), and the main reason for their death was respiratory failure and heart failure. Conclusions: A low rate of COVID-19 vaccination and a high rate of severe/critical COVID-19 infection was observed in the CLL patients. CLL progressive was associated with severe/critical COVID-19. Anti-CD20-based treatments received within the past three months might be a risk factor for exacerbation of COVID-19 infection, whereas a monotherapy with BTK inhibitors exert a protective effect and improve outcome of COVID-19 infection.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with bloodletting therapy and Qingwen Xiere decoction in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients., Methods: A total of 100 mild to moderate COVID-19 patients collected from December 2022 to February 2023 were randomly divided into control and observation groups, with 50 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received oral Qingwen Xiere decoction for 6 days. The observation group received acupuncture combined with bloodletting therapy in addition to oral Qingwen Xiere decoction, with the acupuncture (at Kongzui ［LU6］, Hegu ［LI4］, Quchi ［LI11］, Feishu ［BL13］, Zhongwan ［CV12］, Qihai ［CV6］, Yinlingquan ［SP9］) administered 30 min each day for 6 days, and bloodletting (at Shaoshang ［LU11］, Shangyang ［LI1］, Dazhui ［GV14］) administered every other day for 3 times. Traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores and pulmonary CT scores were recorded before and after treatment. Serum contents of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA. Anxiety and depression degree were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). Safety of the treatments was evaluated in both groups., Results: Compared with before treatment, after treatment, the control group showed improvement in fever, dry cough, sore throat, and total traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores ( P <0.01), but no significant improvement in muscle pain or fatigue；the observation group showed significant improvement in total traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and individual symptoms scores ( P <0.01)；both groups demonstrated reductions in pulmonary CT scores, HAMA score, HAMD score and serum contents of CRP and IL-6 ( P <0.01)；serum TNF-α content significantly decreased in the observation group ( P <0.01). All outcome measures were superior in the observation group to the control group ( P <0.01, P <0.05). No adverse reactions were reported in either group., Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with bloodletting therapy and oral Qingwen Xiere decoction effectively improves clinical symptoms, alleviates pulmonary inflammatory injury, reduces inflammatory cytokine contents, and mitigates anxiety and depression in mild to moderate COVID-19 patients, and without adverse effects.

Healthcare systems must embody equity, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) and, in the event of unfairness, appropriate policies / countermeasures should be enacted. The healthcare system response to the COVID-19 pandemic not only highlighted how socioeconomic disparities affect mortality risk but also posed significant challenges to the successful practice of EDI in healthcare. In light of this, this article was written to provide an overview of EDI, analyze the international efforts to promote it, and suggest strategies for promoting EDI in infectious disease healthcare using COVID-19 as an example. In healthcare settings, equity centers on ensuring patients receive fair treatment regardless of race, gender, age, or socioeconomic status; diversity centers on healthcare providers understanding the uniqueness of patients from different cultural backgrounds and the health barriers they face; and inclusion centers on ensuring patients are treated with respect and given the attention they deserve. During pandemics, social determinants of health (SDOH) greatly impact patient health outcomes and hinder the practice of EDI. Reflecting on the impact of COVID-19, healthcare systems can actively apply EDI in clinical practice to provide to all patients equitable access to healthcare opportunities and outcomes. Practical strategies include establishing EDI committees within healthcare systems, monitoring relevant data, conducting staff training, and continuously addressing the SDOH and needs of marginalized groups to achieve EDI in healthcare.

Objective: To investigate the changes in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) characteristics before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included ACS patients who underwent PCI at the General Hospital of the Northern Theater Command from July 2018 to February 2023. Based on the timeline of the COVID-19 pandemic, patients were divided into two groups: the pre-pandemic group and the during-pandemic group, with January 2020 as the dividing line. Clinical data were collected from both groups, and a comparative analysis was performed on their postoperative CPET outcomes, including peak oxygen uptake (peak VO 2 ), peak metabolic equivalents (peak MET), and other indicators. Weber's classification was used to assess cardiac function. In addition, the 7-tiem generalized anxiety disorder scale (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess the patients' psychological anxiety and depression states, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of CPET after PCI. Results: A total of 4 310 post-PCI ACS patients were included, with an average age of (58.7±9.1) years, and 3 464 (80.37%) were male. There were 1 698 patients in the pre-pandemic group and 2 612 patients in the during-pandemic group. The main indicator of the CPET, peak VO 2 (15.04±3.93) ml·min -1 ·kg -1 in the during-pandemic group, was lower than that in the pre-pandemic group (15.52±3.68) ml·min -1 ·kg -1 , and the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that advanced age, female gender, high body mass index, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking history, history of myocardial infarction, more severe ACS classification, and mild to moderate degree of depression were related to poor cardiopulmonary outcomes ( P <0.05). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic had a negative impact on the cardiopulmonary outcomes of ACS patients after PCI. Reduced physical activity, and increased psychological stress should be given consideration and attention regarding their impact on patients' cardiopulmonary function.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions, which were implemented to curb the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), significantly modified the seasonal pattern of influenza. The intensity of influenza activity markedly decreased and B/Yamagata lineage was no longer detected. As the national influenza sentinel surveillance data shown, clear seasonal patterns were observed for influenza between 2012-2019, annually with an average of 14.57% of specimens tested positive for influenza virus. However, the seasonal pattern of influenza was disrupted after the outbreak of COVID-19. In the 2020-2021 season, influenza demonstrated an extremely low activity (yearly positivity rate<1.0%), followed by a resurgence of winter peak in the 2021-2022 season. Following the downgrade of management of COVID-19 to Class B in China in December 26, 2022, social activities gradually resumed, leading to the rebound of influenza activity with an out-of-season ciculation. After COVID-19 pademic, other respiratory infectious diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and mycoplasma pneumonia were alternatively or concurrently circulated with influenza. The prevention and control of influenza and other respiratory infectious diseases emphasizes a multi-disease prevention strategy, including long-term and continuous monitoring the epidemic trends in influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2, promoting influenza and COVID-19 vaccination among key populations, and strengthening the knowledge and public awareness of prevention and control for respiratory infectious diseases, etc.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We respectively enrolled ILA patients who had been regularly followed up in Peking Union Medical College Hospital for more than six months since January 2021. Clinical data of these ILA patients were collected after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic (from December 2022 to January 2023), thirty-eight patients with preexisting ILA were enrolled. Among them, there were 34 ILA patients (20 males and 14 females) who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during this period, with an average age of (64.0±8.8) years old (range: 41-80). There were 12 (35.3%) ILA patients who were suffered from COVID-19(pneumonia group) and others were the non-pneumonia group. The clinical characteristics, including vaccination status, features of COVID-19 and outcomes of the two groups were compared. Results: Regarding the subcategories of ILA, there were 7 cases of subpleural fibrotic ILA, 10 cases of subpleural non-fibrotic ILA, and 17 cases of non-subpleural ILA. Before SARS-CoV-2 infection, the average pulse oxygen saturation at rest was (97.38±0.87)% (range: 96%-99%); average forced vital capacity (FVC) was (97.6±18.1)% predicted (range: 65%-132%); and average diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (D L CO) was (76.2±16.3)% predicted (range: 53%-108%). Nineteen patients had been vaccinated with 3 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and 5 of them developed COVID-19. One patient had received one dose of vaccine and did not develop COVID-19. The other 14 patients had not been vaccinated, and seven of them developed COVID-19. Of the 12 patients with COVID-19, six were diagnosed with severe COVID-19, and the other 6 ILA patients were diagnosed with moderate COVID-19. Among them, 1 patient was complicated by deep vein thrombosis of left lower limb. All 6 patients with severe COVID-19 who were cured after systemic corticosteroids. As for the other six moderate COVID-19 patients, all were cured and/or improved greatly: two were treated with short-term oral corticosteroids, one was prescribed a dose of compound betamethasone, and the other two were not treated with systemic corticosteroids. Conclusion: Patients with ILA were predisposed to develop COVID-19 after infection with SARS-CoV-2, and more than half of them had severe COVID-19.

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in clearing viruses and performing immunomodulation, and they possess innate immunomodulatory functions and acquired immune responses through secreting chemokines and acting in synergy with other natural immune cells. With in-depth studies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, NK cells have been identified as playing an important role. SARS-CoV-2 infection affects the distribution and effector function of NK cells, and the immune response of NK cells may influence the prognosis of patients with COVID-19. This review summarizes the latest research on the role of NK cells in COVID-19 infection, and discusses their potential as therapeutic agents, aiming to provide insights into the prevention of immune damage caused by SARS-CoV-2.

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Objective To explore the health promotion behavior and its influencing factors of patients with long COVID, and to provide reference for the construction of intervention programs. Methods Totally 15 patients with long COVID were interviewed by semi-structured sampling method, and the interview data were analyzed according to Colaizzi seven-step analysis method to extract the theme. Results A total of three topics were obtained: healthy behavior ability (including limited cognition, low self-control, physical ability and health literacy), healthy behavior motivation (including perception of healthy behavior benefits, negative emotions, social and family role motivation), and health promotion behavior support (including work and life pressure, family support, peer communication and mutual assistance, and medical professional support). Conclusion Patients with long COVID have a positive attitude towards health promotion behavior, but there are many influencing factors. It is necessary to improve the cognition of patients with long new crowns and their health promotion behaviors, and constantly improve the guidance of health behaviors of patients with long new crowns to promote their health. (目的 探讨新型冠状病毒感染长期症状(简称“长新冠”)患者健康促进行为及其影响因素, 为构建干预方案提供参考。方法 采用目的抽样法对15名长新冠患者进行半结构式访谈, 根据 Colaizzi七步分析法对访谈资料进行分析, 提取主题。结果 共获得3个主题: 健康行为能力(包括认知有限, 自控力低下, 身体能力, 健康素养), 健康行为动机(包括感知健康行为益处, 消极情绪, 社会和家庭角色动力), 健康促进行为支持(包括工作生活压力, 家庭支持, 同伴交流互助, 医疗专业支持)。结论 长新冠患者对健康促进行为总体持积极态度, 但影响因素较多。应提高长新冠患者对长新冠及健康促进行为的认知, 需不断完善长新冠患者健康行为的指导, 促进其健康。)

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is prevalent around the world, and pre-existing ILD is associated with increased severity and mortality of COVID-19. However, the current knowledge on the management strategy for COVID-19 patients with pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is very limited. There is still a need for consensus on treatments for these patients. In addition, ILD that occurs after the acute phase of COVID-19 (Post-acute Covid-19 ILD, PC-ILD) is also very common, and how to manage PC-ILD is also under debate. Therefore, a consensus was established by experts from the related disciplines in the field of ILD based on available scientific evidence and experience of the expert working group. This consensus elucidated 22 practical questions for practicing physicians, such as clinical characteristics, risk factors and treatment of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD patients. Finally, 15 recommendations were made regarding the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD patients. We hope to assist physicians in making appropriate decisions, thereby improving the management of COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD and PC-ILD. Recommendation 1: It is recommended to differentiate COVID-19 from ILD with acute/subacute onset based on duration, exposure history, symptoms and signs, chest high-resolution CT (HRCT) features, and laboratory tests. Recommendation 2: According to the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus pneumonia (version 10) issued by the National Health Commission of China on January 6 th , 2023, we recommended the following disease severity definition and management for the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD. Recommendation 3: ILD is an independent risk factor for severe/critical COVID-19. We recommend antiviral treatment for COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD as early as possible after symptoms onset, ideally within 5 days. Recommendation 4: We recommend that the use of systemic corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD who had no indications for corticosteroids therapy should follow the guidelines of COVID-19 for the general population. Those with pre-existing ILD who need to start or are already on systemic corticosteroids are recommended to start or continue corticosteroids if they develop COVID-19. The dose adjustment is based on the severity of COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD: For the patients with severe/critical COVID-19 with pre-existing ILD but no AE-ILD, the use of corticosteroids should follow the guidelines of COVID-19 in the general population; the patients with AE-ILD are recommended to follow the use of corticosteroids in AE-ILD. Recommendation 5: There is no evidence available for the use of interleukin-6 receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD. Recommendations regarding interleukin-6 receptor blockers in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD may follow the guideline of COVID-19 in the general population. Recommendation 6: There is no evidence to support the use of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD. The use of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD is recommended to follow the guideline of COVID-19 in the general population. Recommendation 7: For patients who have not started immunosuppressants/biological agents for pre-existing ILD at the time of COVID-19, delayed initiation of immunosuppressants/biological agents is recommended, if the risk of ILD progression in the short term is low. For patients who are already on immunosuppressants/biological agents, a multidisciplinary discussion with rheumatologists is recommended to weigh the benefits and risks of discontinuing immunosuppressants/biological agents. It is recommended to discontinue immunosuppressants/biological agents for pre-existing ILD in acute phase of COVID-19 unless short-term discontinuation affects control of underlying ILD or connective tissue disease. Recommendation 8: It is recommended that the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD who are on anti-fibrotic medication should continue to take anti-fibrotic medication. For COVID-19 patients with newly diagnosed fibrotic ILD who need to start anti-fibrotic therapy, it is recommended to start anti-fibrotic treatment as early as possible. Recommendation 9: It is recommended to investigate and monitor co-infections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD, and to promptly prevent and treat co-infections and secondary infections such as bacteria, fungi, Pneumocystis jirovecii , and cytomegalovirus. Recommendation 10: Anticoagulation therapy for the COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD is recommended to be used in accordance with guideline of COVID-19 in general population. Recommendation 11: For COVID-19 patients with pre-existing ILD, we recommend follow-up at 4 weeks after recovery (non-hospitalized patients) or 4 weeks after discharge (hospitalized patients), and then the routine monitoring frequency for ILD once stable, i.e . every 3 to 6 months. Pulmonary function testing is a routine investigation. Chest HRCT is suggested when clinically indicated. Arterial blood gas analysis, echocardiography, CT pulmonary angiography, and blood examinations can be selected when necessary. Recommendation 12: Severe/critical COVID-19 survivors are the main target population for rehabilitation intervention. Rehabilitation therapy should be administered individualized. Recommendation 13: Healthcare providers should fully inform patients with pre-existing ILD about the benefits and risks of vaccination, and involve patients in a shared decision-making process to discuss whether or not to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Recommendation 14: For PC-ILD patients with persistent or progressive respiratory symptoms, persistent interstitial lung abnormalities and lung function impairment following acute COVID-19 pneumonia, may be treated with glucocorticoids after exclusion of other causes such as infection. Recommendation 15: For PC-ILD patients who have recovered from severe/critical COVID-19, anti-fibrotic medications may be administered after discussing disease-and treatment-related factors with patients. The optimal timing and duration of anti-fibrotic treatment are still uncertain. We conditionally recommend against anti-fibrotic medications in patients who have recovered from mild or moderate COVID-19. This recommendation does not apply to patients with pre-existing fibrotic ILD.

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) is the property of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Medical Science) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, subsequent pandemic containment measures, and economic fallout have had a profound impact on people's employment choices, residential preferences, and travel habits. However, limited empirical studies have investigated longitudinal changes in the jobs-housing relationship, which is a critical intersection of these three elements during the global health crisis. Based on mobile signaling data from 2017 to 2022, this study employed visualization, employment activity compactness, and multinomial logistic regression to explore the multi-scale spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and causes of jobs-housing balance in Shenzhen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results were as follows. (1) The spatial distribution patterns of residences and workplaces experienced the following evolutionary process: aggregation before the COVID-19 pandemic, dispersal during the strict control period of the pandemic, and, in the normalization phase, continuous dispersal in the first circle, as well as a rebound in the second and third circles. (2) Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, jobs-housing relationships deteriorated; during the strict control period, employment self-containment remained stable, while cross-unit commuting distance significantly decreased, employment self-containment steadily improved, and cross-unit commuting distance returned to pre-pandemic levels. This trend is most prominently manifested at the 1 km grid scale across the three research scales. (3) Spatial heterogeneity affected the evolution trends of jobs-housing relationships before and during the pandemic, with public transportation accessibility and socioeconomic characteristics of residents being the main reasons for differentiation in evolutionary types. During the pandemic, regions with high dependency ratios, low average ages, and low educational levels exhibited delayed optimization of employment self-containment compared to regions with poor public transportation accessibility. Highly educated individuals were more likely to experience a continuous reduction in cross-unit commuting distances; migrant workers, older individuals, and female groups witnessed a decrease in cross-district commuting distances during the strict control period but a rebound extension during the normalization phase. The results contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of job-housing relationships during public health crises and provide support for future urban management.

The incidence and mortality of COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) are high in critically ill patients. Although COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAPM) is relatively rare, its severity and often a delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis lead to its high mortality. The diagnosis and treatment of CAPA and CAPM in critically ill patients are challenging. Early diagnosis and a standardized therapy are the two most important factors for a good outcome. Therefore, a working group of experts from Chinese Thoracic Society and Chinese Association of Chest Physicians Critical Care Group was organized to develop this consensus based on the current medical evidence and clinical practice, in order to improve the ability of clinical treatment for critically ill patients with CAPA and CAPM. The working group drafted a preliminary text based on the literature and clinical practice experience. Following two rounds of discussion, 16 final recommendations were made, with the recommendation strength divided into recommend, suggest and not recommend. -Utilization of chest images and bronchoscopy 1. Chest CT, rather than chest X-ray, is recommended for possible CAPA or CAPM patients to provide diagnostic evidence and localization for bronchoscopy to obtain microbiological specimens. A diagnosis of CAPA could not be made on the basis of positive signs on chest CT alone. Chest contrast CT or pulmonary artery CT (CTPA) is recommended in patients with probable CAPM.2. In the case of possible CAPA or CAPM, it is recommended that bronchoscopy and BALF collection for microbiological examinations be pereformed as soon as possible. -The selection strategies of microbiological examinations 3. Microscopic examination, culture, GM testing and PCR for aspergillus Spp . of BALF are recommended in patients with probable CAPA. Fungal staining and culture of BALF are suggested for possible CAPM. Selected appropriate specimens for molecular biological detection are suggested in critically ill patients and possible CAPM. -Diagnostic critieria 4. The revised ECMM/ISHAM consensus statement is recommended as the diagnostic criteria for CAPA and the Delphi consensus statement is recommended as the diagnostic criteria for CAPM. -Appropriate time for antifungal therapy 5. Prophylactic therapy of CAPA with amphotericin B or its liposomes is suggested for patients with severe COVID-19, especially those with risk factors for CAPA.6. It is recommended to start the empirical anti-Aspergillus therapy as soon as possible for possible CAPA, and obtain the microbiological evidence for aspergillosis at the same time.7. Prophylactic therapy for CAPM is not recommended for severe COVID-19 patients.8. Early initiation of empirical therapy for possible CAPM is recommended, and microbiological evidence should be obtained at the same time. -Clinical applications for antifungal agents 9.Voriconazole or isavuconazole are recommended as initial treatment for CAPA. Amphotericin B liposomes are suggested as the initial treatment for CAPM. Isavuconazole or posaconazole may be an option in patients with renal insufficiency or amphotericin B liposome intolerance/unavailability.10. In CAPA patients with tracheobronchitis, antifungal drug inhalation is recommended in addition to systemic antifungal medication.11. Combination therapy is not recommended as initial therapy for CAPA, but may be used as a salvage therapy strategy. Triazole or amphotericin B in combination with caspofungin or micafungin is recommended; whereas amphotericin B in combination with triazole is not recommended. For CAPM patients with extensive lesions, rapid progression or poor general condition, a combination of amphotericin B liposome with isavuconazole or posaconazole is suggested. -Response assessment and treatment duration 12. It is recommended that treatment response be assessed comprehensively according to the clinical symptoms/signs, imaging and microbiological examination of patients. CAPA can be evaluated in combination with the dynamic change in serum GM.13. The recommended treatment duration of CAPA is at least 6-12 weeks. A total course of at least 3-6 months is suggested for CAPM, and the sequential treatment should be considered according to the response to 4-6 weeks of intravenous therapy. -How to adjust the anti-inflammatory therapy 14. In patients with severe COVID-19 combined with possible or probable filamentous fungal infection, it is suggested that of anti-inflammatory therapy be stopped or reduced appropriately, taking into account of the severity of the infection and inflammation of the disease course. The combination of baritinib and/or tozzizumab based on glucocorticoids is not suggested in these patients. -How to treat the underlying diseases 15. In patients with diabetes, strict glycaemic control is suggested. In patients with long-term use of glucocorticoids and/or immunosuppressants, it is suggested to reduce the intensity of immunosuppression. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is suggested to use to improve the circulating granulocyte levels in patients with granulocyte deficiency due to various causes. -When an operation should be considered 16. In patients with CAPA, surgery is not recommended unless large blood vessels, pericardium, or chest wall are involved, or the patient has recurrent or massive hemoptysis. For CAPM patients, early surgical removal of lesions after diagnosis is recommended. Surgery is a high-risk procedure in patients with severe COVID-19, and a multidisciplinary team discuss is suggested.

The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2), has created an urgent need of scientific and effective biomarkers for the purpose of prevention and control. Currently, commonly employed viral nucleic acids, antibodies, and rapid antigen test detection technologies all exhibit a range of limitations, including restricted applicability, inadequate sensitivity and specificity. Plasma SARS-CoV-2 quantitative antigen, as an emerging biomarker, has garnered significant attention due to its potential clinical value in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. This article comprehensively analyzes the principles and clinical applications of quantitative detection technology for plasma SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Additionally, it explores the challenges encountered in this field and provides insights into future prospects.

This article summarized integrated Traditional Chinese and western medicine nursing interventions for a patient with COVID-19 complicated with chronic cough. Based on the nursing risk assessment and Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome differentiation, a comprehensive nursing plan consisted of prone position ventilation, health education, emotion regulation and other interventions were carried out. In addition, Traditional Chinese Medicine nursing techniques such as dressing aromatherapy, Chinese herbal medicine ointment rubbing, acupoint application, auricular acupoint pressing and five-tone music therapy were carried out to relieve the negative emotion and cough symptoms, and improve patient’s quality of life. (本文总结1例新型冠状病毒感染合并慢性咳嗽患者的中西医结合护理体会。基于护理评估和中医辨证, 在俯卧位通气、健康宣教、情志护理等常规护理干预基础上, 开展衣冠疗法、中药膏摩、穴位贴敷、耳穴压丸、五音疗法等中医适宜技术, 有效改善患者负性情绪, 缓解咳嗽症状, 提高生活质量。)

This study explores the trend of urban spatial networking driven by information technology transformation and regional economic rise, with a particular focus on the role of resilience in urban network structures in responding to risk disturbances. Scholars worldwide have developed a framework for urban network analysis based on transportation, enterprise, and population flow networks. Building on this framework, research has begun to focus on network resilience, emphasizing how networks maintain functional stability through self-adjustment and continuous development when faced with external shocks. The COVID-19 pandemic, as a global event, has profoundly affected societies and economies, particularly in terms of population mobility. Studies conducted during the pandemic have noted significant changes in population flows between Chinese cities, with residents opting for shorter, dispersed travel. However, the resilience of intraregional population flow networks during the post-pandemic period remains underexplored, providing a vital opportunity for supplementary research. Specifically, it is crucial to identify and understand the core nodes essential for supporting network resilience to guide safer urban development. Metropolitan areas are key hubs for regional resource coordination, and interactions among towns within these areas are crucial for coordinated regional development. Towns should form resilient connections and interaction paths, notably by harnessing the capacities of small towns to handle diverse risks. Dynamic changes within metropolitan areas are particularly noteworthy because urban functions are complex and exchanges are stable, enabling a certain level of recovery after risk disturbances. In contrast, townships may exacerbate the "siphon effect" due to their agricultural roles and population structures. This study examines the Nanjing Metropolitan Area as a typical case, leveraging mobile signaling data to quantitatively analyze the structural resilience of population flow networks before and during the pandemic in 2019 and 2021, respectively. The findings indicate that although the pandemic did not directly reduce overall population movement, it altered network hierarchy and spatial distribution, concentrating flows toward urban centers and reducing cross-boundary and long-distance connections. The leisure flow network exhibits greater volatility than the employment flow network, with the latter exhibiting stronger periodicity and stability. High-centrality cross-boundary nodes play a critical role in maintaining safe network operations. If these nodes fail, network density and stability decrease significantly, highlighting their importance for resilient urban construction.

COVID-19 is caused by the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and manifests primarily as acute lung injury with diffuse interstitial lung disease evident in imaging. Patients often present with clinical features similar to those of autoimmune diseases and share imaging, treatment and serological similarities with autoimmune-related interstitial lung diseases. The association between autoimmune abnormalities and post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis is also recognized. This article provided a comprehensive review of the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and therapeutic interventions associated with autoimmune abnormalities induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant burnout among nurses, resulting in a shortage of nursing staff. Issues related to nursing work have received significant attention recently, and only healthy nurses are capable of providing good quality patient care. The authors employed Bronfenbrenner's Ecological System Theory to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on nurses and proposed specific strategies and recommendations to enhance the nursing workplace. Under the Ecological System Theory, several factors, including inadequate preparedness, dangerous working environment, work-family conflicts, discrimination due to public panic, and health damage, contribute to nurse burnout. Whether during or after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to provide education programs to enhance the professional abilities of nurses, foster policies that promote a positive practice work environment, implement a triage system based on the severity of patients, elevate the image of the nursing profession, monitor the health of nurses, and advocate for transformational leadership. The nursing workplace should help nurses gain greater confidence and improve their ability to handle various workplace challenges. In the future, medical institutions should provide a better work environment for nurses and expect the public to pay more attention to the development of the nursing profession.

Objective: To summarize the clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with Good's syndrome. Methods: We included all cases of COVID-19 in patients with Good's syndrome in the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023. In addition to our cases, we searched the published literature in Wanfang database and PubMed database using the keywords "Good's syndrome" and "COVID-19". The clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of the patients were summarized and analyzed. Results: A total of four patients with Good's syndrome complicated by COVID-19 were identified in our hospital, all of them were male, and the days of hospitalization were 17, 23, 7, and 13 days, respectively. Databases were searched for a total of six patients with Good's syndrome complicated by COVID-19, including three females and three males, all foreign patients, with hospitalization days of 12, 22, 13, 25, 21, and 34 days respectively. All ten patients met the diagnostic criteria for severe or critical COVID-19, and three(all middle-aged males) of them died, two from sepsis and one from respiratory failure. They were. Conclusion: COVID-19 in patients with Good's syndrome are prone to develop severe or critical disease and are more likely to be infected with multiple pathogens. Timely immunoglobulin supplementation is the key to treatment.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 )is still spreading widely around the world, and it is estimated that there are more than 760 million confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) . Although most of the infected patients can be cured, there are still many patients who experience persistent clinical symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, weakness, coughing and chest pain, etc. at two to three months or even longer after being infected with SARS-CoV-2. Internationally, this type of discomforts is referred to as long COVID. The emergence of long COVID has brought a new crisis to people’s health, which not only affects the quality of life and work of patients, but also brings great pressure on the health care of the society. Continuously exploring the impact of long COVID and its underlying mechanism, developing health management strategies for long COVID, and better prevention and treatment of long COVID are still the focus of research worldwide. The article introduces the definition of long COVID and reviews recent research progress in its underlying mechanism, common systemic clinical manifestations, risk factors, and health management of long COVID, aiming to provide more ideas for deepening clinicians’ understanding of long COVID. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Commerce & Management Quarterly is the property of Chinese Association of Business & Management Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Public health and social measures (PHSMs) are one of the most important measures in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and have also been effective in suppressing the spread of influenza viruses, but their effectiveness has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to review the progress of research on the impact of PHSMs on influenza during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the latest evidence of the effectiveness of various PHSMs in controlling transmission of influenza viruses, to provide scientific evidence for optimizing influenza prevention and control strategies.

Background The imaging of COVID-19 (COVID-19) in children is different from that of adults, mainly manifested as subpleural ground glass shadows, patchy high-density shadow, and solid shadow, and rarely complicated with pneumomediastinum. The formation of a large number of emphysema can seriously affect the respiratory and circulatory function, resulting in obvious wheezing and hypoxemia, which need to be actively treated. Objective To analyze and summarize the imaging and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 with pneumomediastinum in children. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 8 pediatric patients with COVID-19 complicated with pneumomediastinum admitted to the Department of Pediatrics at Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated with Yangtze University from December 1, 2022 to January 30, 2023, including age, gender, imaging, clinical characteristics, and treatment. Results 8 children were 3.5 years to 12 years, with a female ratio of 3∶5. High Resolution CT Scan in all children showed double lung infection combined with pneumomediastinum, and multiple emphysema involved the neck and chest wall. The pulmonary manifestations were various: subpleural ground glass shadow, consolidation, tree bud sign, vascular bronchial bundle thickening and bronchial wall thickening, grid sign, etc., no large consolidation and "white lung" found. One case was observed to have a small amount of pleural effusion. In addition to fever and cough, the clinical manifestations were obvious shortness of breath, pulmonary auscultation, but dry or moist rales were not significant. Four children with mycoplasma infection were treated with azithromycin, and one with B. catarrhalis. was treated with azithromycin. All given oxygen therapy. A patient was treated with an invasive ventilator because traditional treatment was unable to alleviate her dyspnea and hypoxemia. The patient's leucocytes and hypersensitive CRP were significantly increased. After 3 days, the symptoms improved and the machine was successfully withdrawn. 5 cases were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and 3 cases were treated with glucocorticoids. a week after the review of chest CT, pneumomethinum were completely absorbed, and lung lesions significantly improved. Conclusion Children with pneumomediastinum complicated by COVID-19 were mostly pre-school or school-age children, rare in infants. Pneumomediastinum can coexist with gas accumulation in the neck and chest wall. In addition, pulmonary lesions could involve the stroma or parenchyma, and both lungs were affected, with various manifestations. At the onset of the disease, there were obvious shortness of breath, active oxygen therapy was recommended. When the white blood cell count and hypersensitivity CRP significantly increase, close attention should be paid to respiratory conditions. IVIG and glucocorticoids may have positive effects, and if necessary, a mechanical ventilation should also be used.

Background Long COVID is a common problem in the recovery period of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The prevention and treatment of long COVID has become the focus of the medical fields of COVID-19. It is important to clarify the situation of long COVID in China and find out the follow-up research route, thus providing evidence-based evidence for clinical practice. Objective To explore the characteristics of long COVID in China, aiming to provide references for the follow-up research. Methods From January 2023 to August 2023, a self-made survey questionnaire was used to investigate the current situation of long COVID in China. The questionnaire included general information, such as gender and age, treatment expectations, symptoms and signs in acute and recovery period, etc. Results A total of 1 001 questionnaires were collected, including 901 people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and 585 (64.9%) people with long COVID. Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=2.000, 95%CI=1.477-2.705, P

The outbreak of COVID-19 has had a huge impact globally. After the infection, a considerable number of patients have been affected by a series of lingering symptoms or sequelae with strong heterogeneity, which we temporarily refer to as long COVID. Compared to the well-studied cardiovascular complications caused by COVID-19 during the acute phase, the cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID require greater attention. This review includes the clinical manifestations, mechanisms, and principles of diagnosis and management of cardiovascular sequelae in long COVID, aiming to improve the disease's understanding and reduce its harm scientifically.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of oral clinical manifestation and risk factors of patients infected with novel corona virus (COVID-19). Methods A total of 649 COVID-19 patients admitted to Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2022 to June 2023 were enrolled. All patients were divided into the young (18-40 years), middle-aged (41-65 years) and elderly groups (> 65 years) according to age. The changes in oral clinical manifestation and related risk factors during COVID-19 infection were investigated and analyzed. Results Among 649 infected patients, 231 were male and 418 were female, with an average age of (42.69±12.55) years. Except loose teeth, the differences were statistically significant in the incidence of other oral clinical manifestation during the positive and negative periods (all P < 0.05). After age grouping, there were significant differences in the incidence of taste disorder (young group vs. elderly group, middle-aged group vs. elderly group), pulpitis/apical periodontitis (young group vs. middle-aged group), gingival swelling and pain (middle-aged group vs. elderly group), gingival itching and swelling (middle-aged group vs. elderly group), dry mouth (middle-aged group vs. elderly group, young group vs. elderly group), and oral ulcers (middle-aged group vs. elderly group, young group vs. elderly group) during the positive period (all P< 0.017). During the period of negative conversion, there were significant differences in the incidence of gingival swelling and pain (young group vs. middle-aged group, young group vs. elderly group), dry mouth (middle-aged group vs. elderly group, young group vs. elderly group), and oral ulcers (middle-aged group vs. elderly group) (all P < 0.017). After gender grouping, in the positive period, the incidence of taste disorder and dry mouth in the female patients was significantly higher than that of male counterparts (both P < 0.05), whereas the incidence of tongue discomfort in male patients was significantly higher compared with that of female patients (P < 0.05). During the negative conversion period, there was a significant difference in the incidence of taste disorder between two genders (P < 0.05), and the incidence of other oral manifestation did not significantly differ between two genders (all P > 0.05). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses showed that both female gender and hypertension were the risk factors for the changes of oral clinical manifestation in COVID-19 patients (both P < 0.05). The drugs taken by patients during COVID-19 infection were not associated with the changes of oral clinical manifestation (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Oral clinical manifestation probably differ during different stages of COVID-19 infection, which might be associated with gender and age, etc. Extensive attention should be paid to oral hygiene of COVID-19 patients. For patients with high risk factors (female gender and hypertension), oral hygiene education should be strengthened and specific preventive measures and guidance should be delivered, aiming to maintain and improve their oral hygiene conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical features of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: This retrospective case series study included 15 patients (28 eyes) diagnosed with AMN at the Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, from November 2022 to January 2023. The AMN group comprised 4 males and 11 females, with a mean age of (31.36±8.08) years. A control group of 15 individuals [5 males, 10 females; mean age (33.20±5.10) years] who had COVID-19 but did not develop AMN was also included. Data collected for all patients included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), slit-lamp examination, dilated fundus examination, color fundus photography, fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) results. Serum cytokine levels, including interleukins (ILs), interferons (IFNs), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were measured for both groups. Results: Among the 28 eyes, severe vision loss (BCVA≤0.3) was observed in 3 eyes (10.7%), moderate vision loss (BCVA>0.3 and≤0.5) in 2 eyes (13.3%), and mild vision loss (BCVA>0.5 and≤1.0) in 23 eyes (82.1%). OCT findings in all 28 eyes revealed hyperreflectivity of the outer nuclear layer and disruption of outer retinal structure. Additionally, 3 eyes (10.7%) exhibited cotton wool spots in the posterior pole, 2 eyes (7.1%) showed mild cystoid macular edema with intraretinal hyperreflective dots, and 1 eye (3.6%) presented with paracentral acute middle maculopathy. FFA indicated retinal vasculitis in 2 cases (4 eyes, 14.3%). Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IFN-α, and IFN-γ were significantly higher in the AMN group compared to the control group: IL-4 [4.49 (3.66, 6.08) vs . 1.40 (0.62, 1.68) pg/ml], IL-5 [7.34 (5.04, 14.06) vs . 0.17 (0.11, 1.86) pg/ml], IFN-α [8.42 (6.31, 14.89) vs . 0.50 (0.30, 0.83) pg/ml], and IFN-γ [17.93 (12.75, 32.44) vs . 7.43 (0.00, 14.74) pg/ml], with all differences being statistically significant (all P <0.05). Conclusion: AMN following COVID-19 can present with wedge-shaped dark red lesions in the macular area, often accompanied by cotton wool spots and retinal vasculitis. Additionally, there is a significant elevation in various inflammatory cytokines in the serum.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an acute respiratory infection. The majority of infected individuals present with either asymptomatic or mild symptoms, such as dry throat, sore throat, cough, and fever. However, a small percentage of patients may progress to severe illness and even mortality. This study conducted a comprehensive review of relevant reports and literature on COVID-19-related deaths published nationally and internationally between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The factors influencing death in COVID-19 patients are summarized from five perspectives: clinical manifestations, individual characteristics, socio-cultural influences, governmental interventions, and viral strains. The objective is to provide scientific evidence for the prevention of adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and theoretical support for the enhancement of treatment protocols.

ObjectiveTo analyze changes in target setting for emergency response to major disease epidemics in China before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, summarize strengths and weaknesses in target setting, and provide a basis for improving target setting for emergency response to major disease epidemics in China. MethodsWe systematically retrieved a total of 3 864 policy documents (including plans, laws and regulations, and work programs) related to the prevention and control of major epidemics issued by government agencies of 31 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs) in Chinese mainland from 2000 to 2020. Relevant target content was extracted and the degree of consistency between emergency response targets for major diseases and public demand was calculated (the newly added targets are calculated on a cumulative basis from the precious year, and no value is assigned for duplicates). Paired rank sum tests were used to statistically test for differences in indicators before and after the epidemic. ResultsThe consistency between the overall goal of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs in China increased from 79.7% by 2019 (before COVID-19) to 91.3% in by 2020 (after COVID-19), with an increase of 14.6%, and the region-specific consistency increased from 81.2% to 93% for the eastern region and from 78.3% to 90.1% for the western region, with an increase of 14.5% and 15.1%, respectively, and a significant difference between the regions (P < 0.05). National consistency between the primary prevention goal of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs increased from 36.9% to 46.4%, with a significant difference between the periods before and after the COVID-19 epidemic (P < 0.05); there were no significant differences between periods in consistency between the secondary and tertiary prevention goals of emergency response to major disease epidemics and public needs at either the national or regional level. ConclusionConsistency between emergency response goals for major disease epidemics and public needs in China has increased, either at the national or regional level, especially for primary prevention goals.

Objective To analyze the changes in fertility trends of seasonally and calendar adjusted fertility rate (SAFR) in different countries before and after the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and investigate the influence factors. Methods Monthly SAFR data of 28 countries during January 2012 and December 2022 were collected in the Human Fertility Database (HFD). The node of December 2020 (9-month delay in gestation from the start of the March 2020 outbreak) was used as the point of division for comparison between the pre- (2012.1-2020.11) and post-pandemic (2020.12-2022.12) periods. Interrupted time series was used to analyze whether fertility rate trends (short-term fluctuations and long-term trends) changed before and after the pandemic in each country. Wilcoxon test was employed to analyze whether pre-pandemic fertility rate, GDP per capita, public health and social measures (PHSM) and unemployment rate were associated with the changes in fertility trends. Results Nineteen out of the 28 countries experienced a short-term decline in fertility rate after the pandemic, which subsequently rebounded. With respect to long-term trends, 2 countries shifted from a declining trend to an increasing trend, 8 countries shifted from an increasing trend to a declining trend, and 6 countries had their SAFR unchanged. The SAFR decline was mainly observed in some of the countries of Central Europe and the Western Mediterranean, while its increase was mainly in Northern and Western Europe. Pre-pandemic SAFR was lower in the countries with no short-term fluctuations in SAFR than those with short-term fluctuations (P=0.041). The countries with declining rate of SAFR had significantly lower pre-pandemic SAFR (P=0.005) and GDP per capita (P=0.027) than the countries with increasing rate of SAFR. No association was found between short-term fluctuations or long-term trends in fertility rate and the PHSM severity index or unemployment rate. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had varying short- and long-term impacts on SAFR in 28 countries, with the countries with relatively low economic levels and pre-pandemic SAFRs more vulnerable to further blows. The longer-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the populations of each country deserve further attention. X

The incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been reported to increase after COVID-19 infection, and it is common in COVID-19 patients during recovery. This paper presents a summary of the latest research progress on COVID-19-induced ED and explores the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment approach based on TCM theory and clinical experience. COVID-19 infection may lead to ED through endothelial dysfunction, testicular injury, hormonal imbalance, and psychological factors. The pathogenesis of COVID-19-related ED is mainly characterized by deficiency of the body's essence and excess of pathogenic factors. In the early stage, it is dominated by deficiency of qi and yin, while in the middle stage, it is mainly due to deficiency of qi and blood stasis. In the long-term, ED is based on the imbalance of yin and yang, with liver stagnation and qi stagnation often co-existing. Clinical manifestations of ED vary, and treatment should focus on tonifying qi and nourishing yin, promoting blood circulation, regulating yin and yang, and soothing liver depression according to TCM diagnosis and treatment principles.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread globally since late 2019, representing a formidable challenge to the world's healthcare systems, wreaking havoc, and spreading rapidly through human contact. With fever, fatigue, and a persistent dry cough being the hallmark symptoms, this disease threatened to destabilize the delicate balance of our global community. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is a prerequisite for understanding the number of confirmed cases in the world or a region, and an important factor in epidemic assessment and the development of control measures. It also plays a crucial role in ensuring that patients receive the appropriate medical treatment, leading to optimal patient care. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technology is currently the most mature method for detecting viral nucleic acids, but it has many drawbacks. Meanwhile, a variety of COVID-19 detection methods, including molecular biological diagnostic, immunodiagnostic, imaging, and artificial intelligence methods have been developed and applied in clinical practice to meet diverse scenarios and needs. These methods can help clinicians diagnose and treat COVID-19 patients. This review describes the variety of such methods used in China, providing an important reference in the field of the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a single-center from Beijing., Methods: Patients with COVID-19 who received regular hemodialysis at Peking University Third Hospital from November 30, 2022 to January 4, 2023 were selected as the study objects. Clinical symptoms, severity and duration of symptoms during the period of virus positive were investigated in the form of questionnaires, and the basic information of the patients, as well as the results of blood tests (routine blood and blood biochemistry, etc .) before and after infection, dialysis treatment and the outcome of the disease were collected by consulting medical records., Results: A total of 203 subjects were included in this study, including 148 mild cases (72.91%), 23 medium cases (11.33%), 32 severe and critical cases (15.76%), and 16 (7.88%) deaths occured during the follow-up. Clinical symptoms mainly included respiratory symptoms (among which 81.77% had cough, 68.97% had expectoration), fever (81.28%) and fatigue (65.52%), and fatigue and weakness had the longest duration [9 (5, 15) days] among all symptoms. Twenty-six patients (12.8%) reduced the dialysis sessions [1 (1, 2) times], 25 patients (12.32%) had the behavior of early finishing dialysis (27 times), reducing the dialysis time by 30.0 (20.0, 30.5) minutes. Univa-riate analysis showed that the hemoglobin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and ultrafiltration decreased signi-ficantly after infection ( P < 0.05). There were significant differences in age, albumin, hemoglobin, creatinine levels and vascular access types among the patients with different clinical subtypes, and the changes of dialysis sessions, fever, expectoration and fatigue degree were also different among the patients with different clinical subtypes ( P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age ( OR =1.051, 95% CI : 1.017-1.086, P =0.003) and albumin levels ( OR =0.905, 95% CI : 0.803-1.019, P =0.098) corrected by fever, expectoration and fatigue levels were still associated with the occurrence of pneumonia., Conclusion: The morbidity of pneumonia and the proportion of deaths in hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 were higher, and some clinical symptoms lasted for a longer time than the general population. During the infection period, the incidence of dialysis-related complications increased, hemoglobin and nutritional status decreased. Elderly patients and patients with low albumin level had a higher risk of developing pneumonia after infection.

Objective: To retrieve, evaluate, and summarize the best evidence for the treatment of hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 infection using the awake prone positioning, with the aim of guiding healthcare professionals in the standardized implementation of this therapy. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in databases including UpToDate, BMJ Best Practice, JBI Evidence-Based Healthcare Center, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, Intensive Care Society, European Respiratory Society, World Health Organization website, Cochrane Library, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang. The retrieved literature was subjected to quality assessment and evidence extraction. Results: A total of ten publications were included, consisting of one thematic evidence summary, one guideline, two systematic reviews, three randomized controlled trials, and three expert consensus statements. This summary synthesizes thirty key pieces of evidence in five categories: organizational management and training, risk assessment, preparatory operations, implementation key points, and risk control. Conclusions: Awake prone positioning is beneficial for improving hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19 and is easy to implement. Medical institutions should develop nursing management systems, operational standards, and best practices for awake prone positioning based on evidence-based evidence in order to improve the quality of care management for such patients.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major threat to the global healthcare system. As an airborne disease, COVID-19 posed a great challenge to the management of sleep medicine. Given the increased risk of adverse events in obstructive sleep apnea patients infected with COVID-19, strategies have been proposed worldwide. These include standard treatment procedure, use of self-protect equipment, telemedicine services, development of machine learning and portable monitoring, and in-home sleep monitoring and titration. This review aims to introduce the impact of COVID-19 on the operation of sleep medicine landscape and provide advice on public health care emergency.

本研究旨在探討2019年COVID-19疫情以及相關輿情對幼兒社會情緒發展研究趨勢的影響，以文獻計量學方式，分析出疫情期間幼兒社會情緒發展科學研究合作的主要作者、國家及地區、作者共同合作、領域共現、文獻共被引、文獻耦合及共詞網絡之網絡聚類，找出研究趨勢與社群。本研究從Web of Science資料庫中選取2020年至2022年間822筆相關文獻，透過BibExcel文獻計量工具，以Pajek與Excel繪製圖表分析出結果：最具影響力的主要作者為澳洲墨爾本大學的P. Eadie等六人；主要國家及地區為巴西；主要領域共現為教育及教育研究，主要的共被引文獻為Samuelsson等人（2020）的“The Coronavirus Pandemic and Lessons Learned in Preschools in Norway, Sweden and the United States: OMEP Policy Forum”，主要文獻耦合為Eadie等人（2022）的“Challenges and Supports for Educator Well-Being: Perspectives of Australian Early Childhood Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic”，主要共詞為COVID-19。最後，本研究建議以不同文獻計量工具分析，作為後續相關研究之交叉驗證，有助於更深入地瞭解OVID-19疫情對相關研究以及未來趨勢的影響。 Research Purpose The critical importance of early childhood social-emotional development for learning, school performance, and future life outcomes is well established. Ren et al. (2016) emphasized that social-emotional competence predicts school readiness, academic achievement, and psychological well-being and thus influences academic success and life outcomes in adulthood. Given the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on humans— including social isolation, restrictions that like growing apart, school and office closures, and uncertainty on emotional words this study investigated how the pandemic affected social-emotional development in young children. Research Motivation 1. Diverse Research Landscape: The rapidly evolving field of early childhood development is added to with multiple studies each year. Thus, understanding key topics, trends, and interdisciplinary areas is crucial for researchers and policymakers. 2. Influence of COVID-19 on Research Trends: The COVID-19 pandemic substantially affected society, lifestyle and learning models. Analyzing how this global event influenced research regarding early childhood social-emotional development could provide crucial insights for academia and policy. 3. Enhancing Policy Relevance: Bridging the gap between academic research and policy implementation remains vital. Analyzing the dynamics of research regarding early childhood social-emotional development could deepen academic understanding and provide evidence to inform policy decisions that benefit society. Literature Review 1. Foundational Theories of Social-Emotional Development in Early Childhood: This section discusses foundational theories proposed by Erikson (1968) in “Identity: Youth and Crisis”; Bowlby (1969) in “Attachment and Loss: Attachment, Vol. 1”; Bandura (1977) in “Social Learning Theory”; and Vygotsky (1978) in “Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes.” 2. Key Research Trends and Relevant Studies Regarding Social-Emotional Development in Early Childhood: Following the logic of scientific literature growth stages introduced by De Solla Price (1965), this section delineates research trends across two periods, namely 1986-2009 and 2010-2022, to highlight research topics and significant studies published in these periods. (1) 1986-2009 This period covers research topics including (1) emotional regulation and behavioral problems in young children, (2) the influence of family environment on social-emotional development, (3) effects of peer relationships, (4) the development of self-identity, (5) emotional expression and cognitive development, and (6) the relationship between family interactions and children’s emotions. Notable studies are cited for each of these topics. (2) 2010-2022 This period covers research topics including (1) the development of emotional identification and expressive skills, (2) emotional regulation and self-control abilities, (3) emotional development and social relationships, and (4) emotional distress and mental health challenges. Notable studies are cited for each of these topics. 3. Systematic Literature Reviews: This section highlights key literature reviews conducted by Rouhollah et al. (2018), Blewitt et al. (2018) and Djamnezhad et al. (2021) to offer comprehensive insights into key trends in research regarding early childhood social-emotional development. Research Methods The present research methodology utilizes key search terms such as “early childhood,” “education,” “social-emotional development,” “COVID-19,” and related combinations of key words with Boolean logic operators. The document types considered were defined as “Article,” “Early Access,” and “Review Article.” In total, 822 documents were retrieved from the Web of Science database for 2020-2022. Using BibExcel and visualization tools such as Pajek and Excel, the present analysis identified primary authors, countries, collaborative patterns, co-occurrence of research domains, frequently cited documents, document co-citation, and word co-occurrence networks during the pandemic period, thereby determining trends and academic communities in research regarding early childhood social-emotional development. Research Results The research results are presented across the following seven sections: 1. Primary Authors The primary authors are six scholars from the University of Melbourne, Australia, led by Eadie, P. However, the analysis of the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and social-emotional development in early childhood identified nine primary authors who published related journal articles between 2020 and 2022, forming a basis for co-occurrence analysis and exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic’s effect on social-emotional development in early childhood. 2. Country and Region Among 27 countries, Brazil was identified as the most closely cooperating country and acted as a crucial mediator influencing information dissemination and exchange. This outcome indicated Brazil’s vital role in the flow of information and knowledge in scholarly collaboration on the academic social network. 3. Author Cooperation Scholars from the University of Melbourne— particularly P. Eadie, P. Levickis, L. Murray, J. Page, C. Elek, and A. Church— were central nodes with the highest absolute centrality score of 5, signifying direct connections. Another group, led by scholars from the University of Colorado Denver, exhibited a distinct centralization pattern. 4. Co-Occurrence Education and educational research held the most central position, closely followed by psychology and development and then psychology and education. The strongest network association was that between education and educational research and psychology and development, indicating that these domains were the primary co-occurring research domains. 5. Co-Citation “The Coronavirus Pandemic and Lessons Learned in Preschools in Norway, Sweden and the United States: OMEP Policy Forum,” which emphasized measures to protect the health of educators and children and to ensure continuity in learning and development, was the most frequently cited document (8 times). That report shared experiences from Sweden, Norway, and the United States related to early childhood education during the COVID-19 pandemic. 6. Document Coupling Articles #24 (“Challenges and Supports for Educator Well-Being: Perspectives of Australian Early Childhood Educators during the COVID-19 Pandemic”) and #15 (“Early Childhood Educators’ Well-being during the COVID-19 Pandemic”), which discuss the pandemic’s effects from the perspective of early childhood educators— covering mental health, workload, and occupational stress and addressing the needs of parents and children— had the highest document coupling count (15). 7. Co-Word Network The most frequently used words were “COVID-19” (35 occurrences), “Early Childhood Education” (20 occurrences), and then “Early Childhood” (7 occurrences). The overall word co-occurrence network had a relatively low density, namely 0.23822715, with strong relationships between COVID-19 and key terms including “Early Childhood Education,” “Teachers,” “Pandemic,” “Early Childhood Teachers,” “Early Childhood Education and Care” and “Distance Education.” Discussion and Suggestions Research regarding the effects of COVID-19 on the social-emotional development of young children has primarily focused on emerging topics such as teacher well-being and challenges in remote learning, along with corresponding solutions. During the pandemic period, safeguarding the rights of early childhood educators was essential to ensure ample educational resources. The analyzed studies address emerging themes that shed light on the status of and shifts in research concerning social-emotional development in early childhood. As the pandemic subsides, observing evolving research trends and comprehensively examining the theoretical and practical aspects of early childhood social-emotional development is crucial. This paper proposes the use of multiple bibliometric tools as a form of cross-validation for follow-up research to explore the influence of public opinion on the development of related research trends.