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Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the accuracy of extracting tree breast diameter from backpack laser scanning（BLS） data, this paper filtered out the noise points whose BLS scan data was more than 10 cm away from the nearest point, and used the irregular triangulation algorithm to extract the ground point, and subtracted the elevation value of the point cloud from the corresponding ground point elevation value to normalize the elevation of the point cloud data. At an elevation of 0.8 to 1.8 m, slice with a step of 0.1 m, and filter out different point clouds to extract DBH. The smallest diameter of the fitting circle of all slices in each tree was selected as the diameter at breast height of the tree, and the results of the test results, measured data and the results of extracting DBH from point cloud only after preprocessed were compared. The results showed that by filtering out low intensity point clouds, the root mean square error（RMSE） of the three plots were reduced from 2.63 cm to 0.99 cm, 5.43 cm to 4.72 cm, and 4.01 m to 2.15 cm, the average error decreased from 1.90 cm to 0.79 cm, 5.24 cm to 4.16 cm, and 3.36 cm to 1.58 cm. In the forest data scanned by BLS, the point cloud with low intensity at breast diameter was a point cloud with large stitching error, which would affect the accuracy of the breast diameter extraction result. Filtering out this part of the point cloud can improve the accuracy. The proportion of large stitching error point clouds was related to the terrain, and the proportion of low quality point clouds on slopes was larger than that on flat ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrain factors affoct the rcdistrilmtion of surface water,md heat conditions, the action of wind .md sand, and the intensity of water erosion. Changes in land use types on different terrains will produce different ecological restoration df

Background-- With thc deepening of the reform on cottcctivc forest right system, farmers' cnthnsiasni for forestrv prod tie tion has been improved, tocation factors and capitat endow ment have become thc key factors affccting farmers' fores t tand use way. Methods-- A totat number of 654 vatid samptes arc obtained in this paper. By using the muttipte togit modet and taking timber stands as thc reference scheme5, regression cstimates arc made on thc iititization of bamboo forests, economic forests and tindergmvvth economy one by one, in order to empiricatty stiidv the impact of tocation factors and capitat endowment on the Htitization of farmers' woodtands. Results-- The capitat endowment of farmers arc various under different iititization modes of forcsttand. The average age of farmers operating bamboo fores ts is the otdest (55) and thc average age of fanners operating timber fores ts is thc yoiingcst (52). In addition, the average famity income of economic forcst farmers is thc targest at 66, 800 yuan, white thc average famity income of under forest economic fanners is thc smattcst at 47， 200 yuan. And thc differences of tocation factoi's have a dircct impact on the use of forest tand. Among them, thc poputation concentration degrf心 of timber forest farmers is thc highest, which arc 1911 househotds, and that of tindergrowth economy is thc tovvest, which am 1073 househotds. Furthcrmorc, the economic tevet of the vittager where timber forest fanners arc setcctcd is thc highest, which is 8663 yuan, white the average economic tevet of the vittage where the tindergrowth economy farmers arc tocated is thc towest, which is 6265 yuan. In addition ,tocation factors and capitat endowment have a significant impact on thc use of forest tand. Moreover, whether there arc purchasers in thc vittage has a significant negative corrctation vvith thc 5% tevet of farmers' choice of bamboo forcst and economic forest production，and thc probabititv of farmers' choice of operating bamboo forest and economic forcst decreases by 4. 8% and 5. 5% rcspectivety for every 1% increase in thc pmportion of ptirchascrs. Finatty, thc impact of sociat network on farmers' choice of economic forcst prodiiction is significantty negative at thc tevet of 1%，and the pmbabititv of farmers' choice of operating economic forest decreases by 5. 4% every 1% increase of sociat network. Conclusions and Discussions-- Fit'St, the tocation factors and capitat endowment am key factors affccting the wav of thc iititization on farmers' forcsttand and tocationat factoi's in the vittage have purchase business ,whether thc vittage near thc toiirist areas, economic tevet of thc vittage, timber matket prices, forestrv workers and thc age of capitat endowment, such as whether to join the cooperativcs, sociat rctation network, forestry income abititv, financing channets and cuttivatcd tand to thc ntitization on farmers' forcsttand greatty inftuenced. Secondty, thc effeet of tocation factoi's and capitat endowment on farmers vvith different iitilization modes of forcstland is various. Finally, bamboo forcst producers and farmers arc more affectcd by age and ciiltivated land area，while timber forest operators arc more aKcctcd by whether to join cooperativcs, social network, forestrv income capacity and financing channels, 'rherefore, thc government should fully consider the infltienee of location factors when formutating poticies to bcncfit thc people, assist village committces to increase thc constr tie tion of socialized service systems, provide farmfTS vvith more rclevant markct information, create a good villager environment, and stimntate farmers' willingness to invest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tea Science is the property of Journal of Tea Science Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Coal mining is the world's primary means of coping with an increasing energy demand. However, with the mining of coal, the regional ecosystem has been damaged to varying degrees, resulting in a decrease in the "carbon sink" capacity. Vegetation restoration is the basis for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and carbon sequestration functions in mining areas. However, no systematic studies have been conducted on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon in coal mining areas on a global scale. Therefore, it is not possible to accurately predict the response of the global SOC pool to vegetation restoration. In this study, soil physicochemical properties of vegetation restoration were collected from 112 peer-reviewed articles to assess the effects of vegetation restoration type, soil depth, restoration year, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and elevation on soil organic carbon in coal mining areas and to identify relevant key drivers. The results showed that the damaged coal mine area could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the soil through vegetation restoration. The restored soils had 39.02% higher SOC reserves compared to that in unrestored or naturally restored soils. When environmental factors were not considered, the vegetation restoration types that were favorable for SOC stock accumulation were cropland > woodland > grassland > shrubland. All four types of vegetation restoration significantly increased the SOC storage in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Grassland and shrubs significantly increased SOC storage at depth (>40 cm), whereas SOC storage at depth under woodland and farmland types was not significantly different from SOC storage after unrestored or natural restoration. The increasing trend of SOC storage after vegetation restoration decreased with increasing soil depth. The specific vegetation restoration strategy should select the appropriate vegetation type according to the climatic conditions. The types of vegetation restoration with higher carbon sequestration effects in damaged coal mining areas with mean annual temperature <0℃ and mean annual precipitation <500 mm were grassland or shrubland. In contrast, woodland and cropland restoration types could better increase SOC storage in environments with mean annual temperature >15℃ and annual precipitation >800 mm. TN, BD, AN, and AK were the main factors influencing the ability to affect soil carbon sequestration. This study can provide a theoretical reference for quantifying the carbon sequestration effects of different vegetation restoration measures in damaged coal mining areas and the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems.

Ｄｕｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅ ｏｆ ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃ ｇａｓ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ ｉｎ ｇｒｅｅｎｈｏｕｓｅ, ｃｌｉｍａｔｅ ｗａｒｍｉｎｇ ｃａｕｓｅｄ ｇｒｅａｔ ｉｎｃｏｎｖｅｎｉｅｎｃｅ ｔｏ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓ ｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ａｎｄ ｌｉｖｉｎｇ. Ｔｈｅｒｅｆｏｒｅ, ｓｏｉｌ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｐｏｏｌ [ｓｏｉｌ ｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｃａｒｂｏｎ (ＳＯＣ) ａｎｄ ｓｏｉｌ ｉｎｏｒｇａｎｉｃ ｃａｒｂｏｎ(ＳＩＣ)] ｈａｓ ａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄ ｍｕｃｈ ａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ. Ｓｔｒａｗ ｒｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄｓ ａｎｄ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ ｃｈａｎｇｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｉｎｐｕｔ ｃａｒｂｏｎ, ｗｈｉｃｈ ａｆｆｅｃｔｅｄ ｔｈｅ ＳＩＣ ａｎｄ ＳＯＣ ｃｏｎｖｅｒｓｉｏｎ ｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｅｓ ａｎｄ ｓｏｉｌ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｐｏｏｌ. ＳＩＣ ｈａｓ ａ ｌｏｎｇ ｒｅｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ ｔｉｍｅ, ａｎｄ ＳＯＣ ｐｌａｙｓ ａｎ ｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔ ｒｏｌｅ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｓｏｉｌ ａｇｇｒｅｇａｔｅｓ ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ａｄｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎ ｏｆ ｍｉｎｅｒａｌ ｎｕｔｒｉｅｎｔｓ ｆｏｒ ｐｌａｎｔｓ. Ｗｉｔｈ ｒｕｒａｌ ｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎ ｒｅｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ, ｓｔｒａｗ ｒｅｔｕｒｎｉｎｇ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ, ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｌａｎｄ ａｎｄ ｗｏｏｄｌａｎｄ ａｒｅ ｖｅｒｙ ｃｏｍｍｏｎ. Ｔｈｅｒｅ ｉｓ ｌａｃｋ ｏｆ ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｅｆｆｅｃｔｓ ｏｆ ｌａｎｄ ｕｓｅ ｃｈａｎｇｅ ｏｎ ｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔ ｓｏｉｌ ｃａｒｂｏｎｓ. Ｔｈｅ ｒｅｓｕｌｔｓ ｓｈｏｗｅｄ ｔｈａｔ ＳＯＣ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ ｔｏ ｔｈｅ ｓｏｉｌ ｄｅｐｔｈ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ, ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｌａｎｄ, ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗｅｓｔ ｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅ ｆｏｒｅｓｔ ｌａｎｄ. Ｔｈｅ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ ＳＯＣ ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｔｏｐｓｏｉｌ ｏｆ ｆｏｒｅｓｔ ｌａｎｄ ｗａｓ ｔｈｅ ｌａｒｇｅｓｔ, ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ, ａｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｓｍａｌｌｅｓｔ ｗａｓ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ. Ｔｈｅ ＳＯＣ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｗｏｏｄｌａｎｄ ｗａｓ ２.２６ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈａｔ ｉｎ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｌａｎｄ. ＳＯＣ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ ｗａｓ １.３７ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｏｆ ｔｈａｔ ｉｎ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｌａｎｄ ｉｎ ０－１４０ ｃｍ ｓｏｉｌ. Ｔｈｅ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｍｅｎｔ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ ＳＩＣ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｗａｓ ｔｈｅ ｂｉｇｇｅｓｔ, ｆｏｌｌｏｗｅｄ ｂｙ ｆａｒｍｌａｎｄ, ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｌｏｗｅｓｔ ＳＩＣ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｉｎ ｆｏｒｅｓｔｌａｎｄｓ. Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ０－１４０ ｃｍ ｓｏｉｌ ｌａｙｅｒ,ｔｈｅ ＳＩＣ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓ ｗｅｒｅ １２.３７,１１.６８ ａｎｄ ９.７７ ｋｇ� . ｍ-２, ｒｅｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｌｙ. ＳＩＣ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｉｎ ａｂａｎｄｏｎｅｄ ｆｉｅｌｄｓ ｗａｓ １.２７ ｔｉｍｅｓ ｔｈａｔ ｏｆ ｗｏｏｄｌａｎｄ. Ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ ｏｆ ｒｕｒａｌ ａｒｅａｓ ｉｎ Ｃｈｉｎａ, ａ ｎｅｗ ｗａｙ ｏｆ ｌａｎｄ ｕｓｅ ｍａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔ ｈａｓ ｅｍｅｒｇｅｄ, ｅｓｔｉｍａｔｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ ｉｍｐａｃｔ ｏｆ ｌａｎｄ ｕｓｅ ｏｎ ｓｏｉｌ ｃａｒｂｏｎ ｎｅｅｄｓ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒ ＳＯＣ ａｎｄ ＳＩＣ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use type exerts important influences on soil organic carbon (SOC) and its fractions, and determines the stability of the carbon pool. Taking woodland as a reference, the content of SOC and its labile fractions[dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and particulate organic carbon (POC)] and non-labile fractions[mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC)] in upland and paddy surface soils in hilly red soil regions were determined to explore the responses of SOC fractions to land use type. The results showed that the contents of SOC, MBC, POC, and MAOC ranked highest in paddy compared with upland and woodland. DOC content in woodland was significantly higher than in upland and paddy ( P <0.001). The proportion of each SOC fraction, i.e. DOC/SOC, MBC/SOC, POC/SOC, and MAOC/SOC, was in the range of 0.22%-0.93%, 1.62%-2.70%, 31.08%-40.00%, and 43.22%-56.82%, respectively. The contents of labile fractions (MBC and POC) and their proportions (MBC/SOC and POC/SOC) were in the order of paddy > woodland > upland. MAOC content ranked the highest in paddy but the lowest in upland, while MAOC/SOC exhibited the opposite trend. The correlation suggested that the labile fractions (MBC and POC) and inert fraction (MAOC) were significantly positively correlated with SOC ( P <0.001) in the three land use types, while no significant correlations were found between DOC and SOC and its fractions ( P >0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between POC and MBC in upland and woodland ( P <0.001). POC was significantly positively correlated with MAOC in the three land use types ( P <0.001). MAOC and MBC in paddy and upland were significantly positively correlated ( P <0.001). Therefore, compared with upland and woodland, SOC in paddy had a higher proportion of labile SOC fraction, but a lower proportion of inert fraction. Moreover, MBC content in paddy was not related to the accumulation of the labile fraction of POC, but positively related to the accumulation of the inert fraction of MAOC. In summary, agricultural land uses have great influence on SOC and its fractions in hilly red soil regions. Though paddy is beneficial for SOC sequestration, the proportions of labile fractions in its SOC are relatively higher, and thus it is vulnerable to loss due to improper agricultural management.

This study aimed to understand the soil actinobacterial community diversity in the urban and rural hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region. The hydro-fluctuation zone of Chongqing Great Theatre in Jiangbei District and the Ruxi river basin in Zhong County, Chongqing, was chosen as the study area. Soil samples were collected in June 2015, to measure actinobacterial biodiversity using the terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) molecular method. Results showed that:1 The actinobacterial biodiversity was different in the urban and rural hydro-fluctuation zone after artificial vegetation restoration. The actinobacterial biodiversity of the urban hydro-fluctuation zone was significantly higher than that of the rural hydro-fluctuation zone ( P <0.05), which was most obvious in the surface soil. 2 The actinobacterial biodiversity of woodland was higher than that of grassland, but there was no significant difference in the actinobacterial biodiversity among the three soil layers in both the urban and rural hydro-fluctuation zone. 3 The dominant species of actinomycetes was different in different samples. 4 Redundancy analysis and the Monte-Carlo test revealed that water content and available nitrogen (AN) played a critical role in influencing actinobacterial biodiversity in the urban hydro-fluctuation zone ( P <0.05). In contrast, the water content, organic matter (OM), available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) played a critical role in influencing actinobacterial biodiversity in the rural hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir region ( P <0.05). Thus, we concluded that the actinobacterial biodiversity of the urban hydro-fluctuation zone was significantly higher than that of the rural hydro-fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, and such a result was attributed to the increased human disturbance and soil nutrients.

The contents of 8 heavy metal elements (Sr, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) and the lead & strontium isotope composition of soil profile of woodland in Quanzhou city were analyzed by AAS and ICP-MS, respectively. A modified BCR four-step sequential extraction procedure was carried out to obtain the speciation fractionation of heavy metals in the soil profile from 4 stations. The results of the heavy metal elements and the speciation fractionation of heavy metals in the soil profile showed that the heavy metal pollution in the woodland in Quanzhou was relatively light, and the main pollution factor was Sr. The non-residue state of Pb was the highest, leading to the highest activity. The result of Nemero comprehensive pollution index showed that Sr in the depth of 0-60 cm was at heavy pollution level. The results of the RSP showed that the activity of Pb was the highest. The results of EF showed that Pb, Sr, Mn and Zn had exogenous sources. Factor analysis showed that the main sources of heavy metals were the compound pollution of agricultural activities, natural resources, and the vehicle exhaust. Composition of Pb isotopic ratios showed that, Pb in soil profile of woodland in Quanzhou was from vehicle exhaust and parent material. The contribution rates of the two sources in the soil profile were calculated by using the two-mixed model. The contribution rates of parent material and vehicle exhaust were 85.14%(62.53%-98.36%) and 14.86%(1.640%-37.47%) on average, respectively. Strontium isotope tracing results showed that the main sources of strontium were also vehicle exhaust and parent material. Coupling both Pb and Sr isotope ratios agreed with the above mentioned results.