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To identify highly effective antiviral compounds and develop green antiviral agents for plants, 21 α-hydroxy-γ-butyrolactone derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were characterized using ¹H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. The in vivo antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were evaluated in three modes (inactivation, curative, and protective). Bioassay results revealed that many of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-TMV activities. Notably, compound 8o displayed prominent inactivation activity with an EC50 value of 226.2 μg/mL, which was significantly superior to ribavirin (EC50 = 308.4 μg/mL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northwest A & F University - Natural Science Edition is the property of Editorial Department of Journal of Northwest A&F University (Natural Science Edition) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to effectively prevent and control the disease caused by common tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a bacterium strain, Z5, resistant to TMV was isolated from soil and was identified as Bacillus velezensis through morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular biological tests. The culture solution of this bacterium had an in vitro inhibition rate against TMV up to 96.40% and a control effect of 50.43% on TMV in field plot experiments. After the optimization of fermentation condition through a single factor experiment, the optimal medium for strain Z5 was NB medium with glucose and yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources respectively, and the optimum conditions were initial pH 7.0, medium volume 100 mL/250mL and fermentation at 28 ° for 60-72 h. Under the optimized condition, the bacterial count increased by 44.38% and the fermentation broth had a stable inhibitory effect against TMV with an inhibition rate of 98.71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] (Tob acco mosaic virus (TMV) infects tobacco，tomato，pepper and other cash crops and causes huge economic losses to agricultiaral production，antiviral lead compounds and theoretical basis were provided for controlling TMV virias disease by using low toxici¬ ty and high eficiency botanical agents. [Method( Lesion counting was used to detect the activities of TMVafter treating with 11 sesquiterpe- noids from CH!。*— 【Result】11 sesquiterpenoids (100 "g/mL) were sprayed after being inoculated with TMVfor 24 hours，the inhibition rate of Euphorblin E (HZ-7) was 67. 54 '，which was higher than that of the control Ningnanmycin (52. 89 '); inoculated with TMVafter rprayed 11 sesquiterpenoids for 6 hours，the inhibition rate of Euphorblin E (HZ-7) was 72. 29 '，which was higher than that of the control Ningnanmycin (58 . 21 ') .【Conclusion 】The compound Euphorblin E from could be used as a lead compound for the development of environment friendly pesticides against TMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to develop more effective anti-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) agents, 18 noval oligopeptide chiral thioureas containing phosphonate moiety have been synthesized. Substituted benzylamines, amino acids and dialkyl phosphonate were employed as the starting materials. C-to-N synthesis strategy and coupling reagent O-benzotriazole-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylurea(HBTU) were used. The structures of the target compounds were characterized by IR, (1H, 13C, 31P, 19F) NMR and elemental analysis. The Anti-TMV activities of target compounds were evaluated for the first time. The results indicate that these compounds have a high therapeutic effect on TMV, and exhibit good anti-plant virus activities. The curative rates of 5i, 5j and 5p against TMV were 52.6%, 55.7% and 56.1%, respectively, which were comparable to the curative rate (55.4%) of the commercial reference ningnanmycin, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to develop a new type of inhibitors of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), which is efficient, low toxic and environmentally friendly, silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution was synthesized by using novel oligochitosan derivative with structure of quatemary ammonium salt as reducing agent and stabilizer. Different concentrations of silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution were used to test the resistance against TMV. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution showed uniform distribution observed under transmission electron microscope (TEM), the particle diameter were mainly 7-12 nm. The best inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution to necrosis spots on Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc NN was observed at 25 μ g/mL, with inhibition rate of 74.0%, which was 41.5% and 24.4% higher than that of oligochitosan and ningnanmycin, respectively. On Nicotiana tabacum K326, silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution could relieve the decrease of chlorophyll content, improve the activities of defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and polyphenoloxidase (PPO) in TMV-inoculated leaves, reduce the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and accumulate the content of soluble protein. The results suggested that silver nanoparticles in quaternized oligochitosan solution can improve the resistance of tobacco plant against TMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new isoquinoline alkaloid(1) has been isolated from the whole plant of Thalictrum glandulosissimum by using various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, sephadex, MCI-gel resin, and RP-HPLC, and its structure was determined as 1-(6-hydroxy-7-methylisoquinolin-1-yl) ethantone by physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. This compound was evaluated for anti-tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) activity. The results showed that it had prominent anti-TMV activity with inhibition rates of 28.4%. This rate was closed to that of positive control.

Objective: To assess the potential of transient expression of recombinant human plasminogen activator (rhPA) in plants as a cost-effective approach for recombinant rhPA production., Methods: Tobacco mosaic virus-based expression vector pTMV rhPA-NSK and plant binary expression vector pJ Zera-rhPA were constructed by in vitro sequence synthesis and subcloning. The two vectors were inoculated on either Nicotiana benthamiana or N. excelsiana leaves via agroinfiltration. The expression of recombinant rhPA in Nicotiana leaves was examined using Western blotting and ELISA, and the in vitro fibrinolysis activity of plant-produced rhPA was assessed by fibrin agarose plate assay (FAPA)., Results: Five to nine days after infiltration with an Agrobacterium inoculum containing pTMV rhPA-NSK, necrosis appeared in the infiltrated area on the leaves of both Nicotiana plants, but intact recombinant rhPA was still present in the necrotic leaf tissues. The accumulation level of recombinant rhPA in infiltrated N. benthamiana leaves was significantly higher than that in N. excelsiana leaves ( P < 0.05). The yield of recombinant rhPA was up to 0.6% of the total soluble protein (or about 60.0 μg per gram) in the fresh leaf biomass at 7 days post-inoculation. The plant-derived rhPA was bioactive to convert inactive plasminogen to active plasmin. No necrosis occurred in pJ Zera-rhPA-infiltrated leaves. The Zera-rhPA protein was partially cleaved between the site of Zera tag and rhPA sequence in both Nicotiana leaves. We speculated that the formation of Zera tags-induced particles in the plant cells was a dynamic process of progressive aggregation in which some of the soluble polypeptides were encapsulated in these particles., Conclusions: Enzymatically active recombinant rhPA can be rapidly expressed in tobacco plants using the plant viral ampliconbased system, which offers a promising alternative for cost-effective production of recombinant rhPA.

In a previous study, we cloned popW from Ralstonia solanacearum strain ZJ3721, coding PopW, a new harpin protein. The procaryotically expressed PopW can induce resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), enhance growth and improve quality of tobacco, when sprayed onto tobacco leaves. Here, we constructed an expression vector pB- popW by cloning popW into the bionary vector pBI121 and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 via freeze-thaw method. Tobacco (Nicotiana tobacum cv. Xanthi nc.) transformation was conducted by infection of tobacco leaf discs with recombinant A. tumefaciens. After screening on MS medium containing kanamycin, PCR and RT-PCR analysis, 21 T3 lines were identified as positive transgenic. Genomic intergration and expression of the transferred gene were determined by PCR and RT-PCR. And GUS staining analysis indicated that the protein expressed in transgenic tobacco was bioactive and exhibited different expression levels among lines. Disease bioassays showed that the transgenic tobacco had enhanced resistance to TMV with biocontrol efficiency up to 54.25%. Transgenic tobacco also exhibited enhanced plant growth, the root length of 15 d old seedlings was 1.7 times longer than that of wild type tobacco. 60 d after transplanting to pots, the height, fresh weight and dry weight of transgenic tobacco were 1.4, 1.7, 1.8 times larger than that of wild type tobacco, respectively.

Tobacco mosaic virus plays a very important role in the discovery of virus and several pioneers made contributions to the developmental process of virology, through which the brief history of discovery of virus can be traced.