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Osteoporosis is one of the major health threats facing astronauts after space flight. Medium and long-term flight will have a significant impact on the astronauts’ bone health. Astronauts typically lose more bone mass during one month than postmenopausal women on Earth lose in one year. To date, the research and evaluation method for osteoporosis after weightlessness were focused on Bone Mineral Density, Quantified CT scan and biomechanical test. The antagonistic measures for bone loss were similar to the treatment of senile osteoporosis, mainly including exercise, nutritional supplements and pharmacological treatment. In this paper, we summarized the research status in this field at home and abroad, bone health assessment method , the evaluation method for skeletal health and countermeasures for bone loss, Attempt to give some proposals in the astronauts skeletal health management of middle or long-term duration spaceflights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]