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In recent years, many iconic projects of modern architecture in South Asia are facing the crisis of being remodeled or even demolished. These buildings were built in the early days of the independence of South Asian countries, and the modernist style was a representation of the national narrative at that time, which emphasized decolonization, industrialization and modernization. However, from the late 20th century on, with the national narrative changing from a"civic"one to an"ethnic"one, modern architecture gradually disenchanted and was no longer the symbol of national identity. What was worse, it was excluded in the narrative of heritage conservation. As a result, these buildings have to face the crisis of making way for development over time. In this regard, the architects in South Asia are trying to establish a new narrative, in which modern architecture in early independence is interpreted as the result of modernism adapting to the specific context of South Asia in that period, and entanglement of the ideal pursuit of change and progress and the reality in the initial stage of social and economic development. Through this new narrative, modern architecture is"renationalized"and the legitimacy of its conservation is established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Asia shares a large territorial border with China, and is the latter's land "position" to enter the Indian Ocean and an important part of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road." Based on the conflict data in South Asia collected from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Database, the Global Terrorism Database, and the Uppsala Conflict Database, the spatial and temporal changes and intensity distribution of conflicts during 2011-2020 were explored using geostatistical methods such as nuclear density, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial hot spot detection and analysis. The results revealed the following: (1) From 2011 to 2020, the number of conflicts in South Asia increased, but the number of casualties decreased. From the perspective of spatial distribution, regional conflict events are concentrated in the "outer ring of South Asia," and the cluster centers form a "trapezoid" pattern. The Kashmir-Sindh line is a trapezoid at the top bottom, and the Dhaka-Chettisgar-Tamilnad-Colombo line is a trapezoid at the bottom. The conflicts in South Asia exhibit a tendency of similar aggregation, and their distribution is affected by the surrounding region. The secondary administrative regions with positive spatial autocorrelation accounted for about 1/5 of the total, and the aggregate effect of war events was the most significant, andthat of armed conflict events was weak. The distribution of H-H clustering regions for each event type was inconsistent, but L-L clustering regions were mainly distributed in the center of the continent. (2) The distribution range of conflict intensity first increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum in 2017. In Pakistan, there were many areas of conflict intensity distribution, which did not change significantly at the end of the period. In India, the range of conflict intensity distribution first increased and then decreased. The intensity hot spots first spread to Baluchistan, and then shifted to the northeast and southeast, forming two hotspots centered on Kashmir and Chhattisgarh in 2020, with no cold spots. At present, the activities of non-state actors are more fluid and involve more areas, so it is difficult to form new hotspots. Kashmir will remain a hotspot of conflict, and the concentration trend of Chhattisgarh will decline. Baluchistan should be watched closely. (3) The regional conflicts in South Asia are affected by political parties, and power, identity, natural, and other factors. The source of the conflicts is the differences in national identity and religious belief, and they are promoted by state actors, ethnic separatist organizations, religious extremist organizations, and other actors. State factors play a leading role, while the religious and ethnic factors are intractable diseases. The current study has the following limitations. First, this study utilized a large amount of data, with more loyal manual participation in data fusion, cleaning and other work, and there is room for further improvement of accuracy. Second, the driving mechanism of South Asia has not been deeply discussed. The causes of conflicts in South Asia are complicated, and quantitative detection is the next research direction.

South Asia shares a large territorial border with China, and is the latter's land "position" to enter the Indian Ocean and an important part of the "21st Century Maritime Silk Road." Based on the conflict data in South Asia collected from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Database, the Global Terrorism Database, and the Uppsala Conflict Database, the spatial and temporal changes and intensity distribution of conflicts during 2011- 2020 were explored using geostatistical methods such as nuclear density, spatial autocorrelation, and spatial hot spot detection and analysis. The results revealed the following: (1) From 2011 to 2020, the number of conflicts in South Asia increased, but the number of casualties decreased. From the perspective of spatial distribution, regional conflict events are concentrated in the "outer ring of South Asia, " and the cluster centers form a "trapezoid" pattern. The Kashmir-Sindh line is a trapezoid at the top bottom, and the Dhaka-Chettisgar-Tamilnad- Colombo line is a trapezoid at the bottom. The conflicts in South Asia exhibit a tendency of similar aggregation, and their distribution is affected by the surrounding region. The secondary administrative regions with positive spatial autocorrelation accounted for about 1/5 of the total, and the aggregate effect of war events was the most significant, andthat of armed conflict events was weak. The distribution of H-H clustering regions for each event type was inconsistent, but L-L clustering regions were mainly distributed in the center of the continent. (2) The distribution range of conflict intensity first increased and then decreased, reaching the maximum in 2017. In Pakistan, there were many areas of conflict intensity distribution, which did not change significantly at the end of the period. In India, the range of conflict intensity distribution first increased and then decreased. The intensity hot spots first spread to Baluchistan, and then shifted to the northeast and southeast, forming two hotspots centered on Kashmir and Chhattisgarh in 2020, with no cold spots. At present, the activities of non-state actors are more fluid and involve more areas, so it is difficult to form new hotspots. Kashmir will remain a hotspot of conflict, and the concentration trend of Chhattisgarh will decline. Baluchistan should be watched closely. (3) The regional conflicts in South Asia are affected by political parties, and power, identity, natural, and other factors. The source of the conflicts is the differences in national identity and religious belief, and they are promoted by state actors, ethnic separatist organizations, religious extremist organizations, and other actors. State factors play a leading role, while the religious and ethnic factors are intractable diseases. The current study has the following limitations. First, this study utilized a large amount of data, with more loyal manual participation in data fusion, cleaning and other work, and there is room for further improvement of accuracy. Second, the driving mechanism of South Asia has not been deeply discussed. The causes of conflicts in South Asia are complicated, and quantitative detection is the next research direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Based on the GlobeLand30 data in 2000, 2010 and 2020, the artificial surface expansion of South Asian countries during 2000-2010 and 2010-2020 was analyzed by using the spatial scanning statistics, landscape expansion index as well as Lorenz curve. By combining the spatial distribution pattern of the artificial surface with evolution process, we investigated the spatio-temporal variation and spatial structure of artificial surface in South Asia. Results showed that: 1) The overall artificial surface area of South Asia continues to expand, with the expansion rate increasing from 0. 42% in 2000-2010 to 2. 59% in 2010-2020. 2) India has seen the largest increase in artificial surface area over the past 20 years, with Bhutan expanding at the fastest rate. In the process of artificial surface expansion in South Asia, there are significant spatial hot spots, and the spatial hot spots migrate at different time periods. 3) In western Pakistan, central Sri Lanka, northwestern Bangladesh, and eastern and southern India, enclave type patches have increased, and the artificial surface shows the characteristics of scattered and disordered diffusion expansion. The new patch types in northern India, eastern Sri Lanka and southeastern Bangladesh shift from enclave type to infilling and edge-expansion type, showing a pattern of change from diffusion to dense aggregation type. 4) The expansion of artificial surface in South Asian countries differs greatly on the scales of cities, which leads to obvious imbalances in the expansion of artificial surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Eight South Asian countries and eleven Southeast Asian countries along the "One Belt and One Road" are areas with high incidences of parasitic diseases. Due to the influence of geographical location, economic status, cultural background, and dietary habits, several human parasites such as Plasmodium spp, Leishmania spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Giardia lamblia, Blastocystis hominis, Entamoeba histolytica, Trichomonas vaginalis, schistosoma japonicum, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiruss trichiura, hookworm, strongyloides stercoralis, Enterobius vermicularis, tapeworms, and filaria are prevalent. Parasitic diseases are a serious public health problem in these regions. Analyzing the epidemic situation of parasitic diseases in South and Southeast Asian countries along the "One Belt and One Road", and formulating targeted measures of prevention and control are helpful for preventing the occurrence of cross-border infectious diseases, promoting close cooperation between countries, and completely eliminating parasitic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Polyspora Sweet are evergreen tree of Theaceae with 50 species, mainly distributed in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Polyspora have high ornamental value, can be used as landscape trees in tropical and subtropical regions. Some of them have edible and medicinal values. Based on the brief introduction of the germplasm resources and application of the genus Polyspora, the research progress of its systematic evolution and taxonomy, reproductive characteristics, physiological characteristics, ecological habits, seedling technology, chemical components and pharmacological activities were reviewed in detail. This review point out that in the future, we should expand the research scope and species of the genus, and strengthen the germplasm resources collection, phylogeny, genetic diversity and so on. We should pay more attention to the introduction, cultivation, and germplasm innovation of the genus, and fully explore its medicinal value, and carry out clinical research. This review paper will provide theoretical basis and reference for further research of Polyspora plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study further clarified the influence of the westerlies and the South Asia monsoon on both the water vapor transport and precipitation in the Three-River Headwaters Region. ERA-20C reanalysis datasets were used to perform an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) decomposition of the water vapor transport flux of the Three-River Headwaters Region during the rainy seasons of 1948-2010. The EOF mode and index were acquired that can indicate whether the water vapor transport in the investigated region is controlled by the westerlies or the South Asia monsoon. The spatial patterns of water vapor transport and precipitation in the region were found under control of the westerlies or the South Asia monsoon. Under control of the westerlies,the water vapor transport direction inside the region was NW-SE. The westerlies and the South Asia monsoon converged at the south boundary of the region;furthermore,precipitation increased significantly in the east and south of the region (i.e.,the majority of the Lancang River headwater and east of the Yellow River headwater). Under control of the South Asia monsoon,the water vapor transport direction was S-N,the two water vapor transport paths converged in the north,and precipitation increased significantly in the north (i.e.,the majority of the Yangtze River headwater,and the north of the Yellow River headwater). The westerlies and the South Asia monsoon both exerted a vital influence on precipitation in the Three-River Headwaters Region. Water vapor transport paths controlled by either the westerlies or the South Asia monsoon led to positive precipitation anomalies in different parts of the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Secretary (16742354) is the property of Secretary Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Southern Agriculture is the property of Journal of Southern Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents an investigation on certain anthropological-social aspects and the social organization of women with a focus on female education and women’s rights in Islam in South Asia, and especially in the subcontinent. It starts with the Moghul period and then turns to the colonial era and contemporary developments. Through the movement for independence from colonial rule of Britain, the Muslim identity in the South Asian region rose in a state of transformation, reform and development. This occurred due to several factors that encouraged the regeneration and reviewing of Indian society in response to the condemnation, discrimination and chauvinism of their colonial rulers and their deep-seated legacy. Women of the society, who were censured to be subjugated by the native men as entitled by colonial rulers, empowered this transformation by taking direct and indirect participation in it even though patriarchal norms and mind-sets have been a durable feature of South Asian society, cutting across faith communities and social strata, including the Hindu, Buddhist and other non-Islamic traditions on the subcontinent. While religious arguments are generally used in efforts to preserve the asymmetrical status of men and women in economic, political, and social arenas, this investigation attempts to show that religious traditions in South Asia are not monolithic in their perceptions of gender and women’s education. The structure of gender roles in these traditions is a consequence of various historical practices and ideological influences. Today, there is a substantial variability within and between religious communities concerning the social status of women. At different times and in different milieus, religious points of view have been deployed to validate male authority over women and, in opposition, to call for more impartial gender relations.

Copyright of Journal of Education Research (1680-6360) is the property of Angle Publishing Co., Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chengda Lishi Xuebao (Cheng Kung Journal of Historical Studies) is the property of Guoli Chenggong Daxue, Lishi Xuexi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A sample of 255 cases of GeJia people (male 133, female 122) was investigated on 5 tongue moving types, including tongue rolling, tongue folding, tongue twisting,pointed tongue and clover-leaf tongue. The results as followed: (1)The Gene Frequency of tongue rolling was R = 0. 295, r= 0. 705 ; tongue folding was F= 0. 874, f = 0. 12 6 ; tongues twisting was T= 0. 562, t=0. 438; pointed tongue was P= 0. 259, p = 0. 741 ; clover-leaf tongue was C= 0. 028, c= 0. 972. Signficant sexual difference was found in the frequency of rolling tongue, no significant sexual difference were found in other frequencies of 4 tongue moving types. (2) In internal population, GeJia people had the low frequencies of tongue rolling, tongue folding, tongue pointed. The frequency of tongue, twisting lower than Dong, DuLong, Hui, Daur, and close to almost internal population. The frequency of clover-leaf tongue, had contrast statistics significance with South Asian type and North Asian type. (3)There had no contrast statistics significance between GeJia's frequency of tongue twisting, pointed tongue, clover-leaf tongue and Miao's. The frequency of tongue rolling, tongue folding apparent lower than local Miao's and had contrast statistics significance. The results of cluster analysis showed that GeJia prople and Miao were similar and had the difference with other South population. (4) The tongue rolling was correlative with tongue twisting and pointed tongue. The results showed the gene of tongue rolling and tongue twisting; tongue folding and pointed tongue had interactive relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first image of "Naga" in ancient Indian legend is half women half serpent demon which still exists in the relief on the temple of south Asia. Through Brahmanism, "Naga" got into the early Indian Buddhism. Then, by way of Tibet, Centre Asia and other places, "Naga" spread into China where it was mixed with the Chinese concept of "Dragon" via Geyi concept in Chinese translated Buddhist surras. The integration of "Naga" expands the Chinese concept of "Dragon" which took some changes after the Six-Dynasties. At the same time when "Naga" got into the Chinese words, her nature enemy "Garuda" entered too. This article focuses on the overlap between the translation history and culture history in this cross-civilization circle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]