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【Objective】To evaluate the application of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing traits in maize hybrids.【Method】89 hybrid maize varieties in Yunnan Province for DUS testing in 2020-2021 were used as materials, based on the tested data, diversity and correlation analysis were conducted for 38 testing traits, and cluster analysis was conducted for 89 hybrids.【Result】A total of 191 expression states were detected for 38 traits in 89 maize hybrids, with an average of 5.0263 detected for each trait, with a range of 2~8. The average effective expression state was 2.8217, with a range of 1.0227~6.0697. The average Shannon-Weaver diversity index for 38 traits was 1.0669, with a range of 0.0616~1. 9069. The diversity performance of different traits is varies greatly, with some traits showing only 2 expression states in 89 maize varieties, and the number of effective expression states and Shannon-Weaver diversity index are relatively low. There are 8 expression states for some traits in 89 maize varieties, and the number of effective expression states and Shannon-Weaver diversity index are relatively high. Among the 38 testing traits, 12 pairs of traits had a highly significant positive correlation. The correlation coefficients between pollination stage and heading stage, and between plant spike height and plant spike height/plant height ratio were higher, 0.94 and 0.90, respectively. The above results indicate that the diversity of the tested traits in the current maize DUS testing guidelines in hybrids is good, and the variety differentiation is strong. It is also suggested that there are traits with significant correlations among traits, and special considerations should be taken in the determination of specificity and substantial derived varieties, different weights can be given based on their importance to calibrate the judgment results. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity coefficient of 89 hybrids ranged from 0.24 to 0.53, which could be clustered into five major groups. Group IV included 81 varieties, accounting for 91.0%, the similarity coefficient of the closest variety in this group was 0.53, indicating that Yunnan maize hybrids had good diversity and significant differences among varieties.【Conclusion】The current maize DUS testing traits still maintain high discrimination in maize hybrid varieties testing, with rich diversity of testing traits and a highly significant positive correlation between 12 pairs of testing traits.

The purpose of this article was to introduce the basic concepts, calculation methods, two examples and SAS implementation related to the variable cluster analysis. Basic concepts included variable cluster analysis, similarity coefficient, variable clustering methods, class composition and class structure. The calculation approaches involved the calculation process of the similarity coefficient method and the eigenvalue method. The data involved in the two examples were measurement results of 10 related indicators in 60 normal males and measurement results of 7 indicators in 36 rabbits. With the help of SAS software, a comprehensive variable cluster analysis was carried out on the quantitative data in the two cases, and a reasonable explanation was given for the output results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] To evaluate the application of distinctness, uniformity, and stability (DUS) testing traits in maize hybrids. [Method] 89 hybrid maize varieties in Yunnan Province for DUS testing in 2020-2021 were used as materials, based on the tested data, diversity and correlation analysis were conducted for 38 testing traits, and cluster analysis was conducted for 89 hybrids.[Result] A total of 191 expression states were detected for 38 traits in 89 maize hybrids, with an average of 5.0263 detected for each trait, with a range of 2~8. The average effective expression state was 2.8217, with a range of 1.0227~6.0697. The average Shannon-Weaver diversity index for 38 traits was 1.0669, with a range of 0.0616～1. 9069. The diversity performance of different traits is varies greatly, with some traits showing only 2 expression states in 89 maize varieties, and the number of effective expression states and Shannon-Weaver diversity index are relatively low. There are 8 expression states for some traits in 89 maize varieties, and the number of effective expression states and Shannon-Weaver diversity index are relatively high. Among the 38 testing traits, 12 pairs of traits had a highly significant positive correlation. The correlation coefficients between pollination stage and heading stage, and between plant spike height and plant spike height/plant height ratio were higher, 0.94 and 0.90, respectively. The above results indicate that the diversity of the tested traits in the current maize DUS testing guidelines in hybrids is good, and the variety differentiation is strong. It is also suggested that there are traits with significant correlations among traits, and special considerations should be taken in the determination of specificity and substantial derived varieties, different weights can be given based on their importance to calibrate the judgment results. Cluster analysis showed that the similarity coefficient of 89 hybrids ranged from 0.24 to 0.53, which could be clustered into five major groups. Group IV included 81 varieties, accounting for 91.0%, the similarity coefficient of the closest variety in this group was 0.53, indicating that Yunnan maize hybrids had good diversity and significant differences among varieties. [Conclusion] The current maize DUS testing traits still maintain high discrimination in maize hybrid varieties testing, with rich diversity of testing traits and a highly significant positive correlation between 12 pairs of testing traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this study, the species diversity and geographical distribution pattern of wild Gesneriaceae in Guizhou Province were studied based on the establishment of a list and geographical distribution database of wild Gesneriaceae in Guizhou Province. The species composition, endemism, horizontal distribution, vertical distribution and similarity were analyzed, through the literature and a field investigation, and the hotspots of Gesneriaceae in Guizhou were determined by a complementary algorithm. The results are as follows:(1)There are 153 species(including subspecies)of Gesneriaceae in Guizhou Province, belonging to 2 tribes, 8 subtribes, and 28 genera. These plants are distributed among 75 county-level administrative districts. There are 128 species endemic to China and 45 endemic to Guizhou, and the vertical distribution is the most abundant at altitudes section of 900-1 300 m.(2)The calculation of the provincial similarity coefficient showed that Guizhou and Guangxi had the highest similarity. Finally, 10 hot spots were selected, representing 75% of the Gesneriaceae plants.(3)Guizhou Province is a typical karst plateau mountainous area that is rich in species of Gesneriaceae, especially Oreocharis, Primulina, Petrocodon and Paraboea, which have high species diversity and regional specificity. This study can provide a theoretical reference for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Gesneriaceae plant resources in Guizhou Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For understanding the status of soil seed bank and providing updated prediction for vegetation restoration in Toutang small watershed of Jinsha River, soil samples were collected from five typical plantations for seed germination test. The results showed that:(1) there were 22 families of plants, 41 species of plants. Among them, the vast majority was herbaceous plants, with 34 species, accounting for 82.930%; shrubs, with 4 species, accounting for 9.756%; and trees, with 3 species, accounting for 7.317%.(2) The order of the density of seed germination was upper layer, middle layer and lower layer from high to low. The density of upper seeds was significantly higher than the middle and the lower. There was little difference in terms of number of seeds at middle layer and lower layer.(3) The largest seed reserves was Pinus yunnanensis-Pinus armandi mixed plantation with 933 grains/m~2, the lowest seed reserves was P. yunnanensis with only 399 grains/m~2.(4) The richness of species was in the order of P. yunnanensis × P. armandi, P. armandi, Alnus nepalensis, P. yunnanensis and Acacia dealbata.(5) There were some similarity between soil seed bank and vegetation composition, and the similarity coefficient was 0.222 2～0.500 0. Except for the low similarity coefficient of A. nepalensis, the calculation results of the similarity coefficients of other plots showed that the above-ground vegetation and soil seed band were moderately similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal is the property of Chinese Medical Equipment Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology, Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Chongqing University of Posts & Telecommunications and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology / Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant endophytic fungi is a special kind of microorganisms mutualistic ally symbiosed with host plants. The special microbial resources have attracted tremendous interests in recent years, because of their potential to address problems associated with enhanced plant growth in environmental stress of mines and to improve the efficiency of ecological restoration. With a long peoriod of evolution, endophytic fungi and their host plants have formed a closemutual symbiotic relationship. Many beneficial biological effects have been made on the host plants, and they have the important ecological significance in plant community succession process. It is widely attracted using plants-microorganisms to enhance plant growth in environmental stress of mines, and to improve biological restoration efficiency, and its significance to host plants has become a new hot issue. In order to make clear the species diversity, community composition and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi, we carried out our work among 7 species of common ferns in potassium mine areas in Longnan, South Jiangxi Province. They are Dicranopteris linearis, Woodwardia japonica, Athyrium yokoscense, Stenoloma chusanum, Lygodium japonicum, Asplenium sarelii and Pteris multifida. And we analyzed the diversity of endophytic fungi, using the method of tissue isolation, morphological identification. The results showed that 377 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from 7 species of plants, and the separation rate ranged from 2.50% to 4.52%. All of 377 strains belong to 25 genera, and among them, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Verticillium,which are found in all these 7 fern species, indicated that they were dominant, but there were obvious differences in the distribution in each fern species. The total separation rate and the colonization rate of entophytic fungi from leaves are generally greater than that from the rhizomes, but there are some differences in the total separation rate and the colonization rate from different parts of each fern species. The diversity indexes of endophytic fungi range from 0.502 to 0.867 in the seven species of ferns. It indicated that there was high diversity of endophytic fungi in potassium mines and the low similarity of endophytic fungi in different ferns in the same mine areas. The similarity coefficients of the endophytic fungi in the seven species of ferns were from 0.189 to 0.587. The results of this study would not only enrich germplasm resources of plant endophytic fungi, but also would offer basic data for further research on the mechanism that endophytic fungi could strengthen the adaptation of the host plant on mineral nutrition and stress physiology in potassium mine areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the endophytic fungal communities of Stipa sp. roots in different types of steppes in the north of China, root tissues of Stipa sp. were collected from six different types of steppes, i.e., subalpine meadow, alpine meadow, Gobi desert, desert steppe, typical steppe, and meadow steppe across Xinjiang, Gansu and Inner Mongolia. A total of 213 isolates were obtained and sequenced, which were divided into 51 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the 97% similarity threshold and classified to 4 phyla, 7 classes, 23 families and 27 genera. Ascomycota was found to be the predominant flora (93.4% of the total isolates) at the level of phylum and distributed in all the six steppe types. The dominant genera other than Fusarium (41.3 of the total isolates) in the six steppe types were different, such as Microdochium in subalpine meadow, Saccharicola and Aureobasidium in alpine meadow, Curvularia and Rhizopus in Gobi desert and Trichoderma in typical steppe. The endophytic fungal community from the alpine meadow contained the most abundant groups at the level of genus and phylum, and had the highest Margalef index, Shannon index and second highest evenness index after the desert steppe. By contrast, the lowest Margalef index was observed in the desert steppe and the lowest Shannon index and evenness index were found in the typical steppe. Furthermore, endophytic fungal communities from alpine meadow and desert steppe showed low similarity coefficients (0.12-0.25 and 0.13-0.22, respectively) with other steppe types. However, the similarity coefficients among the other four steppe types were relatively high, especially between the typical steppe and the meadow steppe (0.60). Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the altitude and latitude were the main environmental factors affecting endophytic fungal community distribution in the roots of Stipa sp. in the six steppe types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 58 varieties in Lonicera japonica from 20 producing areas were amplified by 22 pairs of SSR primers. Seven pairs of polymorphic primers were screened and their primers were used to establish DNA identity card and analyze genetic similarity.All the 58 varieties could be distinguished each other by the DNA identity card constituted by 7 pairs of core SSR primers.The genetic similarity coefficients of 58 varieties ranged from 0.366 7 to 0.916 7 by using PopGene32（vesion1.32）. Furthermore, all the varieties consistency were classified into 4 groups and constructed an evaluation table according to cluster analysis by an un-weighted pair-group average method with arithmetic mean. As expected, the results of cluster and evaluation table reflected 58 varieties relatives, which provide reference information for the selection of fine germplasm of L. japonica and the theoretical basis for the study of Dao-di herbs., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Endophytic fungi from the fruit of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were studied, to understand the characteristics of microbial community composition on this ancient and peculiar wild plant. Healthy fruits were collected from areas of the natural distribution of P. tatarinowii in Langyashan Natural Reserve, Anhui Province, China. Endophytic fungi were isolated from fruit tissue, and fungal strains were classified on the basis of morphology. From 500 tissue blocks taken from fruit, a total of 428 isolates of endophytic fungi were identified and classified into 20 genera, 4 families, and 3 orders. Eighty strains showed no reproductive structures, and were classified as Mycelia sterilia (18.7%). The dominant families were Dematiaceae and Sphaeropsidaceae, occupying 38.1% and 32.9% of isolates, respectively. Alternaria and Phomopsis were the dominant genera, accounting for 27.1% and 16.8% of isolates. Different parts of the fruit had different compositions of endophytes. The highest number of fungi was isolated from seeds (19 genera, 181 strains, 42.3%), and the lowest from fruiting wings (7 genera, 88 strains, 20.6%). Alternaria was the commonest genus of endophytes, isolated from three different parts of the fruit. Phomopsis and Macrophoma were the dominant genera on carpopodium and fruiting wings, respectively. The communities on carpopodium and fruiting wings were most similar to one another (C S =0.78), while those on fruiting wings and seeds were least similar (C S =0.50). Fisher's exact test showed no significant difference between the compositions of endophytes from the carpopodium and fruiting wings, while significant diffe-rences were observed between communities on seed and carpopodium, and seed and fruiting wings.