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Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fresh shiitake mushroom is rich in various nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, with antioxidant, anti-tumor, antibacterial and immunoenhancing effects. Due to its short storage life and susceptibility to deterioration, fresh shiitake mushroom is usually processed into dried products, which can effectively extend the storage period. The Maillard reaction during the drying process can provide a special flavor to shiitake mushroom, and the rehydration characteristics of dried shiitake mushroom are important factors determining its quality. This paper introduces the drying and rehydration processes of shiitake mushroom and the advantages and disadvantages of different rehydration methods, and reviews the characteristics of different rehydration methods, the factors affecting the rehydration process and the influence of rehydration on the quality of shiitake mushroom as well as recent progress on the modeling of rehydration kinetics. In addition, it deeply discusses the changes of texture, flavor, color and cell structure during the rehydration process of shiitake mushroom. The aim of this review is to provide new ideas and references for research on shiitake mushroom rehydration and processing.

Hydration status refers to the balance between the intake and discharge of water in the body. When the ingested and discharged water are roughly equal and the body is in water balance, it is the normal hydration status, and when the water intake is too little or too much, it is the "dehydration" or "overhydration status". The hydration status of the body not only affects metabolism, but also affects the functions of the urinary system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, etc. In order to further clarify the relationship between body hydration status and decompression sickness (DCS), this paper reviewed relevant studies and analyzed the interaction between hydration and decompression safety during diving. The primary causes of dehydration in diving are "hyperbaric diuresis", "immersion diuresis", breathing dry gas, heat, and cold. Dehydration not only promotes the occurrence of DCS but also reduces the aerobic work efficiency and athletic performance of divers, as well as affects cognition and mood. A study found that appropriate rehydration before and during diving can reduce the risk of DCS, which possibly associates with the increase of blood volume, plasma surface tension, and vasoconstriction. Fluid therapy is also important for those who already have DCS. This paper analyzed the amount, nature, timing, and effect of rehydration involved in the above links, comprehensively sorted out the relationship between hydration and diving safety, summarized the existing problems, and provided reference for practical application and future research.

Copyright of Food & Fermentation Industries is the property of Food & Fermentation Industries and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract [Objective] Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao is an important primitive plant of astragali radix, and its main planting areas are arid and semi-arid areas in Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Gansu, and other places. Irregular intermittent rainfalls cause drought and rehydration cycle in plants. Studying the characteristics of metabolites in A . membranaceus var. mongholicus during drought and rehydration is crucial to understand the drought tolerance mechanism in response to natural intermittent rainfalls. [Methods] The seedlings of annual A . membranaceus var. mongholicus were used as materials. After repeated drought and rehydration treatment, soil nutrients and root growth in potted plants were measured. The primary metabolites of A . membranaceus var. mongholicus were analyzed using NMR based technology. Differential metabolite screening and metabolic pathway were analyzed. Total flavonoids, total saponins, and polysaccharides in the roots of A . membranaceus var. mongholicus were determined. [Results] (1) A . membranaceus var. mongholicus showed a trend of decreasing in root diameter and increasing in root length and fibrous root density under drought stress. (2) Under drought and rehydration treatment, a total of 42 metabolites were detected, containing mainly amino acids and their derivatives, organic acids, amines, ammonia compounds, and sugars. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that amino acid metabolism pathways were mainly affected during repeated drought stress. Plant drought resistance was enhanced by increasing the content of aspartate, alanine, glutamate, proline, and arginine, as well as reducing the content of asparagine, tryptophan, and 4-aminobutyrate. Specifically, the increase in metabolites such as alanine, glutamate, and proline was 1-3 times, while metabolites such as tryptophan and 4-aminobutyric acid were decreased by 1-2 times. (3) Under the first round of drought stress, the accumulation of astragaloside was decreased; after the second round of drought stress, the production of three active substances, namely astragaloside, total flavonoids, and polysaccharides, showed a downward trend. [Conclusion] Amino acids and their derivatives are closely related in response to drought stress in A . membranaceus var. mongholicus. Plant regulates its secondary metabolites in response to environmental changes

To investigate the effects of different drying methods on the rehydration and quality characteristic of low salt pickled abalone, this study used vacuum freeze drying, cold air drying and hot air drying to dry them. The mass volume and rehydration rate of the rehydration process were studied. Low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to study the water distribution during the rehydration process and investigated the changes in the samples of color, texture, tissue morphology and free amino acids after rehydration. The results showed that the rehydration rate of vacuum freeze-dried abalone was 278.73% at 72 hours, which was significantly higher than that of cold-air dried abalone and hot-air dried abalone (P

[Objective] Crops often suffer from interval drought and rehydration (rainfall or irrigation) during the whole growth period, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. Under drought stress, the growth and development of crops are inhibited, and the yield is reduced; meanwhile, the plants drought tolerance will be induced. In order to compensate loss of yield or growth induced by drought stress, crop often shows compensatory after rehydration, which produces compensation or even over compensation effect on yield. The compensation effect of post drought is the result of crop’s positive response to drought stress and compensatory growth after rehydration. It can effectively improve crop yield and water use efficiency in crop production in arid areas. [Methods] Source sink relationship is widely used to explain the crop yield formation, and regulating the source sink relationship is one of key way to improve crop yield. The compensation effect of post drought is highly related to the source sink response of crops. Based on the current research progress, this paper tries to explain the compensation effect of post drought in source and sink way. [Results] Under the drought stress, in the source, the stomata were closed, photosynthesis was decreased and soluble carbohydrate accumulation was increased, while sink activity was often increased. After rehydration, the metabolism of soluble carbohydrate in the source (leaf) was enhanced, which enhanced the photosynthesis and the ability of carbohydrate synthesis; meanwhile, the sink activity (grain) was maintained at a high level, and the rate of assimilate unloading and accumulation was accelerated; the assimilate in the flow remained at a high level. During this process, the activities of sucrose invertase (INV), cell wall invertase (CW-INV) and fructan exohydrolases (1-FEH w3) play important roles in the source sink response to the compensation effect of post-drought. [Conclusion] This paper integrated the mechanism of compensation effect of post drought in the perspective of source sink relationship, which provides a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism of compensation effect of post drought and improving crop water efficient in arid areas.

Copyright of Storage & Process is the property of Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Food Industry is the property of Science & Technology of Food Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Prataculturae Sinica is the property of Acta Prataculturae Sinica Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The effects of mixed culture fermentation with yeast, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus on the quality of non-fried instant noodles were studied by rehydration test, texture analysis, electronic nose analysis and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observation. The results showed that yeast largely affected the rehydration property and texture, while L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus were mainly responsible for improving the flavor of non-fried instant noodles. The primary fermentation process was conducive to maintaining the cooking tolerance of non-fried instant noodles, while the secondary fermentation process was beneficial to improve the rehydration property and flavor, reducing the rehydration time to 4.0 min; the R(2) and R(7) responses of the rehydrated sample were 2.8 and 2.9, respectively. The SEM results showed that the samples had a uniform pore distribution after the secondary fermentation. Taken collectively, the optimal starter culture for the primary and secondary fermentation was 1.5% yeast + 0.075% L. bulgaricus + 0.075% S. thermophilus.

The article studied the effects of drought stress and rehydration on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Hibiscus leaves. Results showed that Y (Ⅱ), qP, NPQ, ETR are increased of drought stress for 25 days, except for Fv/Fm decreased significantly. Fv/Fm showed tendency of stop falling and rebound, and parameters such as Y (Ⅱ), qP, NPQ, ETR returned to the CK level after one day of rehydration. The results of RLC by the modified rectangular hyperbolic model showed that moderate drought stress improves the initiation of the photochemical reaction of Hibiscus, and has the highest light energy utilization efficiency of low light conditions. When the light intensity exceeds 190 μmol/(m²·s), the adaptability for light energy utilization efficiency of CK and one day after rehydration is stronger, and it has the greatest adaptability and photosynthetic activity of light intensity changing. The research concluded that Hibiscus has better self-regulation ability under drought stress, has a good ability for repairing of photosynthetic system damaged. It exhibits stronger resistance to drought stress, and can be cultivated and applied in arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to improve the drying rate and rehydration of tilapia meat, the freeze-drying characteristics and quality changes of blanched or steamed fish meat were analyzed. The effect of heat pretreatment on the quality of freeze-dried fish meat was elucidated by considering the denaturation degree of myofibrillar protein, water distribution and microstructural changes in fish meat during the drying process. The results showed that heat pretreatment could effectively improve the drying rate of tilapia meat, shortening the drying time by nine hours compared with the control group; blanching was more effective than steaming. The rehydration temperature range for tilapia meat was expanded by heat pretreatment, and good rehydration was observed at 50–80 ℃. The rehydration temperature for the control samples was 80 ℃, and the rehydration rate of the 10 min heat treatment group was more than 60%, indicating that the dried product can be rapidly rehydrated. The hardness of the rehydrated fish meat was similar to that of cooked fresh fish meat, and it had good mouthfeel. Heat pretreatment caused significant denaturation of myofibrillar protein and consequently changes in water distribution and a conspicuous increase in the peak area of transverse relaxation time T23, indicating that the increase in free water content after heat treatment is an important reason for the increase in freeze-drying rate. The experimental results can provide technical support for the development of ready-to-eat dried fish products that are suitable for rehydration.

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to explore whether ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) could continuously promote the compensatory growth of maize after drought, so as to serve water saving in agriculture. [Methods]Corn variety‘Zhengdan 985’was used as experimental material, and an AOB strain S2＿8＿1 was used as the test strain. Pot experiments were used. The experimental treatment design included: conventional wetting means blank control (WT),wet with AOB strain inoculation during moist period (WI),wet with AOB strain inoculation during rewatering period (WR),rewatering after drought (DT),inoculated with AOB strain after emergence and rehydrated after drought (DI) and rewatering after drought and inoculating AOB strain during the rewatering period (DR) . The biomass, zeatin nucleoside content, net photosynthetic rate, soil nitrification rate of rhizosphere soil and other indicators of corn were measured to explore the influence of AOB on the compensatory growth of corn after rewatering after drought. [Results]Inoculated of S2＿8＿1 after emergence (DI),the growth of rehydrated corn after drought was promoted. 10 days after rehydration, compared with the blank control, the rhizosphere nitrification rate increased by 55.1%,which caused the cytokinin concentration in the leaves increased by 17.4%,resulting in net photosynthetic rate increased by 24.8%,and finally caused the total biomass increased by 22.8% compared with the blank control, which promoted its compensatory growth, and the water use efficiency increased by 84.0%. Similarly, the over-compensatory growth of maize was also promoted by inoculation of AOB strain in the rewatering period after drought treatment with DR. [Conclusions]Inoculation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria can continue to play a stable role and promote the compensatory growth of rehydrated maize after drought, improve water use efficiency, and have great significance to agricultural water-saving production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis is the property of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dried instant rice noodles are a convenience food, and they have shown rapid development in recent years. However, there are many disadvantages of dried instant rice noodles, such as long rehydration time, high turbidity of soup, high break rate, poor taste, and disappointing textural properties. In this study, to overcome these disadvantages, freeze-dried rice noodles were prepared at freezing temperatures of −10, −20, and −40 ℃ by the vacuum freeze-drying process, which were called FDRN10, FDRN20, and FDRN40, respectively. The factors that affected the rehydration quality of freeze-dried rice noodles were investigated by analyzing the rehydration speed, microstructure, starch retrogradation, and texture characteristics at different water temperatures. The results showed that FDRN10 had the highest water content of the three freeze-dried rice noodles for the same water temperature and rehydration time. This indicated that the rehydration speed of FDRN10 was the fastest. The microstructures of the external surface and cross section were observed. FDRN10 had the loosest structure and largest aperture. The diameter of the aperture of FDRN10 was 72.58 µm, which was four times larger than that of FDRN40. This microstructure led to FDRN10 showing good water absorption. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the enthalpy of FDRN10 was 92.98 J/g. The enthalpy of FDRN40 was the lowest (12.39 J/g). Thus, FDRN10 had the highest level of starch retrogradation among the three freeze-dried rice noodle samples, and the lowest level of starch water-absorbing swelling. Hardness analysis showed that the hardness value of FDRN10 decreased with increasing water temperature for the same rehydration time. The texture characteristics of FDRN10 were the closest to those of fresh rice noodles after rehydrating with water at 70 ℃ for 8 min. The above results indicate that the freezing temperature and rehydration temperature play important roles in the quality of freeze-dried rice noodles. This study provides an innovative process for improvement of instant-rice-noodle production.

Textured fibril soy protein (TFSP) is one of the most important high-density plant proteins with a fiber structure similar to meat using screw extrusion. It is often used to process simulated meat products after rehydration treatment. In this study, the rehydration dynamics model was constructed to predict the rehydration process using different ultrasonic power and NaHCO3 concentration at 40℃. A systematic investigation was implemented to explore the effects of different rehydration modes on the physical and chemical properties, as well as the microstructure of TFSP. The rehydration quality of TFSP was evaluated to compare with the control group, Results showed that the final moisture content increased by 27.14 %, when TFSP rehydrates to 120 min, whereas, the rehydration time was shortened by 20 min in the 500 W ultrasound group, compared with the pure water group. The final moisture content also increased by 23.41 % in the 2.000 % NaHCO3 group, without any significant change in the rehydration time. A Weibull model was better fitted for the TFSP rehydration in the control (R ²≥ 0.993 3), ultrasound (R 2≥0.990 5), and NaHCO3 group (R 2≥0.986 7). Both ultrasound and NaHCO3 treatments slightly reduced the color of the re-hydrated TFSP, whereas, there was a great increase in the water holding capacity and immobilized water content. There was some variation in the hardness, chewiness, and degree of texturization of re-hydrated TFSP, without the outstanding difference in the springiness. The 400 W ultrasound group was the highest degree of texturization, 41.80 % higher than the control. Meanwhile, the 0.250 % NaHCO3 group reached the smallest hardness, which was 54.17% smaller than the control. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the microstructure of rehydrated TFSP was changed by the ultrasound and NaHCO3 . Specifically, the pore size was enhanced to accelerate the water transport rate and the water holding capacity. Therefore, the ultrasound should be chosen to assist the TFSP rehydration, if the maximum degree of texturization was taken as the main evaluation index. By contrast, the NaHCO3 -assisted rehydration effect should be selected, if the minimum hardness was taken as the main evaluation index. This finding can provide a theoretical basis and reference to develop TFSP products with excellent qualities under different rehydration modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food Research & Development is the property of Food Research & Development Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Forest Products Industry is the property of China Forest Products Industry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arid Zone Research / Ganhanqu Yanjiu is the property of Arid Zone Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology (1008-0864) is the property of Journal of Agricultural Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Food Safety & Quality is the property of Journal of Food Safety & Quality Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University is the property of Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to understand the eco-physiological adaptability to water stress of karst plant, the experiments were carried out with 4-year-old Illicicum difengpi K. I. B. et K. I. M plants, which was a karst endemic medicinal plant. We investigated the photosynthetic variables, chlorophyll fluorescence variables and photosynthetic pigment content of I. difengpi under water stress and rewatering conditions. The results showed that withholding water for 10 d, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), stomatal limitation value (Ls) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of I. difengpi leaves decreased significantly under water stress, and stomatal limitation was the main reason for the decrease of Pn. Withholding water for 15 d, under water stress, the diurnal variation of Pn showed a gradual downward trend and the Pn values were close to zero after 9:30 am, which suggested that the depression of photosynthesis might be due to non-stomatal limitation. While the diurnal variation of Pn was dual-peaked in the leaves of control, and stomatal limitation was still the main reason for the decrease of Pn. The decrease of chlorophyll content and the increased of Chl (a/b) under water stress conditions, which reduced the binding proteins (LHC Ⅱ) content, the captured light energy, and the risk of photosynthetic apparatus damage. Under water stress condition, the initial fluorescence (Fo) increased significantly, the maximum fluorescence (Fm), potential activity of photo-system Ⅱ(Fv/Fo) and maximal photochemical efficiency of photo-system Ⅱ(Fv/Fm) decreased significantly, which indicating that water stress could cause a certain degree of damage or fracture to its PS Ⅱ reaction center, therefore, the potential activity and maximal photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ were reduced. After re-watering for 5 d, the above-mentioned physiological and ecological parameters of I. difengpi could recover to the control level, indicated that the physiological repair capability of which is very strong after rehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the effects of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage on post-exercise rehydration of healthy young men in different seasons,and to explore the influence of seasonal adaptability on fluid and electrolyte balance.Methods Fifteen healthy men,aged(24.4±0.5)years,completed 2 trails in a random crossover design both in summer and winter.During recovery,they consumed a drink volume equivalent to 100% of their sweat loss with plain boiled water(the water group)or carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage(the beverage group).Recovery was monitored for further 180 minutes by the collection of blood and urine samples.Results The dehydration time in summer was significantly shorter by about 20 minutes than that in winter( t =3.045, P =0.004).In summer,the fluid retention rate of the beverage group was significantly higher than that of the water group at 120 minutes after rehydration [(83.7±2.8)% vs. (73.7±3.7)%, F =5.312, P =0.028],and significantly higher than the water group at 180 minutes [(74.8±3.6)% vs. (66.1±4.3)%, F =4.340, P =0.046].In winter,the fluid retention rate of the beverage group at 180 minutes after rehydration was significantly higher than that of the water group [(74.9±4.7)% vs. (68.0±6.0)%, F =4.128, P =0.048].There was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention effect of carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage at 180 minutes after rehydration.In the beverage group,the changes of blood glucose and serum sodium levels(all P <0.05)in summer were significantly higher than those in winter at 10-180 minutes after rehydration,and the fractional excretion of sodium in summer was significantly higher in summer than in winter at 120 and 180 minutes after rehydration( F 120 =4.972, P =0.034; F 180 > 0.05).For the water group,the plasma osmolality in winter was lower than that in summer,while the degree of dryness and thirst was higher in winter than in summer.Conclusions Seasonal adaptability influenced the hydration status and its regulating factors.People dehydrated faster after exercise in summer than in winter,and the hydration status was relatively stable in winter.However,in summer,the blood glucose and electrolytes responded more rapidly to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage supply,and the plasma osmolality and subjective perception recovered faster.Therefore,during the 180-minute recovery period,the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage had a higher rehydration efficiency in a short recovery time in summer although there was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention rate.P =0.007);however,there was no significant difference in plasma osmolality(all P > 0.05).For the water group,the plasma osmolality in winter was lower than that in summer,while the degree of dryness and thirst was higher in winter than in summer.Conclusions Seasonal adaptability influenced the hydration status and its regulating factors.People dehydrated faster after exercise in summer than in winter,and the hydration status was relatively stable in winter.However,in summer,the blood glucose and electrolytes responded more rapidly to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage supply,and the plasma osmolality and subjective perception recovered faster.Therefore,during the 180-minute recovery period,the carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage had a higher rehydration efficiency in a short recovery time in summer although there was no significantly seasonal difference in the fluid retention rate.