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Objective To investigate the clinical utility of ultrasound parameters in diagnosing neonatal annular pancreas. Methods A total of 56 neonates with descending duodenal obstruction underwent saline-contrast ultrasound examination. Ultrasonic parameters, including dilated duodenum diameter (DDD), dilated duodenum thickness (DDT), and stenosis duodenum diameter (SDD), were measured. The cases were categorized into three groups: annular pancreas (group A, n = 28), descending duodenal atresia (group B, n = 3), and descending duodenal septum (group C, n = 25). One-way ANOVA was employed to compare statistical differences among the three ultrasonic parameters across the groups, followed by LSD-t test for pairwise comparisons between two groups showing significant differences. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was conducted to calculate the area under the curve and determine the cut-off value if there were statistically significant differences observed. Results In group A, group B, group C, the diameters of DDD were measured as(23.2 ± 2.4)mm, (25 ± 1.0)mm, (19.4 ± 2.6) mm, respectively. When comparing these three groups, there was a statistically significant difference between group A or group B and group C in terms of DDD diameter measurements (t = 5.7, P < 0.05; t = 3.793, P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group A and group B for DDD diameter measurements (t = 1.232, P > 0.05). The corresponding values for DDT were measured as (3.0 ± 0.6)mm, (3.2 ± 0.4) mm, and (2.4 ± 0.3) mm, respectively. When comparing these three groups, the results showed a statistically significant difference between either Group A or Group B compared to Group C in terms of DDT measurement (t = 4.695, P < 0.05; t = 2.778, P < 0.05). However, no statistically significant difference was found between Group A and Group B regard- ing the measurement of DDT (t = 0.666, P > 0.05). The SDD measurements in the three groups were (1.9 ± 0.3) mm, (3.6 ± 0.8)mm, (5.5 ± 0.7)mm, respectively. Statistical analysis using LSD-t test revealed significant differences between the three groups (t = 5.521, P < 0.05; t = 6.142, P < 0.05; t = 25.828, P < 0.05).The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for detecting annular pancreas at a cutoff of 2.3 mm were determined to be 96.4%, 100%, 100%, and 96.6%, respectively, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.999. Conclusion SDD could be employed for the diagnosis of neonatal annular pancreas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the related influence factors of neonatal transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis （TANEC）. Methods Clinical data of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis （NEC） treated by surgery were retrospectively analyzed. All participants were divided into the TANEC and non-TANEC groups. Clinical characteristics， maternal conditions， laboratory test results， intraoperative conditions and clinical prognosis were subject to univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Related factors of TANEC were identified. The predictive values of these factors were determined by the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve and the area under the ROC curve （AUC）. Results A total of 51 infants were enrolled in this study， including 13 cases in the TANEC group and 38 in the non-TANEC group. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in birth weight， Apgar-1 score， gestational age， number of transfusions， patent ductus arteriosus and hemoglobin level between two groups （all P < 0.05）. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of transfusions and hemoglobin level were the related factors for the incidence of TANEC （both P < 0.05）. ROC curve verified that the AUC of the number of transfusions was 0.882 （95% CI 0.794-0.969）， 0.857 （95% CI 0.747-0.968） for hemoglobin level， and 0.907 （95% CI 0.822-0.992） for the two combined， respectively. Conclusion The number of blood transfusion and hemoglobin level are associated with the occurrence of TANEC， and the combination of these two can better predict the incidence of TANEC.

Objective To investigate the treatment of neonatal depressed skull fracture with fetal head aspirator. Methods The clinical data of a neonate with large area depressed skull fracture admitted to the First Peolple's Hospital of Longnan were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literature were reviewed. Results The female neonate was found to have a large area depressed fracture of skull immediately after childbirth by cesarean section. After 10 hours, she was reduced by negative pressure suction of fetal head aspirator. Conclusions The negative pressure suction of fetal head aspirator is safe and reliable in the treatment of neonatal depressed fracture of skull, which can provide reference for the treatment of similar cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the related influence factors of neonatal transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis (TANEC). Methods Clinical data of neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) treated by surgery were retrospectively analyzed. All participants were divided into the TANEC and non-TANEC groups. Clinical characteristics, maternal conditions, laboratory test results, intraoperative conditions and clinical prognosis were subject to univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. Related factors of TANEC were identified. The predictive values of these factors were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results A total of 51 infants were enrolled in this study, including 13 cases in the TANEC group and 38 in the non-TANEC group. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences in birth weight, Apgar-1 score, gestational age, number of transfusions, patent ductus arteriosus and hemoglobin level between two groups (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of transfusions and hemoglobin level were the related factors for the incidence of TANEC (both P < 0.05). ROC curve verified that the AUC of the number of transfusions was 0.882 (95% CI 0.794-0.969), 0.857 (95% CI 0.747-0.968) for hemoglobin level, and 0.907 (95% CI 0.822-0.992) for the two combined, respectively. Conclusion The number of blood transfusion and hemoglobin level are associated with the occurrence of TANEC, and the combination of these two can better predict the incidence of TANEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common inflammatory intestinal disease in preterm infants, with a high incidence and mortality rate. The etiology and mechanisms of NEC are not yet fully understood, and multiple factors contribute to its occurrence and development. Recent studies have found that anemia is a risk factor for NEC in neonates, but the specific pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. This article reviews recent research on the relationship between anemia and NEC, providing a reference for further understanding the impact of anemia on intestinal injury and its association with NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of prone positioning in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) using invasive respiratory support. Methods A prospective study was conducted from June 2020 to September 2023 at Suining County People's Hospital, involving 77 preterm infants with gestational ages less than 35 weeks requiring invasive respiratory support for NRDS. The infants were randomly divided into a supine group (37 infants) and a prone group (40 infants). Infants in the prone group were ventilated in the prone position for 6 hours followed by 2 hours in the supine position, continuing in this cycle until weaning from the ventilator. The effectiveness and safety of the two approaches were compared. Results At 6 hours after enrollment, the prone group showed lower arterial blood carbon dioxide levels, inspired oxygen concentration, oxygenation index, rates of tracheal intubation bacterial colonization, and Neonatal Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale scores compared to the supine group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of pH, arterial oxygen pressure, positive endexpiratory pressure, duration of mechanical ventilation, accidental extubation, ventilator-associated pneumonia, air leak syndrome, skin pressure sores, feeding intolerance, and grades II-IV intraventricular hemorrhage (P>0.05). Conclusions Compared to supine positioning, prone ventilation effectively improves oxygenation, increases comfort, and reduces tracheal intubation bacterial colonization in neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for NRDS, without significantly increasing adverse reactions. Ci t at i [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the effect of intensive phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on cellular immune function and short-term immune-related adverse effects. Methods Totally 180 infants with hyperbilirubinemia were treated with different light intensity, the efficacy, cellular immune function and immune adverse effects were followed up for six months after discharge. Results After phototherapy, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both groups were decreased and CD4+ (%) and CD4+/CD8+ were increased than that before phototherapy. The decrease rate of total bilirubin in the intensive phototherapy group was significantly faster than that in the conventional phototherapy group, at the same time, the total duration of phototherapy and hospital stay were significantly shorter than that in the conventional phototherapy group (P＜0.05). No statistical significance in the incidence of diarrhea, rash, fever and hypo-calcemia during hospitalization and no immune-related adverse effects in 6 months after discharge were recorded. Conclusions Compared with conventional phototherapy, intensive phototherapy reduces serum bilirubin level more quickly and shorten the duration of phototherapy and hospital stay. No common adverse effects nor immune-related adverse effects are recorded during hospitalization and the period of six months after discharge.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Further evidence is needed to explore the impact of high-altitude environments on the neurologic function of neonates. Non-invasive techniques such as cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography can provide data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity. This study will conduct multiple cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy and amplitude-integrated electroencephalography monitoring sessions at various time points within the first 3 days postpartum for healthy full-term neonates at different altitudes. The obtained data on cerebral oxygenation and brain electrical activity will be compared between different altitudes, and corresponding reference ranges will be established. The study involves 6 participating centers in the Chinese High Altitude Neonatal Medicine Alliance, with altitude gradients divided into 4 categories: 800 m, 1 900 m, 2 400 m, and 3 500 m, with an anticipated sample size of 170 neonates per altitude gradient. This multicenter prospective cohort study aims to provide evidence supporting the impact of high-altitude environments on early brain function and metabolism in neonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the pathogen composition and antimicrobial resistance characteristics in neonates with sepsis in the Hebei area, providing a basis for optimizing the management strategies for neonatal sepsis in the region. Methods The medical data of neonates with sepsis confirmed by blood culture from 23 hospitals in Hebei Province were collected prospectively from November 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022. The pathogen composition and antimicrobial resistance characteristics were analyzed in early-onset sepsis (EOS), community-acquired late-onset sepsis (CALOS), and hospital-acquired late-onset sepsis (HALOS) cases. Results A total of 289 neonates were included, accounting for 292 infection episodes, with 117 (40.1%) EOS, 95 (32.5%) CALOS, and 80 (27.4%) HALOS cases. A total of 294 pathogens were isolated, with 118 (40.1%) from the EOS group, where Escherichia coli (39 strains, 33.0%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (13 strains, 11.0%) were the most common. In the CALOS group, 95 pathogens were isolated (32.3%), with Escherichia coli (35 strains, 36.8%) and group B Streptococcus (14 strains, 14.7%) being predominant. The HALOS group yielded 81 isolates (27.6%), with Klebsiella pneumoniae (24 strains, 29.6%) and Escherichia coli (21 strains, 25.9%) as the most frequent. Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed over 80% resistance to penicillin antibiotics. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a resistance rate of 2.2% to 75.0% to common β-lactam antibiotics. The resistance rates of predominant Gram-negative bacteria in the HALOS group to common β-lactam antibiotics were higher than those in the CALOS group. Conclusions In the Hebei region, Escherichia coli is the most common pathogen in both EOS and LOS. There are differences in the composition and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens among different types of neonatal sepsis. The choice of empirical antimicrobial drugs should be based on the latest surveillance data from the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of intensive phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia on cellular immune function and short-term immune-related adverse effects. Methods Totally 180 infants with hyperbilirubinemia were treated with different light intensity, the efficacy, cellular immune function and immune adverse effects were followed up for six months after discharge. Results After phototherapy, serum interleukin-6(IL-6) in both groups were decreased and CD4+(%) and CD4+/CD8+ were increased than that before phototherapy. The decrease rate of total bilirubin in the intensive phototherapy group was significantly faster than that in the conventional phototherapy group, at the same time, the total duration of phototherapy and hospital stay were significantly shorter than that in the conventional phototherapy group(P＜0.05) . No statistical significance in the incidence of diarrhea, rash, fever and hypo-calcemia during hospitalization and no immune-related adverse effects in 6 months after discharge were recorded. Conclusions Compared with conventional phototherapy, intensive phototherapy reduces serum bilirubin level more quickly and shorten the duration of phototherapy and hospital stay. No common adverse effects nor immune-related adverse effects are recorded during hospitalization and the period of six months after discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The patient was a male infant, born full-term, admitted to the hospital at 28 days of age due to jaundice for 20 days and abdominal distension for 15 days. The patient developed symptoms of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, massive ascites, and progressively worsening liver function leading to liver failure, severe coagulation disorders, and thrombocytopenia one week after birth. Various treatments were administered, including anti-infection therapy, fluid restriction, use of diuretics, use of hepatoprotective and choleretic agents, intermittent paracentesis, blood exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, albumin, and plasma transfusions. However, the patient's condition did not improve, and on the 24th day of hospitalization, the family decided to discontinue treatment and provide palliative care. Sequencing of the patient's liver tissue and parental blood samples using whole-exome sequencing did not identify any pathogenic variants that could explain the liver failure. However, postmortem liver tissue pathology suggested congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF). Given the rarity of CHF causing neonatal liver failure, further studies on the prognosis and pathogenic genes of CHF cases are needed in the future. This article provides a comprehensive description of the differential diagnosis of neonatal liver failure and introduces a multidisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach to neonatal liver failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meropenem is one of the most widely used special-grade antimicrobial agents in the treatment of neonatal sepsis. However, its irrational use has led to an increasingly severe problem of bacterial multidrug resistance. The guideline was developed following standardized methods and procedures, and provides 12 recommendations specifically addressing 9 clinical issues. The recommendations cover various aspects of meropenem use in neonates, including timing of administration, recommended dosage, extended infusion, monitoring and assessment, antimicrobial adjustment strategies, treatment duration, and treatment strategies for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections. The aim of the guideline is to provide evidence-based recommendations and guidance for the rational use of meropenem in neonates with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation value of serum soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1（s TREM-1), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-II（s TNFR-II） combined with coupling factor-6（CF-6） in neonatal early-onset sepsis（EOS). Methods: 170 EOS children who were admitted to Shanghai Children’s Hospital from January 2021 to January2023 were selected as EOS group, patients were divided into poor prognosis group and good prognosis group according to the prognosis outcome, and 100 healthy newborns without infection symptoms in our hospital during the same period were selected as control group.The levels of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The influencing factors of poor prognosis of neonatal EOS were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression model, the diagnostic value and poor prognosis evaluation value of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 levels in neonatal EOS were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Results: Compared with control group, the levels of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 in EOS group were increased（P＜0.05). The incidence of poor prognosis in 170 EOS children was 29.41%（50/170). Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed that,birth weight ≥2.5 kg and platelet count increased were independent protective factors for poor prognosis of neonatal EOS, premature rupture of membranes and s TREM-1 increased, s TNFR-II increased and CF-6 increased were independent risk factors（P＜0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that, the area under the curve（AUC） of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II combined with CF-6 in the diagnosis of neonatal EOS was 0.943, which was greater than 0.802, 0.821 and 0.816 of s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 alone. The AUC of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II combined with CF-6 in evaluating the prognosis of neonatal EOS was 0.928, which was greater than 0.774, 0.785and 0.779 evaluated by s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 alone. Conclusion: The levels of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II and CF-6 were increased in neonatal EOS, which were closely relate to poor prognosis, the diagnostic value and poor prognosis evaluation value of serum s TREM-1, s TNFR-II combined with CF-6 in neonatal EOS were higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：To explore the value of imaging in the diagnosis of neonatal meconium peritonitis and the selection of treatment methods. Methods：We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, ultrasound and radiological manifestations and treatment results of 83 neonates, which were diagnosed as meconium peritonitis, from January 2018 to December 2022. The children were divided into the surgical group and the non ⁃ surgical group, and the manifestations on ultrasound and X ⁃ ray examination such as peritoneal calcification, meconium pseudocyst, intestinal obstruction, volvulus, ascites, and pneumoperitoneum were analyzed. Results： Eighty three neonates (48 males and 35 females)were diagnosed as meconium peritonitis in this period. All patients received ultrasound and X⁃ray examination after admission. Among them, 61 cases (73.5%)required surgical treatment, and 22 cases (26.5%) were successfully treated non ⁃ surgically. The occurrence rates of three imaging manifestations, including intestinal obstruction (ultrasound 24/61, radiography 32/61), ascites (ultrasound 27/61), and intestinal torsion (ultrasound 13/61), were higher in the surgical group than the non⁃surgical group (P < 0.05). The presence of pneumoperitoneum signs in the surgical group was also higher than the non⁃surgical group, but the number of cases was not enough to show statistical significance. There was no statistical difference in the proportion of multiple calcifications and meconium pseudocysts between two groups. Conclusion：Imaging findings that predicted the need for surgery were intestinal obstruction, ascites, volvulus and pneumoperitoneum. Neonates only with multiple calcifications in the peritoneum can be successfully treated non⁃operatively. Children with meconium pseudocyst do not need surgery if they do not have the above manifestations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the mutation characteristics of GJB2 gene in 799 neonates in Pu ′er region of Yunnan province.Methods The GJB2 gene coding region was detected in 799 neonatal heel blood samples by polymerase chain reaction-base sequence direct sequencing method, and gene polymorphism distribution, genotype frequency and allele frequency were analyzed.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, hahatype and linkage disequilibrium were analyzed by Arlerquin3.11 software.Results c.79G＞A,c.109G＞A,c.341A＞G,c.299-300delAT,c.235delC,c.608T＞C,c.226C＞A,c.571T＞C,c.512insAACG,c.550C＞T,c.180C＞G,and c.368C＞A were detected in exon 2 of GJB2 gene in 799 neonatal samples.According to statistics, the total mutation carrier rate was 60.83%,among which, the mutation carrier rates of c.79G＞A,c.341A＞G,c.109G＞A and c.608T＞C were 46.06%,36.30%,13.89% and 4.51%,respectively, and the mutation carrying rate of other sites was less than 1.00%.The polymorphic mutations of these 12 genes were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, and there were 22 hahatypes in total.The linkage disequilibrium analysis showed that there were significant linkage disequilibria at two loci: c.79G＞A and c.341A＞G (D′=0.987 4,r~2=0.674 0) .Conclusion There are abundant mutation types and frequency of GJB2 gene in newborns in Pu ′er region of Yunnan province, and the total mutation carrying rate is high, which provides support for clinical detection and genetic counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal lactic acidosis and thrombocytopenia induced by multi-oil fat emulsions （SMOF）， aiming to deepen clinicians’ understanding of adverse reactions to this drug. Methods Clinical data of two male neonates who suffered from lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia after using intravenous SMOF for more than two weeks were analyzed. Literature review was conduced from PubMed， SinoMed， CNKI， Wanfang Data and CMAPH using the keywords of “neonate”， “multi-oil fat emulsions”， “lactic acidosis”， and “thrombocytopenia” in both Chinese and English. Clinical data of retrieved cases were collected and analyzed. Results Blood lactate， acidosis， and platelets returned to normal in two cases after terminating SMOF. Eight cases of fat overload syndrome caused by fat emulsion injection were retrieved by literature review， and one of them was treated with SMOF. All eight cases were improved after terminating intravenous fat emulsion， and four of them also received blood exchange therapy. Conclusions SMOF can cause neonatal lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia. Clinicians should deepen the understanding of adverse reactions to this drug and lower the misdiagnosis and mistherapy rates.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in order to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data of 10 pregnant women infected with Omicron on variant in Quanzhou First Hospital were collected, their epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the growth and development of newborns were analyzed. Results All the 10 patients had a history of exposure to the epidemic area and showed mild or asymptomatic clinical symptoms. The first clinical symptoms were fever and cough. All pregnancies and the delivery was ended smoothly with no adverse outcome. Conclusions Infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy has little effect on pregnancy outcome but this result needs to be confirmed by a larger sample study.

Objective To analyze the changes of serum lipid levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） and the relationship between serum lipid levels during pregnancy and GDM， neonatal birth weight and cord-blood C-peptide. Methods In this case-control study， clinical data of 673 pregnant women were collected. According to the results of 75-g oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） in the second trimester （Tr2）， 673 pregnant women were divided into the GDM group （n = 150） and normal glucose tolerance （NGT） group （n = 523）. The risk factors of GDM were identified by Logistic regression analysis. The correlation between serum lipid level， neonatal weight and cord-blood C-peptide in GDM pregnant women was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results During the first trimester （Tr1）， triglyceride （TG） level was higher and lipoprotein（a） [Lp（a）] level was lower in the GDM group than those in the NGT group. During Tr2， TC and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） levels in the GDM group were lower compared with those in the NGT group. In the third trimester （Tr3）， TG level and apolipoprotein A1/B （ApoA1/B） ratio were higher and ApoB level was lower in the GDM group than those in the NGT group， with statistical significance （all P < 0.05）. Age （OR = 1.111， 95%CI = 1.065-1.158， P < 0.001） and Lp（a） in Tr1 （OR = 0.660， 95%CI = 0.454-0.960， P = 0.030） were the independent factors of the incidence of GDM. Neonatal birth weight was negatively correlated with age （rs = -0.253， P = 0.013）， whereas positively correlated with postpartal body mass index （BMI） （rs = 0.241， P = 0.017）， gestational weight gain （GWG） （rs =0.270， P = 0.017） and gestational age at delivery （rs = 0.34， P = 0.001）. In Tr1 and Tr3， neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with TG and ApoB levels， whereas negatively correlated with ApoA1/B ratio. Neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with ApoE level in Tr3 （rs = 0.227， P = 0.025）. Neonatal cord-blood C-peptide level was negatively correlated with ApoE levels in Tr2 （rs = -0.218， P = 0.038） and Tr3 （rs = -0.227， P = 0.031）. Conclusions Pregnant women with GDM develop lipid metabolism disorder in Tr1. During pregnancy， monitoring the changes in blood lipids and maintaining normal blood lipid levels can effectively control the complications during pregnancy and mitigate the effect of adverse pregnancy outcomes on mother and neonate.

Objective To compare the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound and inverted X-ray in differentiating high and intermediate types of male anorectal malformations (ARMs). Methods A fully paired diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on 146 male children with intermediate/high type ARMs who were treated in our hospital from March 2013 to March 2022. According to their postoperative diagnosis after anorectal plasty, 55 cases (including 12 with bladder-neck fistula and 43 with urethral-prostatic fistula) were assigned into high type group and 91 cases (including 65 with urethral-bulbar fistula and 26 without fistula) into intermediate type group. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) were used as evaluation indicators to compare the diagnostic efficacy of 2 examinations and the optimal diagnostic cutoff values by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. And the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound and inverted X-ray was then compared in different time periods after birth. Results Both examinations effectively differentiated high and intermediate types of male ARMs (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of ultrasound (0.835, 95%CI: 0.764~0.891) was higher than that of inverted X-ray (0.759, 95%CI: 0.681~0.826), though without significant difference (P=0.061). The cut-off value of ultrasound (15.0 mm) was shorter than that of inverted X-ray (24.0 mm). The diagnostic efficacy of ultrasound (0.940, 95%CI: 0.799~0.993) was significant higher than that of inverted X-ray (0.758, 95%CI: 0.578~0.890) when inspection time was longer than 48 h after birth (P=0.032). Conclusion Both ultrasound and inverted X-ray can differentiate intermediate and high type ARMs in male neonates. Ultrasound is more recommended for the neonates older than 48 h.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal lactic acidosis and thrombocytopenia induced by multi-oil fat emulsions （SMOF), aiming to deepen clinicians’ understanding of adverse reactions to this drug. Methods Clinical data of two male neonates who suffered from lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia after using intravenous SMOF for more than two weeks were analyzed. Literature review was conduced from PubMed, SinoMed, CNKI, Wanfang Data and CMAPH using the keywords of “neonate”, “multi-oil fat emulsions”, “lactic acidosis”, and “thrombocytopenia” in both Chinese and English. Clinical data of retrieved cases were collected and analyzed. Results Blood lactate, acidosis, and platelets returned to normal in two cases after terminating SMOF. Eight cases of fat overload syndrome caused by fat emulsion injection were retrieved by literature review, and one of them was treated with SMOF. All eight cases were improved after terminating intravenous fat emulsion, and four of them also received blood exchange therapy. Conclusions SMOF can cause neonatal lactic acidosis and/or thrombocytopenia. Clinicians should deepen the understanding of adverse reactions to this drug and lower the misdiagnosis and mistherapy rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics is the property of Xiangya Medical Periodical Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women infected with Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 in order to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data of 10 pregnant women infected with Omicron on variant in Quanzhou First Hospital were collected, their epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the growth and development of newborns were analyzed. Results All the 10 patients had a history of exposure to the epidemic area and showed mild or asymptomatic clinical symptoms. The first clinical symptoms were fever and cough. All pregnancies and the delivery was ended smoothly with no adverse outcome. Conclusions Infection with the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy has little effect on pregnancy outcome but this result needs to be confirmed by a larger sample study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the changes of serum lipid levels in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the relationship between serum lipid levels during pregnancy and GDM, neonatal birth weight and cord-blood C-peptide. Methods In this case-control study, clinical data of 673 pregnant women were collected. According to the results of 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second trimester (Tr2), 673 pregnant women were divided into the GDM group (n = 150) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (n = 523) . The risk factors of GDM were identified by Logistic regression analysis. The correlation between serum lipid level, neonatal weight and cord-blood C-peptide in GDM pregnant women was analyzed by Spearman correlation. Results During the first trimester (Tr1), triglyceride (TG) level was higher and lipoprotein (a) ［Lp (a) ］level was lower in the GDM group than those in the NGT group. During Tr2, TC and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the GDM group were lower compared with those in the NGT group. In the third trimester (Tr3), TG level and apolipoprotein A1/B (ApoA1/B) ratio were higher and ApoB level was lower in the GDM group than those in the NGT group, with statistical significance (all P < 0.05) . Age (OR = 1.111, 95%CI = 1.065-1.158, P < 0.001) and Lp (a) in Tr1 (OR = 0.660, 95%CI = 0.454-0.960, P = 0.030) were the independent factors of the incidence of GDM. Neonatal birth weight was negatively correlated with age (rs = -0.253, P = 0.013), whereas positively correlated with postpartal body mass index (BMI) (rs = 0.241, P = 0.017), gestational weight gain (GWG) (rs = 0.270, P = 0.017) and gestational age at delivery (rs = 0.34, P = 0.001) . In Tr1 and Tr3, neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with TG and ApoB levels, whereas negatively correlated with ApoA1/B ratio. Neonatal birth weight was positively correlated with ApoE level in Tr3 (rs = 0.227, P = 0.025) . Neonatal cord-blood C-peptide level was negatively correlated with ApoE levels in Tr2 (rs = -0.218, P = 0.038) and Tr3 (rs = -0.227, P = 0.031) . Conclusions Pregnant women with GDM develop lipid metabolism disorder in Tr1. During pregnancy, monitoring the changes in blood lipids and maintaining normal blood lipid levels can effectively control the complications during pregnancy and mitigate the effect of adverse pregnancy outcomes on mother and neonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), with the main manifestations of bloody stool, abdominal distension, and vomiting, is one of the leading causes of death in neonates, and early identification and diagnosis are crucial for the prognosis of NEC. The emergence and development of machine learning has provided the potential for early, rapid, and accurate identification of this disease. This article summarizes the algorithms of machine learning recently used in NEC, analyzes the high-risk predictive factors revealed by these algorithms, evaluates the ability and characteristics of machine learning in the etiology, definition, and diagnosis of NEC, and discusses the challenges and prospects for the future application of machine learning in NEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An 18-day-old male infant was admitted to the hospital due to recurrent hyperkalemia for more than 10 days. The neonate had milk refusal and dyspnea. The blood gas analysis revealed recurrent hyperkalemia, hyponatremia and metabolic acidosis. Adrenocortical hormone replacement therapy was ineffective. Additional tests showed a significant increase in aldosterone levels. Family whole exome sequencing revealed that the infant had compound heterozygous in the SCNNIA gene, inherited from both parents. The infant was diagnosed with neonatal systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. The infant's electrolyte levels were stabilized through treatment with sodium polystyrene sulfonate and sodium supplement. The infant was discharged upon clinical recovery. This study provides a focused description of differential diagnosis of salt-losing syndrome in infants and introduces the multidisciplinary management of neonatal systemic pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture and establish a nomogram model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. Methods A retrospective study was conducted with 613 cases of neonatal asphyxia treated in 20 cooperative hospitals in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture from January to December 2019 as the asphyxia group, and 988 randomly selected non-asphyxia neonates born and admitted to the neonatology department of these hospitals during the same period as the control group. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for neonatal asphyxia. R software (4.2.2) was used to establish a nomogram model. Receiver operator characteristic curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis were used to assess the discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, respectively. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that minority (Tujia), male sex, premature birth, congenital malformations, abnormal fetal position, intrauterine distress, maternal occupation as a farmer, education level below high school, fewer than 9 prenatal check-ups, threatened abortion, abnormal umbilical cord, abnormal amniotic fluid, placenta previa, abruptio placentae, emergency caesarean section, and assisted delivery were independent risk factors for neonatal asphyxia (P<0.05). The area under the curve of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia based on these risk factors was 0.748 (95%CI: 0.723-0.772). The calibration curve indicated high accuracy of the model for predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia. The decision curve analysis showed that the model could provide a higher net benefit for neonates at risk of asphyxia. Conclusions The risk factors for neonatal asphyxia in Hubei Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture are multifactorial, and the nomogram model based on these factors has good value in predicting the risk of neonatal asphyxia, which can help clinicians identify neonates at high risk of asphyxia early, and reduce the incidence of neonatal asphyxia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]