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Microbial prospecting for oil and gas (MPOG) is a surface exploration technology derived from the principle of light hydrocarbon micro-seepage from oil and gas reservoirs. The light hydrocarbons (C1-C5) in oil and gas reservoirs permeate the overlying sedimentary layer in the way of micro-seepage, which induces the growth of microorganisms specializing in the consumption of light hydrocarbons in near-surface soil. As a result, the microbial concentration and community structure in oil and gas areas will be different from that without underlying oil and gas reservoirs. By analyzing the abnormal characteristics of microbial concentration and community structure, the oil and gas enrichment areas and oil and gas reservoirs are predicted. In recent years, the research team has established sample acquisition and pretreatment techniques for different geomorphology and surface types, and combined with traditional culturing and molecular biology methods, the precise diagnosis of oil and gas from the perspective of both hydrocarbon indication microorganism quantity and community structure is realized. The artificial simulation results lasting three years show that there are obvious differences and responsive relationships between the microorganisms and community structure under the acclimation of different hydrocarbon components. The strains found are consistent with the actual oil and gas reservoir, providing a theory basis for microbial exploration. In addition, the correlation among environmental conditions, hydrocarbon geochemistry and hydrocarbon microbial group distribution was studied using different oil and gas reservoir types and different geographical conditions. The rule of microbial community in situ of oil and gas reservoir samples was analyzed, and a database of oil and gas indicators in typical oil and gas basins in China was preliminarily constructed. The results showed that the surface microbial anomaly was closely related to the location of oil and gas reservoirs, and can reflectthe characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs of different types. Combined with petroleum geology and geophysical data, the microbial exploration technology can effectively predict the favorable enrichment areas of oil and gas. This paper also presents nine development trends of MPOG.

Economic development requires exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. It is difficult to find surface outcrop deposits, which will cause soil pollution by heavy metals that is a severe hazard to the environment and human health. Microorganisms in nature interact with heavy metals in air. Microorganisms with this specificity can be applied to metal prospect exploration and environmental bioremediation of heavy metal pollution. Interaction mechanisms between specific microorganisms and heavy metals and its application to exploration and environmental bioremediation of heavy metal pollution have been reviewed. The focus of this paper is on the adsorption, accumulation and transformation process between specific microorganisms and heavy metal ions, as well as the mechanism of microbial organisms changing heavy metal distribution, occurrence and toxicity. The interaction mechanism between Bacillus cereus and gold and its application potential to find concealed gold deposits were reviewed. Removal of heavy metals in the soil by the specific microorganism through the adsorption of metabolites and assisting plants to repair heavy metal pollution were introduced and elaborated upon.

Economic development requires exploration and exploitation of mineral resources. It is difficult to find surface outcrop deposits，which will cause soil pollution by heavy metals that is a severe hazard to the environment and human health. Microorganisms in nature interact with heavy metals in air. Microorganisms with this specificity can be applied to metal prospect exploration and environmental bioremediation of heavy metal pollution and its application to exploration and environmental bioremediation of heavy metal pollution have been reviewed. The focus of this paper is on the adsorption， accumulation and transformation process between specific microorganisms and heavy metal ions， as well as the of microbial organisms changing heavy metal distribution， occurrence and toxicity. The interaction mechanism between Bacillus cereus and gold and its application potential to find concealed gold deposits were reviewed. Removal of heavy metals in the soil by the specific microorganism through the adsorption of metabolites and assisting plants to repair heavy metal pollution were introduced and elaborated upon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]