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This paper summarized the effect observation and nursing measures for a patient with patient with postoperative pain after granulomatous mastitis surgery under local anesthesia. On the basis of improving the routine postoperative nursing, auricular acupoint sticking and pressing therapy was carried out to relieve the postoperative pain of the patients. It has the advantages of low adverse reactions, high safety and easy acceptance by patients. (本文总结1例乳腺炎局部麻醉术后疼痛患者给予耳穴贴压治疗的效果及护理措施。在完善术后常规护理的基础上, 耳穴贴压治疗能够有效缓解患者术后疼痛, 且该方法具有不良反应小、安全性高等优势, 患者易于接受。)

Objective To compare and analyze the clinical efficacy, recurrence rate, and breast appearance evaluation of simple surgery and surgery combined with glucocorticoids in the treatment of mass type granulomatous mastitis. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed 106 patients with nodular granulomatous mastitis who visited the Department of Breast Surgery at Yichang Central People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2022 as the study subjects. According to the different treatment methods during the visit, patients were divided into Group A with simple surgical treatment （n = 67） and Group B with surgery combined with glucocorticoid treatment （n = 39）. The general information and clinical indicators of the two groups of patients were observed and compared. Obtain patient clinical efficacy, time to clinical cure （TTCR), recurrence rate within one year, and breast appearance evaluation through follow⁃up. Results The prognosis of the follow⁃up patients after treatment showed that Group B patients had better clinical cure rate and one⁃year recurrence rate than the simple surgery group （P < 0.05）. More⁃over， the difference in breast appearance evaluation between the two groups was statistically significant, with Group B patients having a significantly higher rate of excellent appearance （88.06%） than Group A （92.31%）. According to statistics, only 5.13% of patients in Group B experienced gastrointestinal reactions within one year after taking hormone therapy. Conclusions The combination of surgery and glucocorticoids in the treatment of mass type GM can effectively improve the overall clinical treatment effect of patients， reduce the short⁃term recurrence rate, and have a significant effect on ensuring the integrity of breast appearance. At the same time, low⁃dose oral steroid drugs have fewer adverse reactions and high safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of mass granulomatous mastitis (GLM). Methods Retrospective analysis was made on 67 patients with GLM who were treated in Xijing Hospital from July 2021 to May 2022 and met the inclusion criteria. Among them, 31 patients were treated with local injection of triamcinolone acetonide, while 36 ones were treated with oral methylprednisolone. All the included patients underwent surgical treatment after their condition met the surgical criteria, and the follow-up period lasted for up to six months after surgery. The two groups were compared in improvement of symptoms and signs, treatment time, clinical effectiveness and safety, and recurrence rate. Results The effective rate of triamcinolone acetonide group and methylprednisolone group was 100%, but the clinical cure rate was significantly higher in triamcinolone acetonide group than in methylprednisolone group in stratified analysis (P<0.05). The improvement time of symptoms and signs in triamcinolone acetonide group was significantly shorter than that in methylprednisolone group (P<0.05). The incidence of side effects in triamcinolone acetonide group was also significantly reduced compared to methylprednisolone group (P<0.05). Follow-up for half a year showed no recurrence in both groups. Conclusion Compared with the traditional oral methylprednisolone group, local injection of triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of mass granulomatous mastitis can rapidly relieve clinical symptoms and signs, shorten treatment time, and has higher efficiency and fewer side effects. Local injection of hormone combined with surgery is effective in treating mass granulomatous mastitis with low recurrence rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is a rare benign mastitis disease in clinical practice. In recent years, the incidence has been increasing year by year, but so far, its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. This disease mainly occurs in women of childbearing age who have a history of breastfeeding, with prevalence old is 30-42 years. The main clinical manifestations are often affected breast redness, swelling, and pain, with local palpable masses and a longer course of disease. Using histopathological diagnosis as the “gold standard”, the biopsy results showed granuloma formation accompanied by multinucleated giant cells, epithelioid tissue cells, and plasma cell infiltration. At present, the treatment plans for GM include drug therapy (antibiotics, steroids, immunosuppressants), surgical treatment, traditional Chinese medicine treatment, and the combination of multiple treatment methods, but a unified diagnosis and treatment standard has not yet been formed. This article mainly provides a brief review of the common causes and pathogenesis of GM, as well as the latest progress in clinical diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective To thoroughly investigate the genuine emotional experience of patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) pre- and post-treatment. Methods A purposive sampling method was adopted to select 13 patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) as study objects during Feb to Dec 2016 who were all from the Department of Breast Surgery, the first affiliated hospital of Xiamen University. In addition, hermeneutic phenomenological method was performed in different ways including face-to-face interview, semi-structured interview, in-depth interview, live recording and subject analysis of these collected data in hermeneutics rotation principle. Results The genuine emotional experience of patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) pre- and post- treatment could be summarized into six subjects, through the thoroughly analysis of interview data, including change of sleep state, fatigue, lack of knowledge of disease, difficult to adapt to treatment state, worries and fears, and positive views of prosthesis implantation. Conclusion Lifestyle change among patient was prevalent pre-idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, and patient always suffered from negative emotions and lack of disease knowledge once developed it. Therefore, it would demand medical staff to be committed to health education, communication with patients, and discovery problems in the first time. Moreover, positive pertinent measures were appealed to improve confidence to overcome the suffering, and to ease or eliminate the negative emotion for recovery promotion. )

Objective: To evaluate the differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods: The ultrasonographic data of 37 IGM patients and 50 cases of IDC were analyzed retrospectively. The shape, growth direction, margin, internal echo, posterior echo, calcification, Adler blood flow classification, PSV(peak sestolic velocity), RI (resistance index)and elasticity scores were analyzed by χ (2) test and independent sample t test. The optimal cutoff values of age, PSV and RI were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio ( OR ) of ultrasonic variates in the diagnosis of both diseases. Results: There were no significant differences in the shape, margin, internal echo and blood flow grading between the two groups. The age, lesion growth direction, posterior echo, calcification, PSV, RI and elasticity were statistically different. The cut-of value of Age, PSV and RI were 38.5 years old, 13.20 cm/s, and 0.655. Logistic regression multi-variated analysis revealed that elastic score ( OR =9.806) had the best value of the differential diagnosis, as well as calcification ( OR =6.937), posterior echo decay ( OR =4.613), RI ( OR =3.257), lesion growth orientation ( OR =3.198), and PSV ( OR =1.202). Lesion shape, margin, internal echo, and Adler blood flow classification did not help in differential diagnosis. Conclusion: Ultrasound multi-parameter analysis has high value in IGM and IDC differential diagnosis.

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Objective: To examine the effect of"lesion removal plus whole breast exploration and washing plus micro-plastic surgery"in granulomatous lobular mastitis. Methods: A single-center prospective randomized controlled study method was used to enroll patients diagnosed with granulomatous lobular mastitis for whom surgical procedures were projected from March 2017 to September 2019 at Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. The sample size is determined by the superiority test. Based on the literatures and the previous work, the two groups require 97 cases. Fifty-two patients underwent"lesion removal+whole breast exploration and washing plus micro-plastic surgery"(observation group). Forty-five cases underwent"empirical breast lesion resection plus fascia tissue flap plasty plus nipple and areola correction"(control group). The primary study endpoint is the recurrence rate, and the secondary study endpoints include surgical complications, incision healing time, and postoperative patient satisfaction. Independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ² test and Fisher exact test were used for comparison between groups. Results: All procedures were completed successful, with no severe complications. All patients were followed up for (15.2±1.9) months (range: 12 to 24 months). There were no significant differences in incidence of postoperative complications (7.7% (4/52) vs. 6.7%(3/45), P= 1), drainage time ((8.6±0.6) days vs. (8.4±0.8) days, t= 1.921, P= 0.053) and hospital stay ((7.7±0.6) days vs. (7.6±0.5) days, t= 1.633, P= 0.102) between the two groups. The recurrence rate of the observation group was lower significantly than that of the control group (3.8% (2/52) vs. 24.4%(11/45), χ²=8.819, P= 0.003). The observation group had better cosmetic effects ( Z= -2.657, P= 0.008) and patient satisfaction than control group ( Z= -5.730, P= 0.000). Conclusion: The "lesion removal plus whole breast exploration and flushing plus micro-plastic surgery" has a good therapeutic effect and cosmetic value for patients with refractory granulomatous lobular mastitis.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features and possible causes of granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM). Methods: Three hundred cases of GLM were collected from surgical specimens diagnosed at Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2015 to November 2017. Morphologic features were reviewed using HE staining. A total of 116 cases were investigated by Gram staining. The expression of CD3, CD20, CD68, IgG, IgG4, CD38 and CD138 was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results: The age of the patients was 23 to 47 years and the median age was 32 years. All patients were female, 96.7% (290/300) had a history of lactation.There were 143 cases of left breasts, 138 cases of right breast and 19 cases of bilateral breasts. Serum prolactin increased in 39.7%(119/300) patients. Within 15.7%(47/300) of patients were associated with nodular erythema or joint swelling and pain of the lower extremities. Pathological observation showed that lobular-centric suppurative granulomatous inflammation, accompanied by dilatation of intralobular and interlobular ducts. There were 16 cases accompanied with duct ectasia. Immunohistochemistry showed CD3-positive lymphocytes were more than CD20-positive lymphocytes in the peripheral aggregation zone of neutrophils within granulomatous lesions. Gram positive bacteria were found in the lipid vacuoles of the 51.7%(60/116) patients. Conclusions: GLM has distinctive histologic features. It may be related to corynebacterium infection, or accompanied by the increase of serum prolactin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The age, location and history of the disease are importance in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To evaluate the differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) and invasive ductal carcinoma. Methods The ultrasonographic data of 37 IGM patients and 50 cases of IDC were analyzed retrospectively. The shape, growth direction, margin, internal echo, posterior echo, calcification, Adler blood flow classification, PSV(peak sestolic velocity), RI (resistance index)and elasticity scores were analyzed by X2 test and independent sample t test. The optimal cutoff values of age, PSV and RI were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of ultrasonic variates in the diagnosis of both diseases. Results There were no significant differences in the shape, margin, internal echo and blood flow grading between the two groups. The age, lesion growth direction, posterior echo, calcification, PSV, RI and elasticity were statistically different. The cut-of value of Age, PSV and RI were 38.5 years old, 13.20 cm/s, and 0.655. Logistic regression multi-variated analysis revealed that elastic score (OR=9.806) had the best value of the differential diagnosis, as well as calcification (OR=6.937), posterior echo decay (OR=4.613), RI (OR=3.257), lesion growth orientation (OR=3.198), and PSV (OR=1.202). Lesion shape, margin, internal echo, and Adler blood flow classification did not help in differential diagnosis. Conclusion Ultrasound multi-parameter analysis has high value in IGM and IDC differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role of IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the granulomatous mastitis. Methods: Serum samples from 30 cases of patients with GLMand 30 cases of normal patients who admitted in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were collected. Inflammatory mass samples were collected from patients with GLM. the expression levels of IL-6 and pSTAT3 protein in tissue samples was detected by Western blot and the correlation of IL-6 and pSTAT3 protein expression was analyzed. Results: The expression of IL-6 in serum of GLM patients was significantly higher than that of normal control patients (P<0.05); The expression levels of IL-6 and pSTAT3 protein in granulomatous mastitis tissue samples were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal breast tissues(P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation of IL-6 expression with the phosphorylation STAT3(r=0.353, P<0.05). Conclusions: IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway may mediate the occurrence and development of granulomatous mastitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the clinicopathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis and mammary duct ectasia., Methods: The clinicopathologic data from August 2005 to May 2013 of 32 cases of granulomatous lobular mastitis and mammary duct ectasia were retrospectively reviewed., Results: The age of patients ranged from 26 to 45 years. Two patients had no history of delivery. Fourteen patients had no history of lactation or lactational disorder in the lesional side. Most of the remaining patients had history of breast feeding. Gross examination showed that the lesions were poorly circumscribed and varied from 3 to 12 cm in greatest dimension. Tiny abscess cavities, ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 cm in diameter and containing light yellowish to greyish secretion, were demonstrated. Histologic examination showed granuloma formation and ductal dilatation. Eleven patients had received antibiotic treatment. Twelve cases were complicated by sinus formation related to skin incision and drainage. The duration of follow-up ranged from 5 to 90 months. Three cases showed ipsilateral recurrence and 3 cases had similar pathology in the contralateral breast. Four patients defaulted follow-up., Conclusions: Granulomatous lobular mastitis is associated with mammary duct ectasia. Accurate pathologic diagnosis is prudent for clinical management and control of local recurrence.

Objective: To study the clinical and pathologic features of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM)., Methods: Sixty-eight cases of GLM were retrieved from the archival file. The clinical data and histologic features were retrospectively reviewed., Results: Sixty-eight patients presented with breast mass. Ulceration in overlying breast skin was seen in 9 cases. Most of the patients had history of breast feeding. None of them had evidence of specific infections involving the breast. The clinical and radiologic features mimicked malignancy. Histologically, GLM was characterized by the presence of non-necrotizing granulomas, usually admixed with neutrophils and associated with benign ductolobular units. The ductolobular architecture was still preserved. The duration of follow up ranged from 6 to 36 months. Four patients suffered from disease recurrence., Conclusions: GLM shows clinical and radiologic features reminiscent of breast cancer. Correct diagnosis requires histologic examination of the biopsy specimens.

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oncology is the property of Chinese Journal of Oncology / Zhonghua Zhongliu Zazhi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveIn this study, an animal model of granulomatous lobular mastitis was constructed using human granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and a suspension of complete Freund's adjuvant.MethodsTwenty-five rats with a history of maternity were randomly divided into five groups with five rats each: a blank control group, Freund's adjuvant group, normal mammary homogenate group, low-dose lesion homogenate group, and high-dose lesion homogenate group. In the lesion homogenization groups, rats were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant homogenate prepared from granulomatous mastitis patient tissues, and the third and fourth pair of mammary gland injections were administered to the rats at 0.2 mL in the high-dose group and 0.1 mL in the low-dose group. The normal mammary gland homogenate group was injected with normal mammary gland tissue homogenate from patients with granulomatous mastitis. The blank control group was injected with saline. The Freund's adjuvant group was injected with complete Freund's adjuvant. The histomorphological and pathophysiological characteristics of the mammary tissues were observed for 14 days after the completion of modeling, and the effects of the granulomatous lobular mastitis model were compared.ResultsThe morphological changes and physiopathological characteristics of granulomatous lobular mastitis in the high- and low-dose groups were significantly different when compared with the blank control, Freund's adjuvant, and normal breast homogenate groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionHuman granulomatous lobular mastitis specimen homogenates and suspensions of complete Freund's adjuvant for granulomatous lobular mastitis can successfully establish an animal model of the disease and lead to insights and new ideas for the etiology of the disease.

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of flaxseed lignans (SDG) on mammary gland development, lactation performance, and lactation-related hormone levels in primiparous rats. A total of 80 primiparous rats were randomly divided into four groups (20 rats per group). The control group was fed a normal diet, while the test groups I, II, and III were fed a normal diet plus orally administered 125 mg/(L⋅kg) SDG, 5 mg/(L⋅kg) Br, and 125 mg/(L⋅kg) SDG + 5 mg/(L⋅kg) Br, respectively. SDG was administered throughout pregnancy, and Br was given from the 14th day of gestation until delivery. Medication was stopped on the day of delivery, and eight pups from each litter were retained for milk production measurement. The experimental period lasted for 15 days. The results showed that the milk production on days 13 and 15 of groups I and III was significantly higher than that of group II (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The mammary gland weight, mammary DNA and RNA content, and the RNA/DNA ratio in test group I were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and extremely higher than those in test group II (P<0.01). The acini diameter in the mammary glands of rats in test groups I and III was significantly higher than that in the control group and test group II (P<0.05), and the duct diameter was extremely higher than that in the control group and test groupII (P<0.01). The levels of reproductive axis hormones in group I were significantly higher than those in the other groups, with estradiol (E2) and prolactin (PRL) were significantly higher than those in test group II (P<0.05), and progesterone (P), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and growth hormone (GH) were extremely higher than those in test group II (P<0.01). The study indicates that the administration of SDG can improve rat mammary function, promote the development of mammary acini and ducts, increase milk production, and elevate lactation-related hormone levels. The effects of different treatment groups on the mammary glands of primiparous rats were ranked as follows: Test group I > test group III > test control group > test group II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery is the property of Chinese Journal of Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the experiment was to investigate the regulatory effect of Chinese herbal extract (ZY) on lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in mice. A total of 72 Kunming female rats with SPF grade 3~5 d postpartum were selected, 12 were randomly selected as the blank control group (BC group), and the other 60 were randomly divided into five groups, namely the model group (M group), the positive control group (Dex group), the high dose (ZY-H group), the medium dose (ZY-M group) and the low dose (ZY-L group) of Chinese herbal extract, with 12 mice in each group. Mice in other groups except BC group were subjected to mastitis modeling after environmental adaptation. 2 h after the modeling was completed, mice in the ZY-H group, ZY-M group and ZY-L group were given 16, 8 and 4 mg/g Chinese herbal extract, respectively. Mice in the Dex group were injected with 5 mg/kg dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection peritoneally, and mice in the BC group and the M group were gavaged fed with normal saline of the same volume. After molding, it was treated continuously for 7 d. The results showed that the mammary gland acinar and acinar duct structures were destroyed and accompanied by inflammatory infiltration in the mammary gland tissue of mice in M group. Compared with the BC group, histopathological scores in the M group were extremely increased (P<0.01), the content of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MPO were extremely increased (P<0.01), and the content of PPAR-γ were extremely decreased (P<0.01). Compared with M group, the histopathological conditions of mammary gland in Dex group and ZY groups were recovered to a certain extent, the histopathological scores were extremely decreased (P<0.01), the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and MPO were extremely decreased (P<0.01), and the content of PPAR-γ were extremely increased (P<0.01). The study indicates that each dose of Chinese herbal extract has a positive regulatory effect on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Progress in Modern Biomedicine is the property of Publishing House of Progress in Modern Biomedicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health is the property of Journal of Modern Medicine & Health and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To analyze the image features of shear wave elastrography (SWE) in breast masses, and to evaluate their values in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions. Methods: A total of 361 patients with 403 breast lesions who simultaneously underwent conventional ultrasound and SWE examination from February 2015 to January 2018 were selected. Diagnosis in all patients was confirmed by aspiration biopsy or operative pathology. The SWE images were collected and the elastic images were divided into 5 types. The SWE image features of different breast pathological types were summarized, and their values in benign and malignant breast lesion diagnoses were evaluated. Results: The main features of benign breast lesion were type Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the main features of the malignant lesion were type Ⅳ and Ⅴ, and the proportion of which were 43.6% (71/163), 37.4% (61/163), 22.1% (53/240) and 57.9% (139/240), respectively. Type Ⅲ accounted for a certain proportion in both benign and malignant lesions. The SWE image features of benign and malignant lesions were compared and a significant difference was observed ( P <0.001). The type Ⅴ features were mainly observed in invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma and other types of invasive carcinoma, while the type Ⅳ features were mostly presented in ductal carcinoma in situ and mucinous carcinoma. Fibroadenoma, fibroadenosis accompanied with fibroadenoma, and fibroadenosis were featured with type Ⅰ. Both intraductal papilloma and benign phyllodes tumor were mostly type Ⅱ, while type Ⅲ and Ⅴ were more common in chronic granulomatous mastitis. When type Ⅰ and typeⅡof breast lesions were classified as benign features while type Ⅳ and Ⅴ were malignant features, the sensitivity and specificity of breast malignant lesion diagnosis were 91.2% and 84.7% by application of SWE combined with breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). The sensitivity of combined diagnosis was slightly lower than that of conventional ultrasound ( P >0.05), but the specificity was significantly higher than conventional ultrasound ( P <0.01). Conclusion: The SWE is a simple and effective method. Combination of SWE with conventional ultrasound may improve the diagnostic differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD)of the breast., Methods: Twelve cases of extranodal RDD of the breast were analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistochemical staining.The morphological features and immunophenotype were observed by light microscopy, accompanied with a review of the literature., Results: Twelve cases of extranodal RDD of the breast are presented. The patients were women and their ages ranged from 15 to 55 years (mean =37 years). Except one patient with involvement of the right breast and ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes, other eleven patients' disease confined to the breast. Seven cases located in the right breast, the other five cases in the left breast. Microscopically, it showed a typical morphology, characterized by diffuse infiltration of large histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasmocytes that formed irregular nodular structure with light and dark appearance under microscope. Spindling of histiocytosis often arranged in a vague storiform with prominent fibrosis, accumulation of foamy histiocytes and scattered atypical nuclei. The characteristic histocytes and emperipolesis could not be seen obviously in extranodal RDD of the breast.Immunohistochemical staining showed histocytes were strongly positive for S-100 protein, CD68 and CD163, while negative for CD1a., Conclusions: Extranodal RDD of the breast is very rare. Because of unconspicuous emperipolesis and lack of specificity in clinic and images, extranodal RDD of the breast is easy to be misdiagnosed as other histiocytosis. The microscopic differential diagnosis includes idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, infective granulomas, langerhans cell histiocytosis, IgG4 related sclerosing disease, Erdheim-Chester disease, benign fibrous histiocytoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma. Light and dark appearance under microscope is the important clue in diagnosis of extranodal RDD in breast. Immunohistochemistry is also helpful.

Objective: To evaluate the sonographic features of different pathological types of breast granulomatous diseases and analyze the feasibility of ultrasonic diagnosis., Methods: A total of 32 patients with different pathological types of breast granulomatous diseases were recruited. Their clinical and sonographic findings were retrospectively reviewed. There were granulomatous mastitis (n = 12), breast xanthogranuloma (n = 5), lipogranuloma (n = 2), foreign body granuloma (n = 1) and nonspecific granulation hyperplasia (n = 12)., Results: Based on major sonographic appearances, they were divided into 4 patterns of tubular, mass, diffuse and cystic mass. In 12 patients with granulomatous mastitis and 12 patients with nonspecific granulation hyperplasia, the major sonographic appearance was of tubular pattern (n = 6, 5), followed by mass pattern (n = 4, 5) and diffuse pattern (n = 2, 2). Five patients with breast xanthogranuloma and 1 patient with foreign body granuloma all showed mass pattern. In 2 patients with lipogranuloma, one was of mass pattern and another cystic pattern. In patients with granulomatous mastitis and patients with nonspecific granulation hyperplasia, it showed a high diagnostic reliability of ultrasound. The ratio of inflammatory lesion as the first sonographic diagnosis was 10/12 and 8/12 respectively and ultrasonic BI-RADS 4b or above both only 1/12. However, the ratio of sonographic imaging in patients with xanthogranuloma and Lipogranuloma mimic breast cancer, in which ultrasonic score as breast imaging-reporting and data system (BI-RADS) 4b or above was 4/5 and 1/1 respectively., Conclusions: Ultrasound is valuable in evaluating the lesions in patients with granulomatous mastitis and nonspecific granulation hyperplasia. However a definite diagnosis is still dependent on histopathology.