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Objective To study the RHD genotyping of primary screening RhD negative population in Beijing, and analyze the serological characteristics of different genotypes and the distribution of Rh phenotypes. Methods From August 2022 to January 2024, 204 RhD negative samples in our hospital were initially screened by microplate or microcolumn agglutination method. RhD antigen phenotype was identified by saline tube method, and RhD negative confirmation test was performed by microcolumn gel-indirect antiglobulin technology.RHD genotyping was performed by polymerasing chain reaction-sequence specific primmer (PCR-SSP) method and sequencing technology, and the phenotypic frequency and gene frequency were calculated. Results The distribution of Rh serologic phenotypes in 204 RhD negative samples were 112 cases of ccee (54.90%) > 73 cases of Ccee (35.78%) > 9 cases of CCee (4.41%) > 6 cases of ccEe (2.94%) > 4 cases of CcEe (1.96%). A total of 7 RHD genotypes were detected in this study, including 129 cases of RHD* 01N.01 (63.24%), 44 cases of RHD* 01EL.01 (21.57%), 26 cases of RHD* 01N.03 (12.75%), 2 cases of RHD* 01N.16 (0.98%), 1 case of RHD* 06.03.01 (0.49%), 1 case of weak RHD* 15 (0.49%) and 1 case of RHD* 13.01/RHD* 01N.01 (0.49%). The frequency and phenotype distribution of Rh blood group antigen gene were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Conclusion The RHD gene is polymorphic in the primary screening RhD negative population in Beijing, and the most common RhD negative genotype is RHD* 01N.01, and the RHD variant is RHD* 01EL.01.This study may provide data to support the clinical implementation of genotype-matched blood transfusions.

Objective To choose different treatment methods after human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and analyze the negative conversion of HPV, so as to provide reference for the treatment after HPV infection. Methods From January 2016 to October 2023, a total of 278 cases (1 109 HPV genotyping reports) of the women who had positive HPV genotyping tests in outpatient, inpatient, and health examinations in the hospital were selected as the research objects. The patients diagnosed as cervical cancer,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or inflammation by biopsy after HPV infection were treated with surgery (the operation group, 40 cases), medicine (the medication group, 68 cases) or no special treatment (the untreated group, 170 cases) according to their condition. HPV typing was performed on cervical exfoliated cells of the patients with regular follow-up,and the HPV negative conversion was statistically analyzed. Results Single infection was the main infection in the 278 cases of female HPV infection [65.8% (183/278)]. The top three high-risk HPV infection were HPV52 [23,7% (66/278)],HPV16 [19.8%(55/278) and HPV58 [14.4% (40/278)] respectively.and HPV81 was the main low-risk type, with an infection rate of 11.9% (33/278). The first-year follow-up HPV negative conversion rates of the patients in the operation group, the medication group and the untreated group were 62.5%(25/40),61,8% (42/68) and 30.0%(51/170), respectively. There was no significant difference in the first-year follow-up HPV negative conversion rates of the patients in the operation group and the medication group (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the first-year follow-up HPV negative conversion rates of the patients in the medication group and the untreated group (P<0.05). In the untreated group, the HPV negative conversion rate in the second year of follow-up [45.9% (50/109)] was significantly higher than that in the first year [30.0% (51/170)], and the HPV negative conversion rate in the first and second years of follow-up for the patients 45 years old [39.4%(41/104) and 53.6%(37/69),respectively] was significantly higher than that of those older than 45 years old [15.2% (10/66) and 32.5% (13/40),respectively]. and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Surgery or drug therapy can significantly improve the negative conversion rate of HPV, the clinician can choose the appropriate treatment according to the patient's condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the genotyping and epidemiological characteristics of norovirus in 16 clusters of vomiting and diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai, and to provide technical support and data reference for the treatment and prevention of clusters of vomiting and diarrhea caused by norovirus in the district and the whole city. Methods A total of 136 anal swab samples were collected from people involved in 16 clusters of vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2018 to 2019. The nucleic acid of norovirus was detected by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. The polymerase-capsid protein link region was amplified by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction and sequenced in the positive samples of typical cases. Genotyping and phylogenetic tree were constructed by bioinformatics tools. Results Among the 136 specimens,62 (45.59%) were positive for norovirus G II nucleic acid, and zero was positive for norovirus GI nucleic acid. 42 noroviruses were successfully sequenced, and four genotypes were obtained by sequence alignment analysis. Among the 16 clusters of vomiting and diarrhea outbreaks, nine were G II. P16-GII. 2 (56.25%),two were G II. P7-GII.6 (12.50%), two were GII. P12-GII.3 (12.50%), and three were G II. Pe-GII.4 (18.75%). Conclusion Norovirus is an important pathogen causing clustered vomiting and diarrhea in Putuo District of Shanghai from 2018 to 2019. It is mainly G II group and has a variety of genotypes. among which GII. P16-GII.2 is the main epidemic strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To investigate the relationship between molecular genetic characteristics, clinical pathological features, curative effect and prognosis of adult diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by LymphGen typing, and to verify the guiding value of genotyping for the prognosis and treatment of DLBCL. Methods The clinical and pathological data of 130 patients with untreated adult DLBCL with complete data were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, including the results of lymphoma- related immunofluorescence in situ hybridization and next-generation sequencing. The detection results were grouped according to LymphGen typing, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves to analyze the relationship between genotypes and clinicopathological characteristics, as well as the effect of genotypes on efficacy, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results A total of 69 cases (53. 1%) of the 130 patients could be genotyped by LymphGen. Among them, the distribution of cell origin classification and lymphoma international prognostic index (IPI) was different among gene subtypes, and the differences were statistically significant (P =0. 0350, 0. 041). The source of non-germinal center B cells were more common in MCD and A53 types, and most of them had relatively high IPI scores, and poor efficacy, PFS and OS. The survival curve and test results showed that there was a significant difference in 5-year PFS rate between different gene subtypes (P =0. 008), but there was no significant difference in 5-year OS rate (P = 0. 279). Conclusion The genetic subtypes of LymphGen genetic subtypes have a certain guiding value for the prognosis and treatment of DLBCL, among which the MCD and A53 groups have poorer efficacy and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a highly sensitive detection method of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotyping by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), and to explore the feasibility of applying it to the detection of human platelet antigen (HPA) compatibility in maternal peripheral blood fetal free DNA. Methods For SNP mutation sites of HPA-3 and HPA-15, specific primers and MGB probes were designed, and amplification conditions such as annealing temperature and primer concentration of ddPCR were optimized to establish the optimal reaction system and clarify the test procedures. The methodological performance of the assay was evaluated, including specificity, sensitivity, repeatability and stability. ddPCR was used to detect 67 clinical blood samples, and the allele typing results were compared with the gene sequencing results. The fetal free DNA HPA antigen of 52 maternal peripheral blood samples was detected. Results The ddPCR method for detecting platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 showed good specificity of primers and probes. The optimal annealing temperatures for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were 61.6℃ and 60.2℃, respectively. The optimal concentrations of primers were 900 nM and 700 nM respectively. The final concentration of the probe was 250 nM. The quantitative detection range of copy number was 2 to 20 000 copies, with lower limit of detection of 0.1 copies/μL, and the linearity is good. In low copy number samples, the intra - and inter batch coefficient of variation (CV) of actual detection values for HPA-3 and HPA-15 were both lower than 5%. The detection results of HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotypes of 67 blood samples were consistent with the gene sequencing results, and its application in fetomaternal platelet HPA-3, HPA-15 genotype detection met expectations. Conclusion The HPA-3 and HPA-15 ddPCR detection system constructed in this study has high accuracy, good repeatability, stability and sensitivity, and can be applied to the establishment of platelet HPA-3 and HPA-15 genotype donor pool, gene matching and fetomaternal platelet compatibility detection.

【Objective】Aroma is one of the important quality traits of rice, which directly affects consumers' evaluation on cooking and eating quality of rice. The selection of aromatic rice resources and the identification and utilization of aroma genes has practical significance for the genetic breeding and the development of aromatic rice. The aroma gene, Badh2, is a major gene that has been cloned to control the aroma of rice. Clarifying the distribution and utilization frequency of different alleles of Badh2 in main aromatic rice varieties planted in South China will better serve the breeding practice of aromatic rice in this area.【Method】Genotypic analysis was conducted on Badh2 in 30 rice cultivars collected from different areas in South China with the KASP functional molecular marker. The aroma of all the cultivars were tested with different evaluation methods including chewing method, KOH soaking method and HS-SPME/GC-MS. Meanwhile, the aroma ancestries of the above aromatic rice cultivars were traced, and their genetic backgrounds of aroma origins were analysed.【Result】KASP molecular markers could accurately genotype the aroma gene Badh2. The Badh2 allele variations of 30 aromatic rice varieties planted in South China were all Badh2-E7 type. The results of the aroma test showed that all Badh2-E7 type varieties possessed aroma. The aroma source parent tracing analysis of the aromatic rice varieties revealed that the aroma source parents of aromatic rice varieties were relatively simple and mainly included Xiangyaxiangzhan, Basmati 370, and etc. Xiangyaxiangzhan accounted for about 30% of the aroma source parents, and Basmati 370 accounted for about 13% of the aroma source parents.【Conclusion】Large scale and rapid identification of aromatic rice can be achieved through KASP genotyping technology. The Badh2 alleles of 30 aromatic rice varieties collected in South China are all the genotype of Badh2-E7, and the simplicity of the genetic background of the aroma gene may result from the single source of the aroma parent. In future aromatic rice breeding, new aroma genes can be introduced to enrich the genetic background of rice aroma.

The pathogenicity of different strains of porcine‑derived Escherichia coli varies greatly. By focusing on the types and quantities of virulence factors carried in the genomes of the strains, we can analyze the molecular mechanism of porcine‑derived E. coli causing disease. Next‑generation high‑throughput DNA sequencing technology was used to determine the genomic DNA sequence of porcine‑derived pathogenic E. coli, and bioinformatics methods were adapted to analyze the genome structural characteristics, evolutionary types, virulence factor genes and base variation of different virulent strains. PCR method was to verify the candidate virulence factor genes. The full lengths of the genomes from different virulent strains of porcine pathogenic E. coli ranged from 4.62 Mb to 5.3 Mb, containing 3 364 to 3 557 coding genes. Most phylogenetic groups and multi‑locus sequence typing of strains belonged to group A and ST10 clonal complex groups. Six virulent strains carried 112 to 280 virulence factor genes. Virulence factor genes, especially toxin genes, in strong virulent strains were more than that in the weak virulent strains, and the number of genes in the secretion system of each strain varied greatly. In addition, there were high‑impact variations（e.g., insertion deletion, frameshift mutation, and nonsense mutation）in virulence factor genes. And representative virulence factor genes and their mutations were confirmed by PCR method. The virulence of porcine‑derived pathogenic E. coli was correlated with genome size and number and variation in coding genes, and was not necessarily related to the GC content, prophage, and CRISPR sequence in genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】Aroma is one of the important quality traits of rice, which directly affects consumers’ evaluation on cooking and eating quality of rice. The selection of aromatic rice resources and the identification and utilization of aroma genes has practical significance for the genetic breeding and the development of aromatic rice. The aroma gene, Badh2, is a major gene that has been cloned to control the aroma of rice. Clarifying the distribution and utilization frequency of different alleles of Badh2 in main aromatic rice varieties planted in South China will better serve the breeding practice of aromatic rice in this area.【Method】Genotypic analysis was conducted on Badh2 in 30 rice cultivars collected from different areas in South China with the KASP functional molecular marker. The aroma of all the cultivars were tested with different evaluation methods including chewing method, KOH soaking method and HS-SPME/GC-MS. Meanwhile, the aroma ancestries of the above aromatic rice cultivars were traced, and their genetic backgrounds of aroma origins were analysed.【Result】KASP molecular markers could accurately genotype the aroma gene Badh2. The Badh2 allele variations of 30 aromatic rice varieties planted in South China were all Badh2-E7 type. The results of the aroma test showed that all Badh2-E7 type varieties possessed aroma. The aroma source parent tracing analysis of the aromatic rice varieties revealed that the aroma source parents of aromatic rice varieties were relatively simple and mainly included Xiangyaxiangzhan, Basmati 370, and etc. Xiangyaxiangzhan accounted for about 30% of the aroma source parents, and Basmati 370 accounted for about 13% of the aroma source parents【. Conclusion】 Large scale and rapid identification of aromatic rice can be achieved through KASP genotyping technology. The Badh2 alleles of 30 aromatic rice varieties collected in South China are all the genotype of Badh2-E7, and the simplicity of the genetic background of the aroma gene may result from the single source of the aroma parent. In future aromatic rice breeding, new aroma genes can be introduced to enrich the genetic background of rice aroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of South China Agricultural University is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the diseases that seriously damage the health of poultry and is widely prevalent worldwide. It is characterized by high fever, respiratory distress, dysentery, neurological disorders, and mucosal hemorrhage, seriously threatening the growth and reproduction of poultry and production of poultry meat. Newcastle disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which has been prevalent for nearly 100 years and can infect more than 200 species of poultry, including chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons. It has many genotypes, and the variable genotypes bring great difficulties to the prevention and control of ND. The migration of birds plays an important role in the cross-border spread of the virus, resulting in Newcastle disease outbreaks in various regions of China, bringing huge economic losses to the poultry industry and seriously restricting the healthy development of the poultry breeding industry. In view of the wide distribution of NDV and the strong host mobility, it makes an important epidemic disease threatening the poultry breeding industry. Therefore, to understand the prevalence of NDV in China, the study analyzes its molecular epidemiology and the spatial and temporal distribution of each genotype, and it is found that ND in China is mainly distributed in southern China, such as Guangxi and Guangdong, eastern China, such as Jiangsu and Anhui, and northwestern China, such as Shaanxi and Gansu. The highly pathogenic Class Ⅱ strains isolated from these regions include multiple genotypes, with genotype Ⅱ and genotype Ⅶ strains being the main prevalent strains. The collation and analysis of NDV prevalence data provide reference data for epidemic prevention control, and vaccine development.

Objective To analyze and master the serological and genetic characteristics of the samples with CisAB subtype and their genetic background. Methods From January 2018 to January 2022, blood samples with discrepant ABO blood typing results, from Zhengzhou voluntary blood donors and hospital patients, were subjected to phenotypic classification using micro column gel card and tube method, as well as amplification of exons 6 and 7 in ABO gene using PCR. The pedigrees of individuals with the same CisAB subtype but different serological typing results in the same family were analyzed. Results 11 The forward typing of 12 samples was AB type, and unexpected antibodies against weaker antigens were found in 11 serum samples, including 9 cases with strong antigen A, 2 cases with strong antigen B, and 1 case with consistent forward and reverse typing results. Gene sequencing confirmed that 11 cases were CisAB01 subtype and 1 case was CisAB05 subtype.Among them, 7 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/O and serological phenotype of A2B3; 2 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/B and phenotype of A2B; 2 cases had the genotype of CisAB01/A and serological phenotype of A1Bx and A1B3; 1 case had the phenotype of AxB. In the CisAB01 family, 1 case of CisAB01/O with A2B3 phenotype and 1 case of CisAB01/B with A2B phenotype were detected. In the CisAB05 family, 2 CisAB05/O01 and 1 CisAB05/O02 were detected. Conclusion The serological phenotypes of different individuals in the same CisAB01 family can be different when paired with different ABO alleles. It is advisable to accurately identify the CisAB subtype genes with molecular biological methods to ensure blood transfusion safety.

ObjectiveTo determine the pathogen and phylogenetic characteristics of an uncommon outbreak of recombinant norovirus infection in Daishan County in February 2022.MethodsFluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the norovirus in the eight anal swabs collected in the outbreak. In the positive samples， reverse transcription PCR were used to amplify the norovirus. Norovirus sequences were characterized by MEGA7 and Simplot.ResultsNorovirus GⅠ was identified in all eight anal samples. It was further determined to be recombinant norovirus GⅠ.6 ［P11］， with the recombination site at the ORF1-ORF2 junction. The sequence had the highest nucleotide identity （98.75%） to a GⅠ.6［P11］ strain collected in 2018 （GenBank accession number MT357995）.ConclusionAccording to the etiological identification and phylogenetic analysis， this outbreak is confirmed to be caused by the uncommon recombinant norovirus GⅠ.6 ［P11］ in China.

Objective To investigate the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) genotypes and regional distribution of Yersinia pestis strains in the natural plague foci of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province (referred to as "Hainan prefecture") and provide a scientific basis for plague prevention and control in this area. Methods A total of 36 representative Yersinia pestis strains, which were isolated from different host animals and insect vectors from 1954 to 2009 in Hainan Prefecture, were selected as experimental subjects. The DNAs were extracted using the traditional sodium dodecyl sulfate decomposition and phenol-chloroform method. Three pairs of CRISPR primers (YPa, Ypb, YPc) were used for PCR amplification, sequencing and analysis of the DNA of the tested strains, respectively, as a means to identify the CRISPR genotypes of Yersinia pestis in Hainan Prefecture. Results A total of 17 spacers were observed among 36 strains of Yersinia pestis, including 9 of YPa, 5 of YPb and 3 of YPc. All strains were divided into 5 CRISPR gene clusters (Cb2, Cb4 ', Ca7, Ca7 ', Ca35 ') and 6 genotypes (G1, G9, G22, G22-A1 ', G26-A1 ', G26-A1 'A4 -). The G26-a1 ' was the main genotype, which was distributed in Gonghe, Guide and Xinghai County, and the G22 is the second type, which was distributed in Gonghe and Guide County. Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of CRISPR loci of Yersinia pestis strains in Hainan was high, and the regional distribution characteristics of Yersinia pestis strains with different genotypes were significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the serology and genotype identification method of B (A) subtype patients. Methods Test tube method (serology) was used to confirm the clinically difficult ABO blood group samples of 3 patients with ABO blood group; ABO blood group was genotyped by real-time PCR, and the ABO gene exon 1-7 was sequenced to determine the genotype. Results The forward and reverse blood typing result of three patients was B (A) subtype all with ABO genotype B/O2 and c.640A> G mutation on B allele of exon 7, which meets the characteristics of ABO * BA.04 genotype. Conclusion The combination of serological and genetic testing could identify difficult blood types such as ABO subtypes accurately and ensure the safety of clinical blood use.

Objective To investigate the serological and molecular genetic characteristics of B(A) and cisAB blood groups discovered in our laboratory. Methods ABO blood group serology and genetic tests were used to identify blood groups of 6 blood samples, submitted by blood center and hospitals in Shandong, and pedigree investigation was carried on 2 of them. Results Among the 6 samples, serological results were B(A) in 5 cases and cisAB in 1 case. The results of genetic tests were consistent with the serological results, as the alleles included B(A)04, B(A)02 and cisAB01, and all genotypes were heterozygous with O. Serological pedigree study was conducted on 2 samples: One cisAB patient with his 4 relatives(cisAB type father and three O type relatives) and one B(A)02/O1 donor with his 3 relatives[ B(A) type father/brother and O type mother). For B(A)02/O1 donor, the results of genetic testing were consistent with the serological results, as the paternal genotype was the same as that of the proband, the younger brother was B(A)02/O2, and the maternal genotype was O1/O2. Conclusion The cisAB and B(A) blood groups are often indistinguishable by serological phenotypes and require genetic confirmation. CisAB pedigree investigation revealed 2 cases of cisAB blood type and B(A) pedigree investigation revealed 3 cases of B(A). The genotyping of cisAB and B(A) in this region were cisAB01/O2, B(A)02/O1, B(A)02/O2, B(A)04/O1 and B(A)04/O2. B(A)and cisAB subtypes can be accurately identified through genetic testing and pedigree investigation, which can provide a reliable basis for blood transfusion selection and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the diseases that seriously damage the health of poultry and is widely prevalent worldwide. It is characterized by high fever, respiratory distress, dysentery, neurological disorders, and mucosal hemorrhage, seriously threatening the growth and reproduction of poultry and production of poultry meat. Newcastle disease is caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which has been prevalent for nearly 100 years and can infect more than 200 species of poultry, including chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons. It has many genotypes, and the variable genotypes bring great difficulties to the prevention and control of ND. The migration of birds plays an important role in the cross-border spread of the virus, resulting in Newcastle disease outbreaks in various regions of China, bringing huge economic losses to the poultry industry and seriously restricting the healthy development of the poultry breeding industry. In view of the wide distribution of NDV and the strong host mobility, it makes an important epidemic disease threatening the poultry breeding industry. Therefore, to understand the prevalence of NDV in China, the study analyzes its molecular epidemiology and the spatial and temporal distribution of each genotype, and it is found that ND in China is mainly distributed in southern China, such as Guangxi and Guangdong, eastern China, such as Jiangsu and Anhui, and northwestern China, such as Shaanxi and Gansu. The highly pathogenic Class Ⅱ strains isolated from these regions include multiple genotypes, with genotype Ⅱ and genotype Ⅶ strains being the main prevalent strains. The collation and analysis of NDV prevalence data provide reference data for epidemic prevention control, and vaccine development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective To collect blood samples of 64 RhD negative patients in our hospital for RHD genotyping and phenotype analysis (RhC/c/E/e), and analyze the distribution characteristics of different RHD genotypes. Methods The RHD gene of RhD negative patients was genotyped by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The Rh phenotype was identified by IgM anti-e, anti-c, anti-C and anti-E, respectively. Results Forty-two cases of RHD deletion were detected, dominated by ccee phenotype (88.1%); 9 of RHD1227A cases, dominated by Ccee phenotype(77.8%); 8 of RHD-CE(3-9)-D2 cases, dominated by Ccee phenotype (75%); 1 of RHD-CE(3-10)-D2 case with Ccee phenotype, 1 of RHD*711delC case; 1 of RHAG site invalid type were detected. The typing results could not be determined in 2 cases by PCR method. Conclusion RhD negative patients showed diversity in RHD genotype, dominated by RHD deletion, followed by RHD1227A, RHD-CE(2-9)-D2, RHD-CE(3-10)-D2, RHD*711delC and RHAG site deletions.

ObjectiveTo examine genotype distribution of Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) strains isolated from meat product specimens in Beijing and genetic correlations among the strains with whole genome sequencing (WGS). MethodsTotally 110 Lm strains were sequenced with WGS and analyzed with multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Gene assembly, prediction and function annotation for WGS results of the strains were performed using relevant softwares. The Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD) and the Virulence Factors Database (VFDB) were used to screen drug resistance genes and pathogenic genes of the isolated Lm strains. ResultsThe 110 Lm strains were classified into 17 sequence type (ST) types; among the 17 ST types, there was a unknown ST type (namely STnew1) and ST9 was the dominant ST type. The STnew1 has multiple drug resistance genes including genes against macrolides, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, chloramphenicols, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim and gene deletion of prfA, hpt, plcA, plcB, inlC, and hlyA. Of the 110 Lm strains, all carried the Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity island (LIPI-1) gene, except for 6 non-pathogenic strains, and 20.9% carried drug resistance genes. ConclusionMultiple drug resistance genes are prevalence in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from meat products and LIPI-1 gene is dominant among the drug resistance genes. The results suggest that contamination of Listeria monocytogenes in meat products needs to be monitored and controlled to reduce the risk of foodborne diseases caused by the bacteria.

ObjectiveTo understand the contamination status, serotype and toxin genes characteristics of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) in food samples in Liaoning Province.MethodsA total of 260 samples of raw meat and frozen surimi products were collected from 6 cities in Liaoning Province. The samples were tested for C. perfringens according to the national food safety standard GB 4789.13—2012. At the same time, the C. perfringens strains were identified by biochemical and fluorescent quantitative PCR method. Genotyping of toxin gene was detected by PCR method, and phylogenetic tree analysis was carried out for 16S rRNA gene sequence.ResultsA total of 15 C. perfringens strains were detected and the total detection rate was 5.8% in 260 food samples. The highest detection rate was 29% (9/31) in raw mutton. The result of toxin test showed that all strains detected α toxin. The detection rate of type A strains (α toxin) was 66.7%(10/15). The detection rate of type C strains (α toxin and β toxin) was 33.3%(5/15). There were 6 strains detected β2 toxin, including 4 strains of type A and 2 strains of type C. The detection rate of enterotoxin CPE was 6.7% (1/15). The 16S rRNA analysis showed that the genetic relationship of the strains carrying the same toxin gene was close.ConclusionC. perfringens strains were detected in raw animal meat and frozen surimi products in Liaoning Province, and the pollution of raw animal meat was serious. Moreover, there was a high risk of food poisoning mainly posed by type A and type C strains. Therefore, monitoring, prevention and control should be strengthened.

Objective: To survey the status of infection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical exfoliated cells and identify the local epidemiological characteristics of HPV infections. Methods: The HPV subtype test was carried out on cervical exfoliated cells obtained from 58 883 female subjects in the gynecological clinic and physical examination center from October 2017 through December 2020. The results were retrospectively reviewed and distribution of 25 common HPV subtypes in patients of different age groups and with different types of cervical disease (chronic cervicitis, cervical neoplasia, cervical malignant tumor) were analyzed. Results: Of 58 883 female subjects surveyed, 9 168(15.57%) cases were positive for HPV infection, including 6 971 single infection cases and 2 197 multiple infection cases. The HPV52 (3.31%), HPV58 (2.05%), and HPV16 (1.92%) were subtypes mostly detected. The HPV infection rate in females aged under 20 (37.34%) and between 21-30 (19.52%) were significantly higher than subjects of other age groups. Of 2 105 patients with cervical lesions, the HPV52 (16.92%), HPV58 (10.68%) and HPV16 (10.16%) were mostly identified in patients with chronic cervicitis; the HPV52 ( 22.22%), HPV16 (17.46%), HPV58 (14.29%) were mostly associated with cervical epithelial neoplasia; and the HPV16 (29.59%), HPV52 (11.24%), HPV58 (10.06%) were the most common subtypes detected in patients with cervical malignant tumors. Conclusions: The HPV infection rate in females of Shanghai is 15.57%, and the HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16 are the predominant subtypes detected. The three subtypes are also highly associated with patients with cervical lesions and cervical cancer, which indicates that the HPV52, HPV58, and HPV16, instead of HPV16 and HPV18 suggested in foreign epidemic studies, are the carcinogenic subtypes of HPV in Shanghai.

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine / Zhongguo Yufang Shouyi Xuebao is the property of Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The contamination rate and gene groups of Norovirus(NoV) in oyster collected from harvesting farm in Fujian Province was investigated, and the contamination concentration was quantitatively analyzed, so as to provide data support for surveillance and risk assessment of Norovirus in food. Methods 244 oyster samples from oyster culture bed in Fujian Province were collected from August 2017 to September 2018. Norovirus nucleic acid was detected by realtime fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to monitor Norovirus contamination in oyster production farm. Results The positive rate of Norovirus in 211 valid samples was 30.33%(64/211). Norovirus was detected in both GI and GII groups. 16.59%(35/211) of the samples were GI positive, 24.17%(51/211) of the samples were GII positive, and 10.43%(22/211) of the samples were both GI and GII positive. The range of the quantity of Norovirus in positive samples was from 1.05×102 -1.68×104 gene copies/g(digestive gland). Conclusion ected from commercial harvesting farm in Fujian Province were partly contaminated by Norovirus. A marked winter seasonality of contamination by both prevalence and quantity was observed. It is necessary to take more targeted risk management interventions in winter to reduce the risk of human illness resulting from Norovirus contamination of oysters.

Objective To explore the application value of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection combined with and ThinPrep cytology test (TCT) in screening of cervical lesions. Methods A total of 14 962 women who undergoing 21 HPV genotyping and cervical fluid based TCT detection at the same time in our hospital from October 2018 to October 2019 were enrolled in this study. The HPV infection rate, subtype distribution, age distribution, and the high-risk HPV infection rates in different TCT results, and combined detection of high-risk HPV and TCT were observed and analyzed statistically. Results Among them, 1 482 cases were positive to HPV, with a total positive rate of 9.91%. All 21 subtypes, including 13 high-risk types and 8 low-risk types, were detected. The highest infection rate was HPV 52 (17.61%), and the lowest was HPV 43 (0.06%). The top 3 subtypes of high-risk HPV infection were HPV 52 (17.61%), 58 (14.89%), and 16 (11.88%), and those of low-risk were HPV 53 (9.89%), CP8304 (6.48%), and 66 (3.58%). The highest single infection rate was 78.34% (1 161/1 482), double infection rate 13.70% (203/1 482), and triple and above infection rate 7.96% (118/1 482). For the 5 age groups (< 25, 25~35, 36~45, 46~55 and >55 years), the infection rate of HPV was 12.72% (22/173), 10.70% (306/2 861), 9.07% (454/5 008), 9.75% (540/5 541) and 11.60% (160/1 379), respectively. The highest infection rate was in the < 25-year group, and statistical differences were seen among the different age groups (P < 0.05). With the increasing severity of cervical lesions, the infection rate of high-risk HPV was elevated, and high-grade intraepithelial lesion (HISL) was the most common lesion (83.90%, 99/118). There were significant difference in the infection rate of high-risk HPV among different TCT groups (P < 0.05). There were 537 cases of TCT positive to HPV infection (3.59%), including 273 cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 146 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and 118 cases of HISL. There were 1 184 cases (7.91%) positive to high-risk HPV, 280 cases (1.87%) were positive to both 2 detection, and 1 441 cases (9.63%) were positive to combined detection. The difference between the positive rate of combined detection and single detection was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion The top 3 high-risk HPV subtypes in female physical examiners are 52, 58 and 16. Combined detection of HPV subtyping and TCT can improve the detection rate of cervical lesions.

Copyright of Forensic Science & Technology is the property of Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives To identify VP7, VP4 and NSP4 genotypes and analyze their sequence characterization of group A rotavirus (RVA) strains prevalent in Tianjin. Methods The fecal samples of patients suffered from RVA-positive cases of acute diarrhea in Tianjin during 2018-2020 were collected and viral RNA were extracted. VP7, VP4 and NSP4 gene fragments were amplified by RT-PCR and PCR products were sequenced to analysis phylogenetic tree. Results The genotyping results showed that all RVA prevalent in Tianjing (TJ) strains in this study were G9P[8]. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that VP7 and VP4 belonged to lineages G9-VI and P[8]-3. Phylogenetic analysis of NSP4 confirmed that 19 RVAs belonged to E1 and 12 RVAs belonged to E2. Comparison with vaccine strains and international epidemic strains showed VP7, VP4 and NSP4 genes of TJ strains had amino acid substitution at key sites. Thirty-one TJ-VP7 amino acid sequences were found with 4 and 3 substitution sites each compared to Rotavac G9 and Rotasiil G9. Six and three amino acid differences were found for thirty-one TJ-VP8* nucleotide sequences each compared with Rotarix P[8]-1 and RotaTeq. Compared with the two vaccines, only one amino acid site variation of TJ-VP5* was found in I388L of 5-1 region of RotaTeq, and the other 11 amino acid sites were highly conserved, while the amino acid sequence of the Rotarix 5-1 to 5-5 region is identical. Compared with the vaccine strain, TJ-E1 strain had 2 and 3 amino acid mutations in ASI and ASII regions, respectively; TJ E2 strain had 3, 8, 2, and 5 amino acid substitutions in ASI-ASIV, respectively, compared to the NSP4 sequence of the vaccine strain. 19 G9P[8]-E1 and 12 G9P[8]-E2 were detected in Tianjin from 2018 to 2020, which is the first time a G9P[8]-E2 reassortant (IGR) strains was found in Tianjin. Conclution Compared to the same genotypic vaccines strains and epidemic strains, the effect of amino acids variations located in VP7,VP4 and NSP4 epitope regions of TJ strains on the protective efficacy of the vaccine needs to be further investigated. Continued monitoring of rotavirus molecular mutation and recombination phenomena is needed, not only for G\P typing, but also for consideration of multi-gene fragment co-analysis and whole genome sequencing, in order to grasp the recombination and recombination of rotavirus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the genotypes of Sapovirus in Longhua District in 2019, and to further understand the prevalence of Sapovirus in the area. Methods Totally 283 samples of infectious diarrhea in Longhua District were detected for Rotavirus, Norovirus and Sapovirus by real-time PCR, and then the positive samples of Sapovirus were amplified by RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction), and the amplified products were sequenced and analyzed for genetic evolution. Results In 2019, there were 24 outbreaks of infectious diarrhea in Longhua District, and 283 samples in total. Among the 24 outbreaks, 15 cases (62.5%) were caused by Norovirus; 4 cases (16.6%) were caused by Sapovirus; 1 case (4.1%) was caused by both Sapovirus and Norovirus; 4 cases (16.6%) were not detected pathogen. Among the 283 infectious diarrhea samples, 50 were Norovirus, with a positive rate of 17.6%; 23 were Sapovirus, with a positive rate of 8.1%; Rotavirus was not detected. There was no mixed infection in all samples. VP1 bands were amplified successfully in 5 of 23 Sapovirus positive samples, and the amplification efficiency was 21.7%. Genotyping analysis of the five positive samples showed that two strains were G II .3 and three strains were G II .4. Conclusion G II .3 and G II .4 are the main genotypes of Sapovirus in the diarrhea epidemic of Longhua District in 2019. Norovirus is still the main pathogen causing sporadic and outbreak of infectious diarrhea in our district. Astro/virus, Rotavirus and Adenovirus are only found in sporadic cases. Sapovirus has become an important pathogen causing acute diarrhea. Routine detection and further molecular typing of Sapovirus should be carried out in Longhua District as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the correlation of genotypes with clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of breast cancer patients. Methods Breast cancer microarray datasets were downloaded from ArrayExpress, and integrated by Affy program and YuGene packages, named as AE-meta dataset. Breast cancer RNA sequencing data was downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), named as TCGA breast cancer dataset. The absolute intrinsic molecular subtyping (AIMS) package was used to classify breast cancer subtypes. The correlation of genotypes with clinicopathological and prognostic data of breast cancer patients was analyzed. Results The LumA patients were more common in older women with smaller-sized tumors, better differentiation and less lymph node invasion. The Basal patients were more common in young women with bigger-sized tumors, poor differentiation and less lymph node invasion. Conversely, the HER2 patients were no specific age of onset, with significant lymph node metastasis and poor differentiation. Compared with other types, LumA patients had the longest survival time and rarely suffered from recurrence or metastasis. HER2 and Basal patients had the shortest survival time, with relapse and metastasis. All AIMS had high risk of metastasis to the bone and lung. In patients with brain metastasis, Basal patients had the worst prognosis. In patients with liver metastasis, Basal and HER2 patients had worse prognosis than other genotypes. Conclusion Breast cancer genotyping has a good clinical application value on reflecting the clinicopathological and prognostic features.

Pharmacogenomics is an emerging tool to improve the efficacy and safety of drug treatment through the DNA analysis in the genes related to drug concentrations (pharmacokinetics) and drug actions (pharmacodynamics). Clinicians need to integrate the genomic data in their benefit-risk assessment and then provide the right drug to the right patient at the right time. This tool can help to prevent an ineffective treatment, select right dose and reduce adverse drug reactions that are common in the current practice under the trial-observation-adjustment model. Pharmacogenomics may have extensive impacts on unique paediatric patients to enhance a better relationship between medical professionals and affected children or their guardians and to improve the drug compliance. Clinicians should embrace the advancements in pharmacogenomics and actively participate in clinical research to identify the ancestor-related alleles and develop the population-specific gene panel. It will allow patients to enjoy more achievements in pharmacogenomics by implementing it in first line clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To use enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus ( ERIC ) -polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) technology and multilocus sequence typing technology ( ML.ST ) to analyze the genotyping of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, which will provide basis for the clinical medication and hospital iufection control. Methods The resistance of 30 strains of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae to amikacin, ampicillin and other 16 antimicrobial agents was detected by VITEK- 2 bacterial analyzer. The genomic DNA from 30 strains was extracted to prepare the genomic template, and the carbapenease genes ( KPC-2, NDM-1, IMP, VIM, and OXA) were amplified and sequenced The sequences were compared by Blast on the NCBI website to determine the genotyping of carbapenem resistance genes ERIC-PCR genotyping method : 30 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were genotyped by primers designed according to the common repeat sequences among enterobacteria genes, and the electrophoretic patterns obtained by ERIC-PCR were clustered by NTSYS software. ML.ST genotyping method : seven housekeeping genes ( rpoB, gapA, mdh, pgi, phoE, iufB and tonB) fragments of Klebsiella pneumoniae were amplified 皿d sequenced and compared with the database data to obtain the allele profile, and thus the corresponding sequence type (ST) was obtained. Results Thirty carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resis血I to 皿picillin, ampicillin/ sulbactam, aztreonam, ceftaz呻me, cefazolin, cefepime, imipenem (Tyneng), and piracillin/tazobactam, with resistance rate of 100% in each, while the resistance rates of amikacin 叩d compound trimethoprim were 76. 6%, and the resistance rates of other drugs was between the two. All these 30 strains were multi-drug resistffilt bacteria. Among the 16 drugs tested, the drug resist皿ce rates r皿ged from 76. 6% to 100% . Among the 30 strains, 25 strains were positive for KPC-2 gene amplification, 2 strains were positive for NDM gene amplification, 1 strain had KPC-2 and NDM-1 genes, and 2 strains did not have carbapenemase genes. Thirty carbapenemase- resis血t Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were classified into 5 ST types by MLST method, which were ST11 (83. 3%, 25/30), ST641 (6. 6 %, 2/30), ST76 (3. 3%, 1/30), ST392 (3. 3%, 1/30)， 皿d ST1322 (3. 3%, 1/30); there were also five spectral types of ERIC-PCR typing, including type A (83. 3%, 25/30), type B (6. 6%, 2/30), type C (3. 3%, 1/30), type D (3. 3%, 1/30), and type E (3. 3%, 1/30). C onclusion All 30 carbapenem-resist皿t Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are multi-drug resistant; ERIC-PCR and MLST have the s皿e resolution in genotyping of Klebsiella pneumomae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agronomica Sinica is the property of Crop Science Society of China and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze tenofovir resistance and related gene mutations characteristics with different genotypes of chronic hepatitis B patients， and to analyze their relationship between HBV-DNA and HBeAg in patients with chronic hepatitis Bin Kunming. Methods A total of 2707 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from May 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The Sanger sequencing method was used to test the resistance and related gene mutations of the common nucleoside （acid） treatment of hepatitis B virus. The mutations of different HBV genotypes and tenofovir dipivoxil resistance loci were analyzed， and the relationship between the mutations of tenofovir dipivoxil resistance loci and HBV-DNA amount and HBeAg was analyzed. Results A total of 52 patients （1.92% ， 52/2707） were found with Tenofovir resistance mutation， with a mutation rate of 1.92%. Type C HBV genotype in the 52 patients accounted for 65.38% （34/52），and type Baccounted for34.62% （18/52） . Tenofovir resistance mutation sites were mainly concentrated in A194T，N236T and A181T/V. The rate of drug insensitivity was 1.92% （52/2707） . Single tenofovir resistance mutation sites were deceted. Among them，A181T/V site had the highest mutation rate （19.23%）， N236T site had the second highest mutation rate （15.38%） . Tenofovir resistance mutation sites were mainly concentrated in group with low and medium level of HBV-DNA. The most common tenofovir resistance mutation was found in A181T/V in HBeAg positive group. Conclusion The distribution of HBV genotypes and tenofovir resistance mutation in this region has independent characteristics. The difference of tenofovir resistance mutation rate was statistically significant in different HBV-DNA and HBeAg levels （ < 0.05） . The use of gene sequencing for the detection of genotypes and tenofovir resistance mutation sites in patients with chronic hepatitis B is accurate and effective， and can better guide the clinical use oftenofovir ， providing a powerful objective basis for clinical precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extraction of plant genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the basis for plant molecular experiments. However, as the number of plant samples increases, genomic DNA extraction becomes the rate-limiting step in molecular experiments such as the identification of plant genotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms detection. Regular DNA extraction is usually complicated and time-consuming and effort-consuming. To cope with these problems, we improve the conventional rapid plant genomic DNA extraction method from the aspects of extraction buffer and extraction conditions to further shorten the sample preparation time and simplify the extraction steps. After optimization, the preparation of each DNA sample takes less than 90 s, and adoption of 96 wells plates and related facilities significantly improve experimental throughput. This system has low requirements for the status of plant samples, and has high amplification efficiency at low cost. Besides, this system is suitable for a variety of plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana L., rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) for genomic DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, especially for genotyping experiments that require a large number of samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the Chinese Society of Animal Science is the property of Chinese Society of Animal Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To investigate the infection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in Yueyang among unpaid blood donors and reduce the risk of HCV transmission through blood. Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT) were used to detect the anti-HCV or HCV in blood samples of unpaid blood donors. Results Among 57015 unpaid blood donors in Yueyang area in 2020953 cases of anti-HCV were detected positive by ELISA, and one case of HCV infection "window period" was detected by NAT. There was no significant difference in the positive rate of the anti-HCV among unpaid blood donors of different blood types, gender and age (P>0. 05) b u t there was significant difference among the unpaid blood donors with different occupations (P<0. 05). Among the 53 anti-HCV positive samples,14 were positive and 39 were negative by NAT. Genotyping of the 14 HCV-positive samples was performed, including lb (six cases)92a (one case)93a (one case) and 6a (six cases). Conclusion There are differences in the HCV infection in the unpaid blood donors with different occupations in Yueyang, and the HCV types are diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the serological characteristics of ABO*A2.08 subtype and explore its genetic molecular mechanism., Methods: ABO blood group identification was performed on proband and her family members by routine serological methods. ABO genotyping and sequence analysis were performed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP), and direct sequencing of PCR products from exons 6 and 7 of ABO gene were directly sequenced and analyzed. The effect of gene mutation in A2.08 subtype on structural stability of GTA protein was investigated by homologous protein conserved analysis, 3D molecular modeling and protein stability prediction., Results: The proband's serological test results showed subtype Ax, and ABO genotyping confirmed that the proband's genotype was ABO*A207/08 . Gene sequencing of the proband's father confirmed the characteristic variation of c.539G>C in the 7 th exon of ABO gene, leading to the replacement of polypeptide chain p.Arg180Pro (R180P). 3D protein molecular modeling and analysis suggested that the number of hydrogen bonds of local amino acids in the protein structure was changed after the mutation, and protein stability prediction showed that the mutation had a great influence on the protein structure stability., Conclusion: The mutation of the 7 th exon c.539G>C of ABO gene leads to the substitution of polypeptide chain amino acid, which affects the structural stability of GTA protein and leads to the change of enzyme activity, resulting in the A2.08 phenotype. The mutated gene can be stably inherited.

BACKGROUND: Protrusion of intervertebral disc is a complex spinal disease, which is closely related to the degeneration of intervertebral disc. Candidate genes of aggregation proteoglycan metabolic pathway may be related to the severity of protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between single nucleotide variants and proteoglycan metabolic pathways in the severity of lumbar disc herniation in patients with chronic mechanical low back pain.METHODS: Sixty patients were classified and described. T2-weighted median sagittal lumbar MRI scans were used to assess the severity of disc herniation and degeneration. Single nucleotide variants genotyping of 20 exons of two candidate genes(proteoglycan, matrix metalloproteinase 3) of lectin metabolic pathway was performed. Age, sex, body mass index and the degree of intervertebral disc degeneration were analyzed by multiple linear regression. The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of People’s Hospital of Dingzhou on March 1, 2015(approval No. 2015002).RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mutants and haplotypes of rs2272023, rs938609, rs2882676, rs698621, rs3825994, rs1042630 and rs3817428 of proteoglycan are related to the severity of lumbar disc herniation. The single nucleotide variants and its haplotype of proteoglycan are related to the severity of lumbar disc herniation. To determine the role of these important single nucleotide variants in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc herniation, functional genetic studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To analyze the mutations and clinical significance of 10 genotypes associated with genotypes of HBV patients and HBV nucleoside(acid) analogues in Kunming. Methods A total of 2707 patients with chronic hepatitis B who were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Kunming from May 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled. The Sanger sequencing method was used to treat the common nucleoside(acid) treatment of hepatitis B virus. Gene mutation sites were detected and analyzed for mutation patterns of different resistance. Results Type C accounted for 62.4% of The HBV genotypes in Kunming，fwllowed by 37.3% of type B，and 3.4% of type D. In the 2707 cases ， drug resistance mutations were found in a total of 274 patients(10.1%)，with a mutation rate of 10.12%. Among them， 168 patients developed lamivudine-resistant mutations， and the mutation rate was (6.20%). Drug-resistant mutation sites were mainly concentrated in rtM204V/I and rtL180M， telbivudine (5.68%) and emtricitabine (5.91%) followed by adefovir (1.07%) and entecavir (2.10%). No drug-resistant strains were found in tenofovir，which had the highest sensitivity(99.66%). Conclusion The distribution of HBV genotypes in this region has independent characteristics. As the first-line nucleoside(acid) therapeutic drugs， tenofovir or entecavir， with its highly resistant barrier， has broad application prospects in the treatment of hepatitis B. The use of gene sequencing for the detection of genotypes and drug-resistant mutation sites in patients with chronic hepatitis B is accurate and effective， and can better guide the clinical drug use， providing a powerful objective basis for a precise clinic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forest Research is the property of Forest Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mycosystema is the property of Mycosystema Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Brewing is the property of China Brewing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)