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Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: At present, effective preventive and therapeutic measures for hypertrophic scar are still limited. In contrast, most of botanical herbs have few side effects and abundant sources, offering new ideas and approaches for the prevention and treatment for hypertrophic scar. OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential molecular mechanism of plant-derived β-sitosterol on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques and to initially verify it by cytological experiments. METHODS: Through the network pharmacology, the relevant database and software were used to screen the drug targets of β-sitosterol and obtain the hypertrophic scar-related disease targets. The potential (intersection) targets of β-sitosterol on hypertrophic scar were obtained. Cytoscape software and STRING database were used to construct the “drug-target-disease” network and protein-protein interaction network, and screen out the core targets in the protein-protein interaction network. Gene ontology (GO) biological function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of intersection targets were conducted through the DAVID database, and the signaling pathways and core target genes closely related to the intersection targets were further identified through literature analysis. AutoDock software was used to perform the molecular docking of β-sitosterol and core target proteins. In vitro cellular assays were used to verify the effects of β-sitosterol on proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution and mRNA expression of core target genes in human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 56 intersection targets of β-sitosterol and hypertrophic scar and 10 core targets were identified in the protein-protein interaction network, including tyrosine kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), cysteine protease 3 (CASP3), apolipoprotein E, estrogen receptor 1, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and catalase. Combined with the literatures and the functional analysis of the KEGG and GO, the MAPK signaling pathway was further identified to be closely related to the intersection targets, and MAPK3 (ERK1-MAPK), CASP3, P53 and tumor necrosis factor were identified as the core targets. The molecular docking results indicated that β-sitosterol was well bound to the core target proteins. Cellular assays showed that 100 μmol/L β-sitosterol inhibited hypertrophic scar fibroblast proliferation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and induced apoptosis (P < 0.01), increased the proportion of G1-phase cells and decreased the proportion of S-phase cells (P < 0.05), upregulated the mRNA expression of CASP3, P53 and tumor necrosis factor (P < 0.05), and downregulated the mRNA expression of MAPK3 (P < 0.001). To conclude, β-sitosterol may induce cell apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts by activating the tumor necrosis factor pathway and upregulating the expression of CASP3 and P53, while inhibiting the ERK-MAPK pathway to arrest cell cycle and thus reduce the proliferation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Naringin, a monomer compound of Traditional Chinese medicine, has anti-inflammatory and osteogenic effects, but its effect on the healing rate of tooth extraction wounds is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of naringin on the healing rate of tooth extraction wounds in rat models of osteoporosis. METHODS: Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n=14) and ovariectomized group (n=34). In the ovariectomized group, bilateral ovaries were removed to establish osteoporosis models. After 6 weeks, four rats in each group were randomly selected for MicroCT detection to confirm the modeling results. After successful modeling, the remaining rats were subject to tooth extraction and randomly divided into tooth extraction group (the remaining rats in the sham-operation group), control group, naringin group, and estradiol group, and the second molar of left maxillary was extracted. Naringin group was given naringin 300 mg/kg/d by gavage, estradiol group was given 17-β estradiol 20 μg/kg/d by subcutaneous injection, and tooth extraction group and control group were treated with the same volume of normal saline. After 4 weeks of intervention, the rat maxilla was separated for hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining, and MicroCT detection. The expressions of osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) at mRNA and protein levels in the bone tissue around the tooth extraction wounds were also detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 6 weeks of castration, the bone volume fraction of the ovariectomized group decreased, indicating that the modeling of osteoporosis was successful. Four weeks after tooth extraction, compared with the control group, the naringin group and estradiol group had smaller trabecular separation and less loss of alveolar bone height, indicating that naringin could promote bone healing of tooth extraction wounds. Compared with the control group, the expression level of osteoprotegerin and RANKL in bone tissues around tooth extraction was increased and decreased respectively in the naringin and estradiol groups, indicating that naringin could up-regulate osteoprotegerin expression and down-regulate RANKL expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective： To analyze the effective chemical components and their action targets of epimedium in the treatment of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis functional damage by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, and to preliminarily clarify its mechanism. Methods The effective chemical components and their corresponding target proteins of epimedium were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database and Analysis Platform combined with the relevant literatures, and the Uniprot Database was used to standardize the target protein informations to get the corresponding standard gene names; the relevant target genes of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis function damage were collected from the GeneCards Database and DisGeNET Database；the network of the relationship between the effective chemical components of the epimedium and their action targets was constructed by Cytascape 3.7.1 Software; the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagram of drug-disease of effective chemical components and target proteins of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis function damage was constructed by STRING Database. Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed by OmicShare Database；molecular simulation docking and visualization were done by Pymol Software and the Autodock Tools Software. Results A total of 27 effective chemical components and 217 corresponding action targets of epimedium, and 465 target genes of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis function damage were screened out, of which 62 target genes were closely related to the treatment of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis function damage by epimedium.Quercetin，luteolin，kaempferol, and icariin and so on were the key effective chemical components, and the key target proteins were Cysteine protease 3 containing cysteine (Caspase-3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), oligosaccharides (FOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF1A), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) ，recombinant prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), matric metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) ，and so on.The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis results showed that the common targets were mainly concentrated in the pathways related to immune inflammation, hormone regulation, and energy metabolism. The molecular docking results showed that the potential active components of epimedium had a good affinity with IL-6, PTGS2, aldose reductase (AR), and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) targets. Conclusion Epimedium may play a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal gland/gonad/thyroid gland axis function damage in the aspects of anti-inflammatory immunity, hormone regulation, and energy metabolism through multiple targets and pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy is the property of Editorial Office of Chinese Journal of Cancer Biotherapy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Estrogen receptor (ER) is overexpressed in approximately 2/3 of breast cancer patients' lesions. Noninvasive detection of ER in vivo and dynamic monitoring of ER are crucial for individualized treatment decision-making. 16α-18F-17β-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) positron emission tomography (PET) has been used in a variety of preclinical and clinical studies to detect ER expression. However, there is still a lack of technical specifications in China. This technical specification was jointly written by domestic experts who had experience of 18F-FES PET imaging and was formed through consultation based on their own experience and research progress in this field both domestically and internationally. This technical specification introduced the synthesis method and quality control requirements of 18F-FES, recommended its clinical application scenarios, and classified them. In addition, experts' suggestions were provided throughout the entire process systemically and detailly, including pre-imaging preparation, imaging process, image analysis (normal biological distribution, determination of ER positive and negative, lesion detection, influencing factors, false negative and false positive, report requirements), and the limitations of this imaging technique were proposed. The future application prospects were also discussed. This specification aimed to promote the standardized application of 18F-FES PET in China, achieve repeatability and comparability, and provide important molecular imaging technical support for accurate diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the active components and mechanism of Danbai granules in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory diseases. METHODS: CNKI, PubMed, traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform, GeneCards and other databases were retrieved to collect the corresponding targets and related targets of pelvic inflammatory disease. The intersection of chemical component targets and disease targets was analyzed using STRING database. The above analysis results were based on Cytoscape to construct the compositiontarget map and protein-protein interaction network map of Danbai granules. Cytoscape was used to draw the composition-target map and protein-protein interaction network map of Danbai granules. The gene ontology ( GO) function enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for intersection targets by using R language. The molecular docking was verified by AutoDockTools software. RESULTS: Totally 70 compounds and 377 compound targets, 240 compound and disease intersection targets in Danbai granules were obtained by screening. According to relevant parameters, the key targets of Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform (PIK3CA), sarcoma gene (SRC), tumor protein 53 (TP53), heat shock protein 90α (HSP90AA), protein kinase B1 (Akt1), mitogen activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), MAPK1, estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) further screened. Enrichment analysis showed that 186 KEGG pathways and 3 730 GO functional items were obtained. GO function entries contained 3 324 items related to biological processes, 166 items related to cell components, and 240 items related to molecular functions. Results of molecular docking verification showed that quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin and other compounds had strong binding ability with SRC, TP53, HSP90AA, Akt1, MAPK1, ESR1, EGFR, TNF-α and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: Danbai granules may act on key target genes such as TNF-α, IL-6 and EGFR through NF-κB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway to play its role in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of South China Fisheries Science is the property of South China Fisheries Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To discuss the effect of Huaier aqueous extract （HAE) on the proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis of tamoxifen （TAM) resistant breast cancer LCC2 cells, and to clarify its mechanism. Methods: The cells were divided into control group （given DMEM basal medium) and TAM group （given 2 μmol·L-1 TAM), TAM+HAE group （given 2 μmol·L-1 TAM+4 g·L-1 HAE) and 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 g·L-1 HAE groups. MTT method was used to detect the survival rates and the proliferation rates of the cells in various groups; cell scratch test was used to detect the migration rates of the cells in various groups; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the cells at different cell cycles and apoptotic rates of the cells in various groups; Transwell chamber test was used to detect the migration number of the cells in various groups; Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of estrogen receptor α（ER α) in each group, amplified in breast cancer 1（AIB1), and survivin proteins in the cells in various groups. Results: The MTT assay showed that after treated for 24 h, compared with 0 g·L-1 HAE group, the survival rates of the HAE cells in 4, 8, and 16 g·L-1 HAE groups were significantly decreased（P<0. 01). At 48 h after treatment, compared with 0 g·L-1 HAE group, the survival rates of the cells in 2, 4, 8, and 16 g·L-1 HAE groups were significantly decreased （P<0. 01); compared with 4 g·L-1 HAE group, the survival rate of the cells in 8 g·L-1 HAE groups was decreased（P<0. 05); compared with 24 h after treatment, the surival rates of the cells in different concentrations of HAE groups were significantly decreased （ P<0. 01 ) after treated for 48 h. At 48 treatment, compared with TAM and 4 g·L-1 HAE group, the proliferation rate of the cells in TAM+ HAE group was significantly decreased（P<0. 01). The cell scratch test results showed that the cell migration rate of the cells in 4 g·L-1 HAE group was lower than that in 0 g·L-1 HAE group after treated for 48 h （P<0. 05). The flow cytometry results showed that after treated for 48 h, compared with 0 g·L-1 HAE group, the percentage of the cells at S phase and the apoptotic rate of the cells in 4 g·L-1 HAE group were significantly increased （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01). The Transwell chamber experiment results showed that after treated for 48 h, compared with TAM group and 4 g·L-1 HAE group, the migration number of the cells in TAM+HAE group was significantly decreased （P<0. 01). The Western blotting results showed that compared with MCF-7 cells, the expression levels of ERα, AIB1, and survivin proteins in the LCC2 cells were increased （P<0. 05 or P<0. 01); at 48 h after treatment, compared with 0 g·L-1 HAE group, the expression levels of ERα, AIB1, and survivin proteins in the LCC2 cells in 2, 4, 8, and 16 g·L-1 HAE groups were significantly decreased （P<0. 01). Conclusion: HAE can inhibit the proliferation and migration, arrest the cell cycle at S phase, and promote the apoptosis of the LCC2 cells, and it can also restore the sensitivity of the LCC2 cells to TAM, and its mechanism may be related to down-regulation of the expression levels of ER α, AIB1, and survivin proteins in the LCC2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To probe into the active ingredients and possible mechanism of Jinteng Qingbi granules in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: The chemical ingredients and rheumatoid arthritis-related targets in Jinteng Qingbi granules were obtained through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform (TCMSP), DisGeNET, GeneCards and other databases. Intersection targets of the two were imported into the STRING database for analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to draw the protein interaction ( PPI) network map, the ingredients target network map of Jinteng Qingbi granules, and the drug-ingredient-target-pathway network map. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed on key targets by R software. Active ingredients in Jinteng Qingbi granules and the corresponding key targets were verified by molecular docking using AutoDockTools software. RESULTS: There were 153 compounds, 399 compound-related targets and 131 intersection targets in Jinteng Qingbi granules. Key targets such as protein kinase B1 (Akt1), cystatin protease 3 ( CASP3), epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR), interleukin 6 ( IL-6), sarcoma gene ( SRC), estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1), and amino-terminal protein kinase ( JUN) were screened according to network topology parameters. PPI network analysis yielded 151 KEGG pathways and 2 567 GO functional entries. Totally 2 294 items related to biological process, 119 items related to cellular component and 154 items related to molecular function were included in the GO items. Molecular docking results showed that quercetin, luteolin, beta-sitosterol, 3, 8- dihydroxyquinoline, paeoniflorin and other compounds had good binding activity to Akt1, CASP3, EGFR, IL-6, SRC, ESR1, HIF1 and JUN. CONCLUSIONS: Jinteng Qingbi granules in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is based on the multi-component and multi-target mechanism of action. This study provides a theoretical basis for the next step to verify the relevant mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification caused by dysregulation of methyltransferase-like factor 14 (METTL14) plays an important role in the progression of various cancers, and it is unclear whether it is involved in the endometrial cancer (EC) progression. This study aimed to investigate the role of aberrant m6A modification caused by dysregulation of METTL14 in EC invasion and metastasis. Methods: Ninety-six EC patients who underwent curative surgery in Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital from 2017 to 2021 were enrolled. RNA (70 pairs) or proteins (10 pairs) were isolated from frozen tissues for real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) or immunoblot analysis to assess METTL14 expression in EC. The expression of METTL14 and its correlation with clinicopathological features of EC were assessed. The biological effects of METTL14 in EC were determined in vitro and in vivo. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and following m6A dot blot, MeRIP-RTFQ-PCR, RIP-RTFQ-PCR or dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to screen and validate the candidate targets of METTL14. Results: The mRNA expression and protein levels of METTL14 were significantly downregulated in EC compared with matched adjacent tissues. Compared with the METTL14 high expression group, the METTL14 low expression group had a significant increase in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, infiltration depth, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node metastasis and the number of cases of tumor metastasis (P＜0.05). Functionally, METTL14 inhibited the proliferation and invasive capacity of EC cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, METTL14-mediated demethylation of m6A resulted in post-transcriptional repression of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Furthermore, compared with METTL14, ERα induced oncogenic behavior of tumors. Conclusion: METTL14 attenuates ERα expression in EC cells in a m6A-dependent manner, thereby inhibiting tumor metastasis and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triple-positive breast cancer (TPBC) refers to breast cancer with positive expression of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounting for 5%-10% of all pathological types of breast cancer. TPBC is a special subtype of Luminal B breast cancer, which can receive both endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. TPBC is a special subtype of Luminal B breast cancer, which can receive both endocrine therapy and targeted therapy. The current guidelines recommend that anti-HER2-targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy is the first choice for TPBC treatment. However, the pathological complete response rate of TPBC is lower than that of hormone receptor negative/HER2-positive breast cancer. Moreover, patients with estrogen receptor expression ＞30% benefit less from anti-HER2-targeted therapy combined with chemotherapy. With the advent of various anti-HER2 targeted drugs and the clinical application of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors, the combination of targeted therapy and endocrine therapy becomes possible for highly selected patients. This article reviewed the research progress of TPBC endocrine therapy combined with targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different levels of rumen bypass fat on serum hormone, apparent digestibility of nutrients and reproductive performance of Angus cows. A total of 40 Angus cows were randomly divided into four groups, with ten replicates in each group and one cow in each replicate. The cows in control group were fed with basic diet, the cows in group 1 were fed with basic diet + 100 g/(head·d) of rumen bypass fat, the cows in group 2 were fed with basic diet + 200 g/(head·d) of rumen bypass fat, and the cows in group 3 were fed with basic diet + 300 g/(head·d) of rumen bypass fat. The test period was 60 d. The results showed that compared with control group, the content of serum insulin, bovine insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4, follicle stimulating hormone, progesterone and estradiol of cows in group 2 and group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the crude protein and neutral detergent fiber apparent digestibility of cows in group 2 and group 3 were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the crude fat apparent digestibility of cows in each test group was significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with control group, the first oestrus time of cows in group 2 and group 3 was significantly decreased (P<0.05), the first mating days of cows in each test group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the pregnancy rate was significantly increased (P<0.05). The study indicates that the use of 200 g/(head·d) and 400 g/(head·d) rumen bypass fat in cow production can promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, improve reproductive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the difference between the positive and negative immunohistochemical markers in the morphological features of contrast-enhanced spectral mammography (CESM), and analyze its clinical significance. Methods 88 patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer underwent CESM and immunohistochemical marker detection including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermis growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) and cell proliferation antigen markers (Ki-67). The morphological features of lesions on CESM including the size, margin, morphology, microcalcification, and degree of contrast enhancement were retrospectively analyzed. Correlation analysis with immunohistochemical markers was performed. Results The 88 lesions were invasive carcinoma (64), intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (10), invasive carcinoma with intraductal carcinoma-in-situ (10), invasive carcinoma with papillary carcinoma (2), and intraductal carcinoma with papillary carcinoma (2) . The positive rates of immunohistochemical markers were 61.36% ER+, 50.00% PR+, 70.45% HER-2+, and 84.09% Ki-67+. There was significant correlation between tumor size and Ki-67positive expression (P=0.003) ; morphology and PR (P=0.031) and HER-2 (P=0.001) positive expressions; microcalcification and Ki-67positive expression (P=0.009) ; “burr sign” and ER positive expression (P=0.020) ; the degree of enhancement and HER-2 (P=0.014) and Ki-67 (P=0.030) positive expression. Conclusion Morphological characteristics of CESM correlate with immunohistochemical markers and are valuable in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant tumors are the leading causes of death from chronic non-communicable diseases and the most important factors influencing life expectancy in recent year, with poor treatment response and poor prognosis. Metformin, the preferred hypoglycemic drug for diabetes mellitus type 2, has been recognized by more and more peers for its anti-tumor effect. However, there is no independent clinical guideline, consensus and large prospective clinical trial at home and abroad. This expert guideline aimed to provide clinical practice reference for the application of metformin in anti-tumor treatment. This expert consensus recommends that metformin, used in combination for most malignancies with diabetes mellitus type 2, can assist in anti-tumor effect and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity, and reduce the morbidity and mortality of multiple malignancies. Metformin is not recommended or opposed for a small number of malignancies complicated with diabetes mellitus type 2, such as estrogen receptor (ER)-negative or triple-negative breast cancer. Metformin is not recommended for most malignant tumors without diabetes, such as lung cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. However, metformin can be used with informed consent in a very small number of malignancies without diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: To explore the multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of Danggui Shaoyao powder in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD). METHODS: The effective components, action targets and disease targets of Danggui Shaoyao powder were screened by searching the public databases, and the drug component target genes and disease target genes were obtained by R software. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of target proteins was constructed by STRING database. The network topology attribute analysis software Cytoscape 3. 8. 0 was used to construct the active component-target network diagram. Biological information annotation database (DAVID) was used for enrichment analysis of target gene ontology (GO) biological processes and metabolic pathways in Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG). The first few key targets with high degree of PPI network were selected for molecular docking with the corresponding active components. RESULTS: According to the network pharmacology results, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, myricanone, stigmasterol, et al are the main effective components of Danggui Shaoyao Powder, which participated in the biological process of MAPK signaling pathway, Calcium signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, et al by regulating prostaglandin lead oxide synthase within 2 (PTGS2), estrogen receptor 1 ( ESR1 ), protein kinase B1 ( Akt1 ), aryl hydrocarbon receptor ( AHR) and progesterone receptor (PGR), and other key genes, so as to play a role in relieving dysmenorrhea. Molecular docking results showed that kaempferol interacted with PTGS2 and showed the stable state after binding. CONCLUSIONS: This study preliminarily clarified the main targets and pathways of Danggui Shaoyao powder in the treatment of PD, and provided a certain reference for subsequent in-depth research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine is the property of Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the latest data released by the Cancer Research Institute of the World Health Organization, breast cancer has replaced lung cancer as the malignant tumor with the highest incidence rate in the world. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by a lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Compared with other types of breast cancer, TNBC bears the characteristics of high metastasis rate, strong invasiveness and poor prognosis. TNBC is not sensitive to endocrine therapy and anti-HER2 therapy, and chemotherapy is its main systemic treatment. With the vigorous development of genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, microbiomics technologies and the in-depth study of TNBC molecular subtyping, targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) antibody-drug conjugate, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab, etc., have provided new therapeutic methods, which are changing the clinical practice and treatment pattern of TNBC. It is believed accurate therapy will become a new direction of development in the future. Based on the molecular subtypes of TNBC, here we summarized the research advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of TNBC, in order to provide reference for the precise treatment strategy of TNBC in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the application value of estrogen receptor (ER) and cox-2 (cox-2) in the diagnosis and diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Methods: Paraffin embedded ovarian tissue sections of 120 patients diagnosed by pathology and operation were selected, including 54 cases of ovarian cancer and 66 cases of benign ovarian tumors. The expression of ER and cox-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: The positive expression rates of ER and cox-2 in ovarian cancer tissues were higher than those in benign ovarian cancer tissues (P<0.05). Ⅳ period ER positive expression rate was higher in ovarian cancer tissue Ⅰ period (P<0.05), compared with the rest of the groups were no difference(P>0.05). There were no difference in the cox-2 positive expression rate between groups (P>0.05). Cox-2 positive expression in Ⅱ ovarian cancer tissue level rate was higher than the level Ⅰ (P<0.05), while the rest of the way were no difference (P>0.05). ER positive expression rate in tissues with metastatic ovarian cancer was higher than that without metastasis (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of cox-2 in the tissues with metastatic ovarian cancer was not difference compared with that without metastasis (P>0.05); The expression of ER and COX-2 in ovarian cancer with metastasis and immunohistochemical score (IHS) were higher than those without metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of ER and COX-2 in ovarian cancer tissue and benign ovarian tumor tissue was gradually up-regulated, and the expression of ER and COX-2 in ovarian cancer tissue was higher than that in benign ovarian tumor tissue. ER expression is correlated with pathological stage and metastasis of ovarian cancer, and COX-2 expression is correlated with histological grade of ovarian cancer. The prediction of ovarian cancer disease and COX-2 expression are complementary, which can be used as biological indicators to judge and evaluate the degree of malignancy of ovarian cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) instead of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is an effective clinical strategy for estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients, which can reduce tumor stage, achieve breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer and reduce the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. This article aimed to review the latest research progress in several aeras: patient selection for NET, comparison of efficacy of NET, duration of NET, comparison and combined use of NET and NCT, NET combined with targeted therapy, window of opportunity trials, efficacy evaluation indicators and adjuvant therapy decision after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that Guyuling capsule is effective in the treatment of osteoporosis, but the mechanism is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To screen out the active components acting on osteoporosis-related target proteins in Guyuling capsule by molecular docking technique in bioinformatics. METHODS: The chemical components of Guyuling capsule were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform database (TCMSP) and traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive database (TCMID). The screening conditions were bioavailability ≥ 20% and drug likeness ≥ 0.18. The target protein library related to osteoporosis was constructed according to the literature and database. Drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) prediction and molecular docking were carried out by Discovery Studio 2016 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1)In total 130 potential active components with good bioavailability of Guyuling capsule were screened and downloaded from traditional Chinese medicine database. Sixty-three active components with good absorption and low toxicity were screened by ADMET prediction function of Discovery Studio 2016, such as L-α-glycerol palmitate, sesamin and so on. (2)By consulting the literature and database, 17 membrane protein receptors were selected, such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase, and glycogen synthase kinase-3, which are definitely related to osteoporosis. It is mainly related to mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway and bone morphogenetic protein signal pathway, which may promote bone formation by regulating the growth and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. (3)The results of molecular docking showed high docking scores between Sudihydrodehydropineol, (23E)-20, 25-dihydrodama-23-en-3-one, L-α-glycerol palmitate, sesamin, (24S)-20, 24-epoxy-25-hydroxydama resin-3-one and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase, glycogen synthase kinase-3 and other membrane proteins. Osteoporosis may be treated by mainly regulating mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. (4)The above results confirm that the active components of Guyuling capsule, such as Su-typedihydrodehydropineol, (23E)-20, 25-dihydroxydama-23-en-3-one, L-α-glycerol palmitate, sesamin, (24S)-20, 24-epoxy-25-hydroxydama resin-3-one, may bind to membrane proteins such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, protein kinase and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta to regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase, bone morphogenetic protein, Wnt, estrogen receptor and other signal pathways, and then play the therapeutic efficacy on osteoporosis, thereby providing big data analysis basis and ideas for further experimental research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Micro-arc oxidation technology has been used to improve the osseointegration of titanium implants. A variety of porous coatings containing different active elements are constructed on the surface of titanium. In recent years, studies have found that salidroside has good bone-promoting activity. Polydopamine, as an excellent binder on the surface of the material and a carrier for secondary adsorption, has the characteristics of loading active molecules. OBJECTIVE: To further improve the bone-promoting ability of the micro-arc oxidation coating on the titanium surface, a composite coating with excellent osseointegration was constructed on the porous surface. METHODS: The micro-arc oxidation coating was made on the surface of pure titanium, which was marked as MAO group, and the polydopamine coating was further prepared on the surface of micro-arc oxidation coating, which was marked as PDA group. Salidroside (1, 2, 4 g/L) was loaded on the surface of polydopamine coating, which was divided into Sal-1 group, Sal-2 group and Sal-4 group. The micro-morphology, surface element content and distribution of each coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. The proliferation activity of cells on the surface of each group was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and fluorescence staining, and the abilities of bone differentiation and mineralization were observed by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. The potential bone-promoting targets of salidroside were predicted by computer molecular docking technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscope showed that the surface of the five groups of specimens had porous micron morphology and the average pore diameter was similar, and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer analysis showed that salidroside could be loaded on the surface of micro-arc oxidation coating by polydopamine carrier. (2) CCK-8 experiment showed that the survival rate of MC3T3-E1 cells in Sal-2 group and Sal-4 group was higher than that in MAO group on the 3rd and 5th days of culture (P < 0.05). Fluorescence staining showed that there were significant differences in MC3T3-E1 morphology among the five groups, and compared with MAO group, Sal-2 group and Sal-4 group had better cell morphology, larger cell spreading area and better connection with neighboring cells. (3) The activity of alkaline phosphatase in Sal-2 group and Sal-4 group was higher than that in MAO group on the 4th and 7th days (P < 0.05). Alizarin red staining showed that calcium nodules appeared in all groups on the 21st day, especially in Sal-2 group and Sal-4 group. (4) Computer molecular docking results show that extracellular regulated protein kinases 2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3, estrogen receptor β, and progesterone receptor may be the more active targets for salidroside to promote bone formation. (5) The results showed that salidroside was loaded on the surface of titanium micro-arc oxidation coating by polydopamine, and the bone-promoting activity of micro-arc oxidation coating was improved by proper amount of salidroside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Asian Journals of Ecotoxicology is the property of Gai Kan Bian Wei Hui and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To investigate the effects of selective estrogen receptor beta (ER茁) agonists on progesterone receptor and insulin-like growth factor-1 in a mouse model of adenomyosis. Methods: Adenomyosis mice (n=30) were equally randomly divided in to three groups-model group, gestrinone group and selective ERβ agonist group. In the model group, 0.4 mL/20 g body weight were given daily with distilled water, the gestrinone group were given 0.008 mg/20 g body weight with gestrinone aqueous solution every day, and the selective ERβ agonist group were given WAY-32255 aqueous solution at 0.008 mg/day 20 g body weight, continuous oral administration for 14 days. Results The weight of mice in the gestrinone group and the selective ERβ agonist group were higher than that of the model group on the 7th and 14th day (P<0.05), and the selective ERβ agonist group were higher than that of the gestrinone group (P<0.05).The uterine pathological scores of the gestrinone group and the selective ERβ agonist group were lower than the model group on the 7thand 14th day of treatment (P<0.05), and the selective ERβ agonist group were lower than the gestrinone group (P<0.05). The levels of serum progesterone receptor (PR) and insulin like growth factor (IGF)-1 in the gestrinone group and the selective ER茁 agonist group on the 7th and 14th day of treatment were lower than those of the model group(P<0.05), the selective ER茁 agonist group were lower than the gestrinone group(P<0.05). The relative expression levels of RhoA and ROCK protein in the uterus on the 7th and 14th day of treatment in the gestrinone group and the selective ERβ agonist group were lower than the model group(P<0.05), and the selective ERβ agonist group were lower than the gestrinone group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of selective ERβ agonists to adenomyosis model mice can inhibit the release of serum PR and IGF-1, reduce the expression of RhoA and ROCK proteins, thereby improving the pathological conditions of the uterus and increasing the weight of the mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dynamic enhancement of magnetic resonance, miR-27, miR-155 expression and breast cancer. One hundred breast cancer patients were selected as the observation group, and another 60 patients with benign breast lesions were selected as the control group. This study compared the two groups7 DCE-MRI quantitative parameters [transport constant (Ktrans), rate constant (Kep), extravascular intercellular space fraction (Ve)] and the expression of miR-27 and miR-155, and then performed correlation analysis to evaluate its diagnostic power. The expression levels of Ktrans, Kep, miR-27 and miR-155 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The expression levels of Ktrans and Kep in breast cancer patients were significantly positively correlated with the expression levels of miR-27 and miR-155 (P<0.05). Ktrans, Kep, miR-27 and miR-155 were independent influencing factors of breast cancer (P<0.05). The expression of KtranS, Kep, miR-27, miR-155 is related to histological grade, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, progesterone and estrogen receptor expression (P<0.05). The AUC of the combined diagnosis of breast cancer by DCE-MRI quantitative parameters, miR-27, miR-155 expression is 0.905. DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (Ktrans, Kep) and the expression levels of miR-27 and miR-155 were up-regulated in breast cancer, and were related to pathological features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Studies have confirmed that icariin can promote osteogenesis and prevent and treat steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH). Understanding the drug-target-pathway regulation mechanism will be crucial for the effective treatment of SANFH. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of icariin in the prevention and treatment of SANFH based on the mechanism by which icariin regulates osteogenesis through Wnt, PI3K/AKT, mTOR and estrogen signaling pathways, in order to provide ideas and reference for the effective prevention and treatment of SANFH. METHODS: Relevant literatures published from 2014 to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases, using the keywords of “icariin, glucocorticoid, ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, signaling pathways, pathogenesis, Wnt, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, mTOR, ERs.” The old and repeated literatures were excluded, and a total of 56 literatures were finally included for analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Icariin can promote bone metabolism and improve blood circulation, and its mechanism of action in the treatment of SANFH has become the focus of research. Icariin can regulate Wnt, PI3K/AKT, mTOR, estrogen receptor and other related signaling pathways to play an osteogenic role in the treatment of SANFH. Icariin has a regulatory effect on the signaling pathways related to SANFH. However, relevant experimental studies have not yet been able to specify its mechanism of action, and there are also few relevant clinical studies. Therefore, explorations on icariin’s mechanism of action and its clinical application will be the focus and direction of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the relationship between depression, lifestyle and estrogen receptor in elderly patients with hypertension α The correlation between the expression level and the expression level. Methods: 82 elderly patients with hypertension who were admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into the observation group. In addition, 82 healthy people who were admitted to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected and divided into the control group. The relevant indicators were detected and the correlation analysis was conducted. Results: There was no significant difference in gender, age and regular nap between the observation group and the control group(P>0.05). BMI, fasting blood glucose, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, greasy food, salted vegetables or heavy taste, HAMD score, SDS score and ER score of the two groups were compared α There was significant difference in mRNA expression (P<0.05); Logistic regression analysis showed that: BMI, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, preference for pickles or heavy taste, SDS score and ER α The mRNA expression level was an independent risk factor for hypertension (P<0.05); Er of patients with different degree of physical exercise α There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression level (P>0.05). The Er of the patients with different smoking, drinking level, preference for pickles or heavy taste and SDS score level was significantly higher than that of the control group α There was significant difference in mRNA expression (P<0.05); Spearman correlation analysis showed that: physical exercise and estrogen receptor α There was no significant correlation (P>0.05). Smoking, drinking, liking pickles or heavy taste were associated with estrogen receptor α SDS score was negatively correlated with ER(P<0.05) α Positive correlation (P<0.05). Conclusions: BMI, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, preference for pickles or heavy taste, SDS score and ER α The level of mRNA expression is an independent risk factor for hypertension, in which depression, smoking, drinking, eating pickles or heavy taste and other living habits are closely related to estrogen receptor α The expression level of estrogen receptor was significantly correlated with that of estrogen receptor α Patients with significantly lower expression level should improve their living habits, control their depression and improve their blood pressure control level through relevant measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of West China Journal of Stomatology is the property of Sichuan University, West China College of Stomatology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Curcumin is a plant polyphenol extracted from turmeric, which can be used to treat knee osteoarthritis. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: Based on bioinformatics and network pharmacology, to explore the molecular mechanism of curcumin in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, thereby providing a new research direction for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: Curcumin-related targets were analyzed by TCMSP database, STITCH database, Drugbank database, SEA database, SwissTargetPrediction database and Binding DB database. Differentially expressed genes were obtained by GEO2R analysis combined with curcumin-related chips in GEO database. TTD, OMIM, DisGeNET, Drugbank, and GeneCards were used to obtain the disease targets related to knee osteoarthritis and identify the curcumin-knee osteoarthritis common targets and the key targets by setting the degree value. STRING database was used to construct the protein-protein interaction relationship of common targets, and R language was used to analyze gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of common genes. IGEMDOCK software was used to perform molecular docking analysis on the key targets. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 339 curcumin-related targets were obtained by searching the above-mentioned drug databases; a chip with the curcumin-related sequence number GSE10896 was determined by searching the GEO database, and 397 differential genes were screened out. A total of 1 903 disease-related targets were obtained by searching the above-mentioned disease databases, and the typical targets included AKT1, NFKB1, RELA, and IKBKB. The protein-protein interaction network diagram of 129 common targets was constructed by using the STRING database. The gene ontology analysis showed that the biological process of curcumin treatment of knee osteoarthritis mainly covered DNA-binding transcription factor, DNA binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II specificity, endopeptidase activity, protein serine/threonine kinase activity, nuclear receptor activity, ligand activated transcription factor activity, metal peptidase activity, and phosphatase binding. The mainly signal pathways were the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling pathways. The molecular docking analysis revealed that the key targets such as insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, estrogen receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, and CYP19A1 had a good affinity with the target proteins. To conclude, there were eight key targets involved in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with curcumin, including MAPK3, epidermal growth factor receptor, estrogen receptor 1, MDM2, CYP19A1, MAPK14, estrogen receptor, and insulin-like growth factor 1. These targets inhibit inflammation and chondrocyte apoptosis through PI3K-Akt, MAPK, interleukin-17, tumor necrosis factor, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 signaling pathways for treating knee osteoarthritis with curcumin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), Progesterone receptor (PR), and C-myc. Methods: The CT and MRI data of 74 patients with PTC diagnosed in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical pathological results were taken as the gold standard. The imaging features of CT and MRI were analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the expression of ER, PR and C-myc. Spearman rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between CT and MRI imaging features and the expression levels of ER, PR and C-myc. Results: CT and MRI in PTC patients were mainly characterized by mixed density/signal, and most lesions were irregular in shape. When the lesions broke through the outer edge of thyroid capsule, the lesions presented cake bite sign change, invaded surrounding tissues, and fine granular calcification in the lesions indicated a high degree of malignancy, and the patients had more cervical lymph node metastasis in the early stage. The positive expressions of ER, PR and C-myc were 51(68.92%), 44(59.46%) and 64(86.49%), respectively. The positive expression of C-myc was related to the PTC tumor diameter, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); The positive expressions of ER, PR and C-myc were correlated with PTC morphology, bite cake sign and lymph node metastasis, and the difference were all statistically significant(P<0.05); The positive expression of ER and C-myc was related to the PTC boundary, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The positive expression of ER was related to the reduction/blurring of focus after enhancement, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); The positive expression of ER, PR and C-myc had no correlation with other CT and MRI features, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a positive correlation between bite cake sign and the expression of PR and C-myc (P<0.05), and lymph node metastasis was positively correlated with the expression of ER, PR and C-myc (P<0.05). Conclusion: CT and MRI imaging signs can be used to assess the biological behavior of tumor cells in PTC patients to a certain extent, which can indirectly reflect the degree of tumor differentiation and invasion, and provide objective basis for guiding clinical com- prehensive treatment and evaluating the prognosis of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Wuling power has an effective effect in the clinical treatment of knee arthritis, but its pharmacological effects, but its molecular mechanisms and drug active components are not yet clear. OBJECTIVE: Based on the network pharmacology method, the potential molecular mechanism of Wuling powder in the treatment of osteoarthritis was explored, and the role of these molecules and related signaling pathways was elaborated, providing a theoretical basis for further extraction of key drug compounds. METHODS: TCMSP was used to screen the active components and corresponding targets of Wuling powder, and Gene Cards, OMIM and DigSee disease databases were integrated to obtain the related targets of osteoarthritis. The potential targets of Wuling powder in the treatment of osteoarthritis were obtained by mapping and intersection on the Venny platform. The network of “single drug-active component-interaction target” and protein-protein interaction network of Wuling powder in the treatment of osteoarthritis were constructed by using the software of Cytoscape, and the functional enrichment analysis of GO and the enrichment analysis of KEGG pathway of Wuling powder in the treatment of osteoarthritis were carried out by using David database. Finally, the key active components and key targets of Wuling powder were verified through molecular docking by using PyMOL and other software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 52 active ingredients including β-sitosterol, catechin and taxifolin were screened. The protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that there were 26 key targets of Wuling powder in the treatment of osteoarthritis, including estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1), which can promote the proliferation of chondrocytes and inhibit the expression of related inflammatory cytokines, tumor protein p53 (tumor protein), which is involved in the inflammatory reaction of osteoarthritis p53, and ubiquitin ligase CUL3 (cullin3) that mediates apoptosis. The results of molecular docking showed that catechin with the lowest affinity and NTRK1 had a good molecular docking, indicating that the predicted key active components of Wuling powder have a good binding activity with the key targets of osteoarthritis treatment. There were 709 GO items in total, including 649 biological processes, 22 cell components and 38 molecular functions, which are mainly involved in the response to estrogen, inflammation and lipopolysaccharide. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the related pathways of key protein modules included AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway, which are involved in the process of oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis of chondrocytes. The results showed that the active compounds β-sitosterol, catechin, taxifolin and hederagenin in Wuling powder could regulate relevant signaling pathways by regulating the expression of ESR1, TP53, CUL3 and MCM2 related protein targets, which can slow down the apoptosis of chondrocytes, strengthen the proliferation and repair of chondrocytes, and reduce the inflammatory response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To study the expressions of telomerase gene RNA(hTR), estrogen receptor (ER),C erbB 2 gene and CyclinBl genes in human breast cancer tissue and their clinical significance and correlation. Methods The expression levels of hTR,ER, C erbB 2 and CyclinBl in 70 cases of breast cancer treated by breast cancer radical operation in the Zhanjiang Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University during 2012-2013 were detected by adopting the in situ hybridization method and im munohistochemical streptomyces antibiotinin protein peroxidase conjugated method. Results The hTR expression level had statistical difference among the patients with different tumor sizes, lymph node metastasis, different his tological grades (P < 0. 05); the hTR expression positive rate had no statistical difference among the patients with different pathological types(P>0. 05). The ER, C erbB 2 and CyclinBl expression positive rate had statistical differences between the patients with lymph node metastas is and the patients without lymph node metastasis (P<0. 05). The Cyclin Bl expression positive rate had s tatistical difference among the patients with different histological grades and different tumor sizes(P<0. 05). The ER, EerbB 2 expression positive rates had no statistical differences among the patients with different pathological types, different tumor sizes and different histological grades (P>0. 05 ). ER was negatively correlated with lymph node metastas is (r = - 0. 329, P 0. 05), and had the positive correlation with the expression levels of C erbB 2 and CyclinBl (r = 0. 43 9, 0. 35 4, P < 0. 05). Conclusion The hTR expression level has significant correlation with the expression levels of C erbB 2 and CyclinBl. The combination detection of hTR, C erbB 2 and CyclinBl expression levels in breast cancer tissue has the important significance for the clinical diagnos is and treatment of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the value of 3.0T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesions and the correlation between ADC value and prognostic factors under better b value. Methods: Fom November 2017 to November 2019, 50 patients with breast lesions to be treated in our hospital were selected for the study. The patients were divided into 40 cases in the malignant group and 10 cases in the benign group according to the difference between benign and malignant. Another 50 healthy volunteers of the same period were taken as control group. Diffusion-weighted 3.0T magnetic resonance imaging was performed on all subjects. The ADC values in different breast tissues with different b values were compared. The efficacy of different b values in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions were compared. The correlation between ADC value and prognostic factors in breast cancer patients with better b value were analyzed. Results: ADC values of the control group, the benign group and the malignant group showed a gradually decreasing trend under different b values (P<0.05). ADC values in the control group, the benign group and the malignant group in the b value of 1000 s/mm² were all lower than those when the b value of 600 s/mm² (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosing malignant breast lesions with b value of 1000 s/mm² were 92.50%, 100.00% and 94.00%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that with b value of 600 s/mm² of 70.00%, 60.00% and 68.00%(P<0.05). ADC values of estrogen receptor and progesterone positive patients with a b value of 1000 s/mm² were lower than those of negative patients, while ADC values of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive patients were higher than those of negative patients (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that ADC value at b value of 1000 s/mm² was negatively correlated with positive expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor, while positively correlated with positive expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (P<0.05). Conclusion: 3.0T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is of high value in the identification of benign and malignant breast lesions, and b value of 1000 s/mm² is of better diagnostic efficiency. In addition, ADC value under b value is closely related to the expression state of some prognostic factors in breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the role of estrogen receptor in epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods: Estrogen receptor antagonists were used to inhibit estrogen receptor in A549 cell line, and then estrogen of 1× 10-8 mol/L concentration was used to stimulate the cell lines before and after inhibition. The expression of EMT markers in each group was detected by q-RT-PCR and Western blot, and the cell migration rate of each group was detected by Transwell, and the statistical difference between each group was calculated. Results: The mRNA expression of vimentin in estrogen group was 5.81± 0.71, which was significantly higher than that in blank control group. The mRNA expression of E-cadherin in estrogen group was 0.43± 0.07, which was significantly lower than that in blank control group. The number of cell migration in estrogen group was 80.17± 8.82, which was significantly higher than that incontrol group. The mRNA expression of vimentin were 7.63± 0.92 and 6.29± 0.73 before and after treatment with MPP, which were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05); the mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin were 0.39± 0.05 and 0.42± 0.06, which were significantly lower than those in the control group; the number of cell migration were 85.21± 11.56 and 78.69± 9.63 before and after treatment with MPP, which were significantly higher than that of the control group, and there was statistical difference between the two groups. The mRNA expression of vimentin was 1.21± 0.15 and 1.17± 0.13, the mRNA expression of E-cadherin was 0.86± 0.12 and 0.93± 0.11, and the number of cell migration was 39.85± 5.22 and 37.21 ± 4.95 in estrogen plus PHTPP group and estrogen plus MPP and PHTPP group respectively which were no significant difference with control group. The trend of EMT marker protein expression and mRNA expression in each group was the same. Conclusion: Estrogen receptor β is an important target for estrogen to promote the EMT process of A549 cell line. It plays an important role in the carcinogenesis and development of lung adenocarcinoma, and can be used as the research direction of further targeted therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the expression and clinical significance of of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in patients with acne breast carbuncle, and analyze their correlation with inflammatory factors. Methods: The expression of ER and PR in the breast lesions was detected by immunohistochemistry in 80 cases of acne breast carbuncle admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018, and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorption (ELISA) to analyze the correlation between the expression of ER and PR in the breast lesions and serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels. Results: Compared with mastitis group and mammary dilatation group, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in the granuloma group and abscess group were significantly increased, and compared with the granuloma group, the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in abscess group were also significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α between mastitis group and mammary expansion group (P>0.05). The expression levels of ER and PR in the mastitis group, mammary dilatation group, granuloma group and abscess group were successively reduced (P<0.05). The expression of ER and PR were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, but showed no significant correlation with the serum TNF-α level in the mastitis group and the mammary dilatation group (P>0.05). The ER and PR expression in granuloma group and abscess group were significantly negatively correlated with the serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α (P<0.05). Conclusion: Acne breast carbuncle has low or loss expression of ER and PR, which were significantly correlated with the inflammatory factors and severity of disease [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic value of Kallistatin expression in breast cancer. Methods: The wax mass and clinical data of breast cancer archives were collected and divided into primary non-lymph node metastasis (NMBT), primary lymph node metastasis (PBT) and matched lymph node metastasis (PMLN). The expression of Kallistatin was detected by immunohistochemical technique and analyzed statistically. Results: The results showed that the expression of kallistatin in primary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in primary lymph node metastasis without lymph node metastasis and matched lymph node metastasis. The expression of kallistatin was significantly correlated with histological type (P=0.003), lymph node status (P< 0.001), clinical stage (P=0.002), estrogen receptor (ER) expression (P=0.046). The positive expression rate of kallistatin in invasive lobular carcinoma was higher than that in invasive ductal carcinoma. The positive expression rate of kallistatin in breast cancer with lymph node metastasis was significantly higher than that in breast cancer without lymph node metastasis. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the positive expression of kallistatin was a risk factor for short disease-free survival (P=0.008) and short overall survival (P=0.006) in breast cancer patients. In patients with invasive ductal breast cancer, the positive expression of kallistatin was associated with short survival time (P=0.026). It was also related to the short survival time of ER positive patients (P=0.010). Conclusion: The expression of Kallistatin in breast cancer has more complicated clinicopathological significance, and its expression suggests poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer, of which approximately 85% are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the most prevalent cancers and the most leading cause of cancer mortality. Despite recent improvements in its treatment, the prognosis remains dismal. Previous studies have clearly proved that estrogen and estrogen receptors (ER) are involve in the pathogenesis and development of lung cancer. More and more evidences showed antiestrogen therapy may reverse the drug-resistance of platinum based chemotherapy in NSCLC patients and can enhance curative effect of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We will review recent progress in the function of estrogen in NSCLC and the treatment based on the ER signaling pathways for NSCLC in this article.

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Objective: To study the expression profiles of transcription factor KLF4 in letrozole-resistant breast cancer (BCa) tissues and in experimentally-induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells and to characterize the potential functions and underlying mechanisms of this key transcription factor during the pathogenesis of letrozole resistance. Methods: The expression profiles of KLF4 in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and in experimentally-induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells were evaluated using RT-qPC'R. Western blotting and im-munohistochemistiy. The effects of the overexpression of exogenous KLF4 on cell viability and apoptosis were determined using MTT assay and apoptotic ELISA. Finally, the potential transcriptional regulation of ESR1 gene (encoding estrogen receptor alpha. ER-α ) by KLF4 was assessed using luciferase reporter assay. Results: Expression of KLF4 transcriptional factor was significantly induced in letrozole-resistant BCa tissues and in experimentally-induced letrozole-resistant BCa cells (P<0.05). Treatment with 10-5 M of letrozole significantly inhibited cell proliferation, and resulted in an increased apoptosis in BCa cells. This cytotoxicity of letrozole was noticeably reversed by overexpression of the exogenous KLF4 (P<0.05). with cell viability even restoring to the normal level. The luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that stimulation with the exogenous estrogen E2 notably stimulated the relative luciferase activity’ of GLucON™-ESR1 reporter, and this stimulatory effects were substantially compromised by challenges with 1 O-5 M of letrozole. By contrast, ectopic expression of the exogenous KLF4 further enhanced the inhibitory effects of letrozole on GLucON™-ESRl activity (P<0.01). Conclusion: KLF4 may suppress the expression and activity’ of ER-α at the transcriptional level. KLF4 inhibition of ESR1 transcription may therefore participate in the the pathogenesis of letrozole resistance in BCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the correlation between the ultrasonic signs of breast cancer and the expression of estrogen receptor(ER), progesterone receptor(PR), catenin p120, oncogene CerbB-2 and proto oncogene Her-2/neu. Methods: 50 patients with breast cancer who were treated in our hospital from October 2014 to October 2017 were included in this study. Complete breast ultrasound image data of patients were obtained before operation, and the expression of ER, PR, CerbB-2, Her-2/neu and p120 was detected by immunohistochemistry after operation. The results of ultrasonic examination and tissue specimen examination were recorded.The expression situation of ER, PR, CerbB-2, Her-2/neu, p120 were compared. Results: The negative expression rate of p120 was62.00%, the positive expression rate of ER was 50.00%, the positive expression rate of PR was 36.00%, the positive expression rate of CerbB-2 was 74.00%, and the positive expression rate of Her-2/neu was 30.00%. The positive expression rate of ER in patients with marginal burrs sign around the edge of lesions, peripheral hyperechoic signs and without lymph node metastases was higher than that without marginal burrs sign around the edge of lesions, without peripheral hyperechoic signs and having lymph node metastases(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of PR in patients with marginal burrs sign around the lesion and high echo halo sign around the lesion was higher than that without marginal burrs sign around the lesion and without high echo halo sign around the lesion(P<0.05). The negative expression rate of p120 in patients with internal micro calcification, blood flow imaging grade 2-3 and lymph node metastasis was higher than that without internal micro calcification,without blood flow imaging grade 0-1 and without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The expression rate of CerbB-2 in patients with internal micro calcification, blood flow imaging grade 2-3 and lymph node metastasis was higher than that without internal micro calcification, without blood flow imaging grade 0-1 and without lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The positive expression rate of Her-2/neu in patients with internal micro calcification and lymph node metastasis was higher than that without internal micro calcification and without lymph node metastases(P<0.05). Conclusion: The ultrasonic signs of breast cancer are closely related to the expression of ER, PR, CerbB-2, Her-2/neu and p120, which can provide a reference for the formulation of the treatment scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]