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This experiment was designed to opti‐ mize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Drynariae Rhizoma (DR) in ultrasoundassisted PEG400- (NH4)2SO4 aqueous two-phase system and to evaluate its antioxidant activity. Based on the single-factor approach, the optimal extraction process of total flavonoids from DR was optimized by response surface methodology with (NH4)2SO4 mass fraction, PEG400 mass fraction, ultrasonic power and ultrasonic time as independent vari‐ ables and the yield of total flavonoids from DR as dependent variables. The scavenging ability of DPPH· and ·OH and the iron reducing power of total flavonoids from DR were determined by using Vitamin C as a positive control. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions for total flavonoids from DR were PEG400 mass fraction 19%, (NH4)2SO4 mass fraction 19%, ultrasonic power 180 W, and ultra‐ sonic time 40 min. The yield of total flavonoids from DR under this process was 182.98 mg/g, which was similar to the theoretical prediction. The analysis of antioxidant activity showed that the scavenging abil‐ ity of DPPH·, ·OH and iron reducing power of total flavonoids from DR increased and stabilized with the increase of concentration in a certain concentration range. The PEG400- (NH4)2SO4 aqueous twophase system was used for the extraction of total flavonoids from DR, and the optimal process conditions were reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective Based on network pharmacology and bioinformatics, the molecular mechanism of drynariae rhizoma epimedii folium in the treatment of osteoporosis was discussed, in order to provide a new target for the treatment of osteoporosis. Methods The active ingredients of drynariae rhizoma-epimedii folium were screened through TCMSP database. The regulatory target was predicted through the UniProt database. The target for the treatment of osteoporosis was predicted according to the GEO database. The effective targets for the treatment of osteoporosis were obtained and the drug-component-target-pathway network was established using R language. The protein interaction network was constructed and the molecular docking between key active ingredients and key targets was verified using the Cytoscape software. Finally, the GO analysis and the KEGG pathway analysis of intersection genes were performed by using the DAVID database. Results Thirty-nine active ingredients and 17 therapeutic targets were obtained. The core targets in the protein interaction network were ESRI, PRKDC, HSPA8, EP300, and HSP90AA1. DAVID enrichment analysis showed that the biological process mainly covered xenobiotic metabolic process, steroid metabolic process. regulation of osteoclast differentiation. Signal pathway mainly included NF-kB signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. and HIF-1 signaling pathway. Conclusion Analysis of the treatment of osteoporosis with drynariae rhizoma-epimedii folium through pharmacology and bioinformatics network enables us not only to identify the currently known biological processes and signaling pathways, but also to provide a reference for further research on the substance basis and action targets of drynariae rhizoma-epimedii folium in the treatment of osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drynariae Rhizoma is warm in nature and bitter in taste, mainly acting on liver and kidney systems. It is a common Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of fracture and bone injury. The chemical compositions of Drynariae Rhizoma mainly include flavonoids, triterpenoids, phenylpropanoids and lignans. At present, modern pharmacological and clinical studies have shown that Drynariae Rhizoma has the effects of anti osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, kidney protection, anti-inflammatory, promoting tooth growth, preventing and treating aminoglycoside ototoxicity and lowering blood lipid. In addition, the toxicity evaluation experiment of Drynariae Rhizoma has also shown that it has no obvious toxic and side effects. Naringin is a kind of dihydroflavone in Drynariae Rhizoma. Many studies have shown that naringin and other total flavonoids play an important role in anti-osteoporosis, promoting fracture healing, anti-inflammation, promoting tooth growth and lowering blood lipid. In this study, the research progresses on chemical consti-tuents and pharmacological activities of Drynariae Rhizoma in recent years were reviewed, and some mechanisms of action were summarized, to provide references for the further research and development of Drynariae Rhizoma.

Drynariae Rhizoma has great significance in the clinical practice of osteoporosis treatment. Based on the perspective of integrative pharmacology, the study explored the mechanism of action of Drynariae Rhizoma in the treatment of osteoporosis. Six active components in Drynariae Rhizoma were obtained, mainly including glycosides and sterols. Taking the median of 2 times of "node connectivity" as the card value, the core node of the Chinese medicine target disease gene interaction network was selected. Based on this, three topological structural eigenvalues, such as "node connectivity" "node tightness" and "node connectivity" were calculated, thereby screening out four core targets of Drynariae Rhizoma treatment for osteoporosis, including thyroid parathyroid hormone 1 receptor (PTH1R), parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R), calcitonin receptor gene (CALCR), and SPTBN1 gene (SPTBN1). Based on the gene ontology database GO and KEGG pathway database, the molecular function, intracellular localization, and biological reactions and pathways of proteins encoded by drug target genes were determined. Combined with enrichment calculation, it is predicted that osteoporosis may play a role in biosynthetic processes, such as circulatory system, nervous system, energy metabolism, prolactin signal pathway, GnRH signaling pathway, neurotrophic factor signaling pathway and other pathway. The conclusion of this study is certain with the existing research results, and the new target and new pathway could also be used as a theoretical basis for the further verification of osteoporosis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)