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Electroencephalography (EEG), which can intuitively monitor and record the discharge activities of neuronal groups in the brain, is a crucial scientific and clinical diagnostic technique in the field of neuroscience. EEG has been developed and innovated for nearly a century, and it offers advantages of non-invasiveness, convenience, real-time, and continuity. The rapid advancement and multidisciplinary integration of computer technology and other imaging techniques has led to the application of EEG technology in a wide range of areas, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, and critical care. The purpose of this article is to enhance clinical comprehension and implementation of EEG technology by reviewing its development history, clinical applications, and future prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Cognition disorders is a common complication of epilepsy, which seriously affects patients' activities of daily living. Timely measures can avoid further impairment of patients' cognitive function. There are many risk factors for cognition disorders in patients with epilepsy. This paper summarizes the risk factors related to cognition disorders in patients with epilepsy, and classifies them according to epileptic factors and non-epileptic factors, so as to provide a theoretical basis for accurate treatment of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the different effects of rapid hypothermia on the electrophysiological characteristics of pyramidal neurons and interneurons in epileptic patients. Methods A total of 13 brain tissue samples were selected from patients with focal drug - resistant epilepsy who underwent epileptogenic lesion resection in Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from June to December 2016. Using perfusion method, the brain tissue slice temperature was quickly reduced to 20 °C in a step manner, then rewarmed to 30 °C, and maintained at 30 °C for 10 min (the target temperature was changed by 5 °C every 10 min). Patch clamping technique was used to record the resting membrane potential, synaptic activity and action potential of pyramidal neurons (n = 18) and interneurons (n = 6) in epileptic cerebral cortex. Results 1) Resting membrane potential: when the temperature dropped to 20 °C, the resting membrane potential of the two kinds of neurons showed slight depolarization, but there was no statistical significance in the changes of resting membrane potential at different temperatures and the changes of resting membrane potential of the two kinds of neurons at the same temperature (P > 0.05, for all). 2) Synaptic activity: after cooling, the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) of interneuron was smaller (F = 5.332, P = 0.034). The normalized percentages of EPSC (F = 8.811, P = 0.000) and inhibitory postsynaptic current (IPSC; F = 9.843, P = 0.000) amplitude, EPSC event interval (F = 7.065, P = 0.001), EPSC (F = 6.281, P = 0.002) and IPSC (F = 8.266, P = 0.000) peak area were statistically significant. 3) Action potential: there were no significant differences in the effects of temperature change on the normalized percentages of the threshold, frequency, amplitude and half- width time of the action potential of the two kinds of neurons (P > 0.05, for all). However, the differences of normalized percentages of action potential frequency (F = 4.801, P = 0.008), amplitude (F = 3.680, P = 0.015) and half-width time (F = 28.951, P = 0.000) of neuronal action potentials at different temperatures were statistically significant. Conclusions When the temperature was reduced to 20 °C, the electrophysiological activities of the two kinds of neurons were significantly inhibited. The inhibition of EPSC amplitude of synaptic activity in interneurons was stronger than that in pyramidal neurons. Inhibition of interneuron activity may be one of the reasons for hypothermia prevention and termination of epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), as an emerging non - invasive neuromodulation technology, has high safety and provides a choice for intractable epilepsy patients without surgical indications or unable to benefit from surgical treatment. Among them, negative electrode tDCS can reduce epileptic discharge and seizure frequency by inhibiting abnormal cortical excitation in epilepsy patients, restoring the balance of brain functional network. However, due to the heterogeneity among the results of various studies, its application in the treatment of epilepsy still needs further exploration. This article reviews the principle of tDCS, its potential mechanism in the treatment of epilepsy and its clinical application in intractable epilepsy in the past three years, providing evidence for the potential and safety of tDCS in the clinical treatment of intractable epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]