Search

Wine is a complex solution system generated by physical, chemical and biological transformation of grape berries. Traditional methods for wine authenticity identification and quality control are cumbersome and time-consuming, and therefore cannot meet the needs of mass production. Spectroscopic techniques can simplify the procedure of wine analysis, shorten the analysis time, and enable simultaneous analysis of multiple components. Therefore, spectroscopic techniques have been widely used to assess wine quality and identify the geographical origin, variety, age and authenticity of wine. Furthermore, the combination of spectroscopic techniques and chemometrics allows the identification or modeling of key chemical markers, providing rapid, accurate, non-destructive and real-time detection for wine analysis and quality control. In this article, we summarize the theoretical basis for the application of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), infrared, fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy for wine analysis. Furthermore, we review the current status of the application of spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with chemometrics for wine traceability, quality control and authenticity identification. Finally, we discuss the challenges that spectroscopic techniques face when applied in practice and propose possible solutions to these challenges.

In the process of mining coal resources, a large amount of coal gangue, fly ash and other by-products are produced, which cause a series of secondary disasters and environmental problems. In order to solve a series of disasters caused by the accumulation of coal gangue hills, based on the distribution of coal gangue hills in important mining areas in China, the main disasters were analyzed, the treatment experiences and results were studied, the ecological treatment methods for the stability of coal gangue hills were explored, and the shortcomings of the existing treatment of coal gangue hills were discussed. It combined with the new technology of coal gangue utilization and green treatment at home and abroad, a zero-carbon treatment method of pile-soil collaborative slope protection is proposed, which can provide reference for the resource utilization and ecological environment protection of coal gangue hills in China.

In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of the resource of golden pompano skin, this study investigated the optimal preparation process of its antioxidant peptides using golden pompano skin as raw material. Taking hydrolysis degree and DPPH free radical scavenging rate as inspection indexes, the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of golden pompano skin, including enzyme type, time, enzyme amount, temperature and pH were optimized on the basis of single factor experiment combined with response surface methodology. Therefore, the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of antioxidant peptides from golden pompano skin were obtained, and the molecular weight distribution and amino acid composition of enzymolysis product were further determined. The results showed that the optimal enzyme for the preparation of antioxidant peptides from the golden pompano skin was alkaline protease, and the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were: Enzymolysis temperature 52.3 ℃, pH10.0, time 8.4 h and enzyme amount 15409 U/g. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the enzymolysis product obtained under the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions was 81.59%±2.96%. The molecular weight of the enzymolysis product was mainly distributed below 3000 Da, accounting for 79.20%. Besides, 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in the enzymolysis product, of which glycine was the main amino acid and hydrophobic amino acids accounted for 35.28%. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of golden pompano skin and the screening of antioxidant peptides.

ObjectiveTo understand the pneumococcal vaccination status and its influencing factors among young and middle-aged populations, and provide reference for promoting pneumococcal vaccination. MethodsFrom May to August 2023, a multi-stage random cluster sampling method was used to select 5 928 residents aged 19 – 59 years old from Nanchang city in Jiangxi province, Changsha city in Hunan province, and Kunming city in Yunnan province for an online questionnaire survey on pneumococcal vaccination status. ResultsAmong the 4 895 young and middle-aged people finally included in the analysis, only 833 had received pneumococcal vaccine in the past 5 years, with a pneumococcal vaccine uptake rate of 17.02%; multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the pneumococcal vaccine uptake rates were higher among those aged 45 – 59 years old, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel, professional and technical personnel, smokers, those with general knowledge of pneumococcal diseases and vaccines, and those with general and good trust in pneumococcal vaccines, while the uptake rates were lower among those with high school/technical secondary school education or above and office clerks and related personnel; the top three reasons for pneumococcal vaccination among young and middle-aged people were disease prevention (75.87%), protecting family and colleagues (57.38%), and government and health administration recommending vaccination (43.22%), while the top three reasons for not receiving pneumococcal vaccine were worrying about adverse reactions after vaccination (42.22%), no time for vaccination (28.19%), and believing that the vaccine had limited effectiveness (25.11%), and the top three factors most likely to change vaccination willingness were free/discounted vaccines (46.63%), worrying about the impact of pneumonia infection on family and colleagues (46.53%), and government and health administration recommending vaccination (45.89%). ConclusionThe pneumococcal vaccine uptake rate among young and middle-aged populations was low, and age, education level, occupation, smoking status, knowledge of pneumococcal diseases and vaccines, and trust in vaccines was the main influencing factors for pneumococcal vaccination in this population. Comprehensive policy measures, especially the introduction of preferential policies related to pneumococcal vaccines, should be adopted to promote vaccination.

Background Shoulder-hand syndrome is one of the major disabling factors for stroke patients, which seriously affects their physical and psychological health as well as their quality of life. Currently, there are many non-pharmacologic treatments used to treat post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome, but there is still some confusion about which non-pharmacologic treatment modality is more effective in clinical practice. Objective To provide evidence-based support for clinical decision-making, this network meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy of seven non-pharmacological treatments in improving outcomes for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome, pain as measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and scores on the simplified Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) . Methods A computerized search of databases including CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biomedical Literature Service System, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted for randomized controlled trials on non-pharmacological treatments for post-stroke shoulder-hand syndrome up to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted data, performing the network meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0. Results The analysis included 62 studies involving 5 090 patients, assessing interventions such as acupuncture, herbal fumigation, extracorporeal shockwave therapy, moxibustion, herbal hot compress, electrical stimulation, and herbal soak. Results showed that all seven non-pharmacological treatments were superior to the control group in improving overall effectiveness, and FMA scores (P

Typhoons and their associated disaster chains pose serious threats to the lives and property of coastal residents, and they remain a focal point for research and response. Previous studies on typhoon disaster chains often employed high-dimensional symmetric Copula models to establish the joint distribution of multiple hazard factors, however they failed to explore the complex nonlinear and asymmetric dependencies among them. This study aimed to depict these complex relationships more comprehensively and efficiently to provide a more accurate typhoon hazard assessment. Focusing on Zhoushan, a city comprising numerous islands in Zhejiang Province that faces multiple typhoon threats, this study employed the C-Vine Copula function to model the complex dependencies among "strong wind-rainstorm-storm surge" in the typhoon disaster chain. Utilizing observational data from 1979 to 2018, this study involves three main steps: first, fitting the marginal distribution of each hazard factor and identifying the best one from Lognormal, Gamma, GEV (Generalized Extreme Value), and Burr functions based on the K-S test; second, fitting the bivariate joint distributions of wind speed-rainfall and wind speed-storm surge using Gaussian, Clayton, Gumbel, Frank, and Joe Copula functions, and determining the best fit based on the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion); and finally, estimating the trivariate joint probability distribution and corresponding return periods for wind speed-rainfall-storm surge using the C-Vine Copula function. This revealed (1) a strong correlation between wind speed and rainfall observed within regular value ranges (non-extreme conditions), were best represented by the Frank Copula, In addition, wind speed and storm surge exhibit an upper-tail dependence, best captured by the Gumbel Copula. (2) The rainfall distribution under certain wind speed conditions revealed dual peaks, whereas the storm surge distribution maintained a uniform pattern, with the best joint distribution fitting the Gumbel Copula. (3) Considering a 100-year return period for individual variables, the bivariate return periods for wind speed-rainfall and wind speed-storm surge events were significantly reduced to 29 and 30 years, respectively, while the trivariate return period for the wind speed-rainfall-storm surge combination was further reduced to 17 years. Overall, the C-Vine Copula function effectively characterizes the complex nonlinear and asymmetric dependencies among the typhoon disaster chain "strong wind-rainstorm-storm surge", reducing high-dimensional parameter estimation complexity. This method provides new insights for constructing joint probability and return period models for multiple hazard factors and offers a scientific basis for disaster risk assessment and management strategies. Therefore, this enhances the accuracy of disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. Additionally, the application of the C-Vine Copula assists to deeply understand the mechanisms and development processes of natural disasters, providing new tools for on-site emergency response and decision-making.

ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of high cancer risk and its influencing factors among women aged 35 – 64 years in the agricultural and herding areas of Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to provide evidence for local breast cancer prevention and control in the population. MethodsFace-to-face interview with a self-designed questionnaire, clinical examination, and breast cancer screening were conducted from January to December 2022 among 5 000 women aged 35 – 64 years recruited by random sampling in the agricultural and herding areas of six prefectures/counties/banners of Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. High risk for breast cancer was assessed using the Gail model according to the determinants listed in the Guidelines and Specifications for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment of China Anti Cancer Association – 2021. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the main factors influencing the high risk of breast cancer among the participants. ResultsOf the 49 831 valid participants, 13 334 (26.76%) were classified as being at high risk for breast cancer. The multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with the following characteristics were more likely to be at high risk for breast cancer: age 45 – 64 years, Mongolian ethnicity, education of middle school and above, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, history of breast surgery or biopsy, and breast skin changes on palpation; whereas belonging to other ethnic minorities, living with family members, and previous breast examination were protective factors against being at high risk for breast cancer. ConclusionThe proportion of individuals at high risk of breast cancer was relatively low among women aged 35 – 64 years in the agricultural and herding areas of Hinggan League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Age, ethnicity, education level, whether living with family members, menopausal status, family history of breast cancer, ever having had a breast examination, history of breast surgery or biopsy, and breast skin changes on palpation are the main influencing factors for having a high risk of breast cancer among women.

This paper summarized the nursing practicve of a newborn with congenital bilateral chylothorax. The key points of nursing included intensive nursing management of airway, closed thoracic drainage nursing, correct evaluation of neonatal pain and corresponding nursing measures, nursing and observation of special medication, strict implementation of disinfection and isolation measures, and total parenteral and enteral nutrition nursing at the same time. After careful treatment and nursing, the newborn baby was cured and discharged on the 44th day of hospitalization. (本文总结1例先天性双侧乳糜胸早产儿的护理经验。护理重点包括气道集束化护理管理; 胸腔闭式引流护理; 新生儿疼痛评估及管理; 特殊用药的护理及观察; 严格落实消毒隔离措施; 同时做好全胃肠外及肠内营养护理; 实施早产儿发育支持护理。经过精心的治疗与护理, 患儿于住院第44天治愈出院。)

Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance of five foodborne Escherichia coli clinical isolates to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ampicillin. Methods: Based on the theory of electron transfer during bacterial energy metabolism and the introduction of resazurin as a redox probe, an electrochemical square wave voltammetry （SWV） method based on bladed tensin-mediated rapid identification of E. coli drug resistance was established. Results: The electrochemical square wave voltammetry values of E. coli at different concentrations mediated by resazurin were determined, and there was a good linear relationship between the E. coli concentration and the oxidized peak current （I） of resazurin in the range of 1.69×102～1.69×108 CFU/mL, with the regression equation of Y=-0.156 0X-2.965 5, and R2=0.977 5; When performing the determination of E. coli drug resistance, the drug sensitivity test standard was developed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute （CLSI）. The oxidized peak current （I0） of resazurin and the oxidized peak current （I-a） obtained by E. coli after directly interacting with resazurin were used as the control, and the oxidized peak current （I+a） obtained by E. coli after treating it with antibiotics and interacting with resazurin was determined. The value of bacterial activity VETA was introduced as VETA as an indicator for the identification of bacterial resistance by electrochemical square wave voltammetry, and established a rapid electrochemical drug sensitivity test method for E. coli mediated by resazurin. The established method was used to detect the resistance of five clinical isolates of foodborne E. coli to three antibiotics, and VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial sensitivity and resistance, and the results of the drug sensitivity tests were all in accordance with the results of the paper diffusion method. The VETA=50 was used as the critical value for determining bacterial susceptibility and resistance, and all the results were consistent with the results of the paper diffusion method, and the paper diffusion method required 18 h to report the results, whereas this method required only 2 h. Conclusion: Our electrochemical square-wave voltammetry method based on the resazurin-mediated rapid discrimination of E. coli drug resistance is able to accurately and rapidly detect the antibiotics resistance of the five foodborne clinical isolates of E. coli to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and ampicillin.

On September 11， 2020， severe convective weather occurred in the southern part of Liaodong Peninsula， and wet downbursts appeared.The maximum surface wind gust at Dalian Jinzhou Desheng station reached 21.7 m·s-1.By using conventional observation data， Dalian Doppler radar data， ERA5 data and high-resolution mesoscale simulation data， the circulation background， convective environment and echo characteristics of this wet downburst was analyzed.The results show as follow： （1）the major synoptic system is shear line made up of southwest and southeast winds located to the east of upper-level cold vortex transformed by north-moving tropical cyclone.The mechanisms of convective initiation are surface convergence line and low-level jet.Coupling upper-level divergence enhances initial connection development.The convection system moved westward and landed on the frontal zone between the ground cold pool and the east warm air， and the convergence lifting effect increased， promoting higher organization and more severe of the convection system.（2）The highly warm and moist surrounding air and the instability are favorable conditions for convection.Before convection occurred， the sounding shows dry air overlapping moist air and "V" pattern.The lifting condensation level decreases distinctly.During the wet downburst， radar radial velocity shows mid-altitude radial convergence（MARC）， low-level divergence.Before and after the gale， high and low elevations all exhibits more than 45 dBZ reflectivity notch.The high reflectivity notch at high elevation appears prior to that at low elevation.Monitoring the changes of the high elevation reflectivity contributes to the early warning of wet downburst.

Objective To systematically assess the applicability of the clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) integrating Chinese and western medicine, thereby providing reference for enhancing their future usability. Methods PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, SinoMed, WanFang Data, and CNKI databases were searched for guidelines for the integration of Chinese and western medicine. Supplementary searches of Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Medicine Administration, MedSci websites, Website of China Association of Chinese Medicine, Medlive, Website of Dangdang, Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine and World Federation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Societies were conducted. The search time frame was from inception of the databases to December 31, 2022. Four reviewers independently evaluated the implementability of clinical practice guidelines by using 'Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) implementation evaluation tool'. Results A total of 61 integrative Chinese and western medicine guidelines were included. Of the guidelines assessed, 9 guidelines(14.75%) exhibited strong implementability, 40(65.57%) demonstrated average implementability, and 12 (19.67%) demonstrated poor implementability. Among the 5 domains, the dimensions of 'accessibility' and 'implementability' were found to be of high quality, while those of 'communication', 'ease of identification' and 'applicability' were relatively poor. Notably, compared to guidelines published between 2006—2016, those published between 2017—2022 showed improvements in the areas of 'identification' and 'application'. Conclusions The implementabilityof the existing clinical practice guidelines of the integrative Chinese and western medicine is average and needs to be improved. In the future, emphasis should be placed on the integration of medical education and research, publicity of the guidelines, continuous medical education and training, a more concise form of recommendations, application of the guidelines by clinicians, and the implementability of the integrative Chinese and western medicine guideline.

Objective: To compare the quality of vacuum concentrated pear juice at different temperatures and construct a quality evaluation method for concentrated pear juice. Method: Fresh pear juice was concentrated under decompression condition (vacuum degree 0.005 MPa) at concentration temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃, respectively. The evaluation model of concentrated pear juice was constructed based on the browning degree, pH, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Fe3+reducing power, soluble sugar, organic acid and volatile components of the concentrated pear juice. Results: The content of tartaric acid, fumaric acid and pH decreased significantly with the increasing temperature, while the browning degree, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Fe3+reducing power, quinic acid, malic acid, citric acid increased significantly. The content of alcohols was the highest in concentrated pear juice of 50 ℃ (4.753 μg/mL), the esters was the highest in concentrated pear juice of 70 ℃ (2.808 μg/mL), the aldehydes and ketones were the highest in concentrated pear juice of 70 ℃ (12.478 μg/mL). This study obtained a model for evaluating the quality of concentrated pear juice and found that 70 ℃ was best vacuum concentration temperature for pear juice. Conclusion: The vacuum concentration temperature could affect the quality of concentrated pear juice, which could be well distinguished by the quality evaluation model. This study would provide references for the quality control of vacuum concentrated pear juice.

Objective 3D geological modelling is a kind of technology that converts multisource geological data into 3D geological models through computer. It reveals the spatial distribution relationship between various underground geological bodies, which helps geologists understand underground geological structures more intuitively, providing certain support for resource exploration, disaster prediction, engineering construction.However, complex geological environment, scarcity of effective geological data, large amount of calculation and other factors make the construction of large-scale complex geological bodies become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of 3D geological modelling. Methods To address these issue, this paper proposes a large range of complex geological body block modelling methods. Based on the model horizontal distribution scope of bounding box, large range of research area will be divided into several relatively smaller ones to perform modelling. At the same time, virtual borehole and stratum partition automatic tracking algorithm will be introduced for the block model at the bottom, top and middle part for the consistency of boundary constraints.At the same time, when modelling each block, the range of modelling data is extended to ensure that the strata between merged blocks can achieve smooth transition at the boundary of block. Results Each block of model is combined into a complete one with coherent and smooth stara so that a large range of complex three-dimensional geological body modelling can be realized. Conclusion Taking the shallow underground model of the Xiamen Maluan Bay New urban area as an example, this paper constructed corresponding geological model to test the modelling effect. The model is dissected and compared with the real borehole. The feasibility of proposed method is verified in terms of modelling efficiency, continuity and smoothness of strata connection.

The key to promoting intelligent construction is to integrate the digital twin technology form the operation mode of virtual and real integration. And the industrial metaverse based on digital twin is the future development direction of intelligent mining face. The concept of virtual and real integration operation mode of fully-mechanized mining face based on virtual reality-digital twin-cyber physical system-industrial metaverse is proposed. It has six connotation characteristics, such as display and off-line simulation, monitoring and auxiliary operation, online simulation and preview. It is an evolution process from low-level display simulation to high-level deep integration function. Finally, it have four abilities : the ability of reproduction mapping from real to virtual precision, the ability of reasoning and forecasting decision-making in virtual iteration, the ability of reproduction control from virtual to real, the ability of seamless cooperation between virtual and real human-computer, and the ability of lean management. The four capabilities of industrial metaverse and the key technologies to realize industrial metaverse are analyzed.Based on the existing monitoring, decision-making and control capabilities, AR remote assistance technology that can strengthen the cooperation ability between field operators and remote operators, robot cooperation technology that can strengthen the safety of operators, and virtual human technology that can use AI-driven operation in virtual space are integrated to build a hydraulic support adjusting experimental system based on industrial metaveise,and preliminary understanding of the application of industrial metaverse in coal mining.

Salty peptides play vital roles in salt reduction of food as novel salt substitutes, especially for special people who need low-sodium food, and have a wide application prospect. Therefore, the preparation and development of salty peptides have become the focus of current research. In present review, plant-derived salty peptides are taken as the target, research necessity and structural characteristics, the mechanism of action of salty taste receptors such as ENaC, the structure-activity relationship between the structure and taste characteristics of salty peptides, the preparation technology, the separation, purification and identification technology, the application of plant-derived salty peptides are summarized, such as savory flavors, saltiness-enhanced cooking salt and savory enhancers. The review would lay a theoretical basis for promoting the mechanism research in depth and product development of plant-derived salty peptides.

ObjectiveIn order to set or improve the lightning protection measures of ships, it is necessary to evaluate the strike risk of critical equipment and the protection effect of the lightning rod.MethodsIn this paper, a lightning leader fractal model is constructed and applied to a simulation study on the lightning attachment process of a ship. The configuration method of the simulation boundary of the model and the quantitative evaluation method of lightning strike risk are improved, and a quantitative study on the influence of different factors on the lightning strike risk of the ship is performed.ResultsThe simulation results show that the protection probability of the lightning rod in the middle of the ship is more than 75% under the basic configuration. The bow, stern and antenna far away from the lightning rod have a relatively large risk of circling strike. The lightning strike probability of the shipboard antenna is lower if the lightning initiation position is closer to the lightning rod, the lightning current is greater or the lightning rod is higher.Conclusions The lightning leader fractal model constructed in this paper can be used to investigate the weak links of direct lightning protection on the surface of ships, which can provide useful references for the direct lightning protection design of ships.

Comparative analysis of aroma-active compounds in large-leaf yellow tea and rice crust was carried out via headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) to elucidate the material basis of the rice crust-like aroma of large-leaf yellow tea. The results revealed that 72 and 45 volatile compounds were identified in large-leaf yellow tea infusion and rice crust, respectively. In total, 15 aroma-active components were found in both large-leaf yellow tea and rice crust. Among them, five pyrazines responsible for a roasted aroma were common to both, which made a key contribution to the characteristic rice crust-like aroma of large-leaf yellow tea. 2-Ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-ethyl-5-methylpyrazine and 2,6-diethylpyrazine were the key aroma-active components of both large-leaf yellow tea and rice crust. 3,5-Diethyl-2-methylpyrazine was key to the formation of the rice crust-like aroma of large-leaf yellow tea, but contributed little to the characteristic aroma of rice crust. 3-Ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine was key to the formation of the characteristic aroma of rice crust, butt contributed little to the characteristic aroma of large-leaf yellow tea.

Due to the excellent physical properties and advantages in the field of tumor therapy, lutetium 177 has attracted extensive attention in the field of internal radiation therapy in nuclear medicine. The carrier free radionuclide lutetium 177 can be used for targeted treatment of neuroendocrine tumor and prostate tumor. The carrier free radionuclide lutetium 177 can be prepared by irradiating high abundance ytterbium 176 isotope in reactor. The experimental study result found that the abundance of ytterbium 176 isotope directly affects the activity of lutetium 177. In order to meet the requirement of high abundance of ytterbium 176 isotope, in view of the characteristics of high primary separation coefficient and good universality of electromagnetic method, the key process parameters of electromagnetic separation and preparation of high abundance ytterbium 176 isotopes were studied. Ultra dry YbCl3 with purity of 99.99% was selected as the separation raw material according to the requirements of electromagnetic isotope separation on raw materials. The trajectory of ytterbium ion beam in magnetic field was simulated, and the effects of magnetic induction intensity and beam opening angle on the dispersion of ytterbium isotope separation were given. The results are the same as the theoretical analysis. The design of nonuniform field will increase the dispersion between isotopes, reduce the sputtering contamination between isotopes, and then improve the abundance of isotopes. The emission angle of ytterbium ion beam is 11°, the seven isotopes of ytterbium can be separated completely, and the dispersion of ytterbium 176 and ytterbium 174 is large. The effects of ion source parameter on the beam intensity and focusing ability of ytterbium isotopes were obtained by ytterbium isotope electromagnetic separation experiment. The main basis for judging whether the discharge parameters of the ion source are appropriate is the current intensity of the ytterbium 176 ion beam and the focusing ability Q of the ion beam. In this experiment, the ratio of the current intensity of the ytterbium 176 to the panel current intensity was taken as the embodiment of the focusing ability Q. This experiment was carried out by controlling the variable method, and the optimal combination of separation parameters was given. Finally, ytterbium 176 isotope sample with high abundance was prepared by electromagnetic separation. After separation, the ytterbium isotope in the receiver is chemically purified to obtain ytterbium 176 isotope, which is detected by mass spectrometer. The abundance of the sample reaches 9816%. The high abundance ytterbium 176 isotope prepared in this study is chemically treated to form Yb2O3 compound, which is used as the target of nuclear reactor irradiation to supply the demander.

ObjectiveDue to the different arrangement and control mode of an underwater vehicle with an X-rudder configuration, the effectiveness of the after-control-surface is influenced by the angle of incidence of the underwater vehicle.MethodsNumerical simulation is carried out on SUBOFF model with an X-rudder configuration, including variations of single rudder coupled with attack angle and drift angle respectively, along with fitting research for each case.ResultsThe results show that the hydrodynamic characteristics related to rudder angle for the two orthogonal planes are different because of the significant interaction between the rudder and main body. The effectiveness of the top right rudder and lower left rudder decreases and increases with the incidence angle respectively for the studied range of incidence and rudder angle, and is also different from its straight running conditions. The relative change of the rudder derivative is up to 16% in quantity.ConclusionThis study can provide references for the motion modeling and simulation evaluation of underwater vehicles with an X-rudder configuration.

Studying casing corrosion mechanism and seeking alternative corrosion-resistant materials are the fundamental ways to slove the increasingly serious problem of casing corrosion in oilfields. Herein， by simulating the field corrosion conditions of Changqing Oilfield， the corrosion behavior of J55 and 3Cr materials in the environment of a CO2 partial pressure of 1.0 MPa， a H2S partial pressure of 0.3 MPa and a temperature of 60 ℃was studied. Additionally， the morphology and components of the corrosion products of these two materials were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy， energy spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Results showed that the enrichment of Cr element in the corrosion product film and the formation of Cr(OH)3 improved the stability and compactness of the corrosion products， making 3Cr exhibit better corrosion resistance than J55. In the environment containing both CO2 and H2S， H2S corrosion played a dominant role. The loose corrosion product film formed in CO2 corrosion made the uniform corrosion rates of J55 and 3Cr higher than those in environments containing H2S alone and containing both H2S and CO2.

Objective To investigate the gut microbiome composition and changes and its association with disease severity in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods This study was a prospective cross-sectional analysis. The subjects of the study were AP patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2018 to January 2022 and healthy volunteers. The clinical data and stool samples of the two groups were collected, the 16S rRNA of the gut microbiome was DNA sequenced, and bioinformatic analysis was performed. The differences in gut microbiome between the two groups were compared, and the correlation between the intestinal flora and the severity of AP was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results A total of 60 AP patients and 20 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Among the AP patients, 20 were mild AP, 20 were moderately severe AP, and 20 were severe AP. During hospitalization, 22 cases were transferred to ICU, while 38 cases were not. In α diversity analysis, the Shannon index of AP patients was significant decreased compared to healthy volunteers (P < 0.05). β diversity of the two groups was significantly different. At the phylum, family, genus and species levels, there were also significant differences in the microbiome composition between the two groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed that g_Escherichia-Shigella, g_Enterococcus, and f_Enterococcaceae were dominant in AP patients while g_Blautia, and g_Bifidobacterium were dominant in healthy volunteers. Function analysis found that multiple amino acid biosynthesis pathways were blocked in gut microbiome of AP patients, and potential pathogenicity and migration ability of gut microbiome increased significantly. In subgroup analysis, g_Enterococcus was increased and g_Bacteroidaceae was decreased in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients. Based on the probability of disease index, the ROC curve showed that the area under the curve for identifying AP patients and AP patients transferred to ICU were 0.996 and 0.743. Conclusions The pathogenic bacteria increased and the beneficial bacteria decreased in the gut microbiome of AP patients. Changes in gut microbiota are related to the severity of AP disease and therefore have the potential to be used as novel biomarkers for AP.

The meshing force distribution of the harmonic reducer has a great effect on its carrying capacity，transmission efficiency，transmission accuracy and service life. An analytical model based on no-load backlash and circumferential meshing stiffness is proposed to describe the meshing condition between flexible wheel and rigid wheel more accurately under load status. The no-load backlash in the assembled state is calculated by geometric method，and the circumferential meshing stiffness is obtained through establishing and analyzing the mechanical model of the flexspline under load. The distribution of meshing force under different load conditions is obtained by iterative solution based on the no-load backlash and the circumferential meshing stiffness matrix. A finite element model is established to verify the accuracy of the analytical model，and the results are basically consistent.

T helper 17 (Th17) cells are a new type of CD4+ T helper cell. They participate in the immune and inflammatory response by secreting specific interleukin-17 (IL-17). In oral mucosal diseases, oral lichen planus (OLP), recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU) and Behcet′s disease (BD) are associated with Th17 cells and IL-17. There were 17 kinds of proteins in the saliva of patients with OLP that could upregulate the expression of Th17 cells and induce the secretion of IL-17. IL-17 can stimulate epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts to produce a variety of cytokines, such as IL-6, IL-8, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and cell adhesion molecule-1, leading to the production and aggravation of inflammation. Th17/Tc17 cell-targeted therapy can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of OLP patients′ mucosa and skin. IL-17 can stimulate oral keratinocytes through the IL-17RA or IL-17RE receptor and produce proinflammatory effects in RAU. Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of BD patients are significantly increased, while Treg cells are significantly decreased.

Real-time assessment of ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions is crucial for the sustainable development of ecological environments in China. In this study, we constructed a topsoil remote sensing ecological index (TRSEI) by coupling five indicators, greenness, wetness, dryness, topsoil grain size, and heat, with the Google Earth Engine (GEE). With the index, we evaluated the ecological environment quality of Wuchuan County from 1990 to 2020, and examined the spatio-temporal variations of ecological environment quality and its driving factors by using univariate linear regression, multiple regression residual analysis, and Hurst index. Results showed that the first principal component of the TRSEI in the study area contributed over 70%, with a mean eigenvalue of 0.148, indicating the effective integration of various ecological indicators by TRSEI. The topsoil grain size index was essential for the assessment of ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions. From 1990 to 2020, the fluctuation range of TRSEI in the study area was between 0.289 and 0.458, showing an overall slight deterioration trend. The ecological environment quality of cropland and de-farming region had improved, with the improved area accounting for 47.9% of the total area. The grassland, barren land, and construction land areas had deteriorated, with the deteriorated area accounting for 52.1% of the total area. In the future, 36.9% of the regions would experience continuous improvement in ecological environment quality, while 41.4% might continue to deteriorate. Human activities were the primary driving factor for the changes in ecological environment quality in arid and semi-arid regions, accounting for 88.6% of the total area. Climate change also had a significant impact, accounting for 11.4% of the total area. The TRSEI could effectively assess the ecological environment quality of arid and semi-arid regions, providing a scientific basis for ecological conservation and construction in these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the physical fractions of organic carbon and influencing mechanisms in grassland, forest, and farmland soils in wind erosion area can provide scientific basis for carbon sequestration, land utilization, wind prevention measure making, and fertility restoration of sloping farmland in the region. We examined the differentiation of aggregate organic carbon and density fractionation organic carbon in 0-15 cm soil layer across grassland, forest, and sloping farmland with 350 m long and 5° slope gradient in the wind erosion area of Meilisi District, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, as well as the sloping farmland in the downhill section, middle section, and uphill section with every 100 m apart from the bottom to the top. The results showed that soil aggregates >2 mm were all destroyed across grassland, forest, and farmland soils, while the percentage of aggregates <0.053 mm was significantly higher than that of other sizes. The percentage of various soil aggregates, organic carbon content from density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates in farmland were significantly lower than that in grassland and forest soils. Soil aggregates in the uphill section of farmland were completely destroyed, and organic carbon content in various size aggregates and density fractionations gradually decreased with increasing slope. The proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates decreased, but that in light fraction aggregates increased gradually. Soil organic carbon and available potassium were key factors affecting aggregate stability, aggregate organic carbon content, and organic carbon content in density fractionations, while the loss of organic carbon in aggregate led to a decrease in aggregate stability. In summary, compared with grassland and forest soils, the stability of soil aggregates, the aggregate organic carbon content, the organic carbon content in density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in heavy fraction aggregates in farmland all decreased in the wind erosion area of Northeast China. With the increases of slope, the aggregate organic carbon content, the organic carbon content in density fractionations, and the proportion of organic carbon in the heavy fraction aggregates in sloping farmland all decreased. Planting trees, conserving and expanding grassland area, and increasing the application of organic materials in sloping farmland in wind erosion area are effective approaches to stabilize and increase carbon storage, improve soil structure, and enhance soil quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19 has achieved periodical success. Large number of patients with COVID-19 recovered and discharged from the hospital. Most of them still have the clinical problems in respiratory function, physical function, psychological function, daily living ability and social participation ability obstacles. We have developed a set of rehabilitation guidance of integrated Chinese and Western medicine after clinical application. Before the treatment, the patients need a comprehensive rehabilitation assessment, including respiratory function, cardiopulmonary function, physical function, psychological function and the ability of daily activities. From the perspective of TCM rehabilitation, we have designed a set of TCM rehabilitation technical scheme including Tuina, traditional exercise, Chinese herbs, moxibustion, foot bath, TCM diet. At the same time, this guidance is also combined with respiratory function training, airway clearance techniques, physical function training. In addition, to solve the psychological problems caused by a long-term isolation treatment, we use the traditional music therapy and empathy therapy which are easy for patients to accept. The whole set of guidance integrates the rehabilitation techniques commonly used in Chinese and Western medicine, which is easy to learn and use. We hope that patients can take appropriate rehabilitation methods under the guidance of professionals after discharge from the hospital to accelerate the rehabilitation process and return to society as soon as possible.

Objectives Underwater vehicles with an X-plane arrangement can be designed to handle plane control jams, and are characterized by their safety over vehicles with a cruciform arrangement. Because of the different arrangement and control mode of the X-plane arrangement, its hydrodynamic characteristics are different from those of a cruciform arrangement.Methods Numerical simulations of the cruciform arrangement are carried out on SUBOFF and validated first with the model test results and then in combination with the determined meshing method. The hydrodynamic characteristics of the X-plane arrangement are then studied and compared with those of a cruciform arrangement with the same rudder area. Finally, simulations of both the cruciform and X-plane arrangements with propellers modelled by body force are carried out.Results The results show that the horizontal and vertical stability coefficient of the X-plane arrangement is almost the same and declines compared with those of the cruciform arrangement respectively. The force characteristics of the X-plane arrangement are nonlinear with its angle, and the derivatives of the rudder decline by about 27%. The pump effect improves the stability coefficients and enhances the derivatives of the control surface by about 15%–18%.Conclusions The results of this study can provide guiding references for the design of underwater vehicles.

Ytterbium isotopes have important applications in radiopharmaceuticals, atomic clocks, nuclear physics and other fields. Electromagnetic method is the best choice for the separation of ytterbium isotopes. In order to collect and monitor the ytterbium isotopes separated by electromagnetic method, a ytterbium isotope beam receiving and monitoring system is developed. According to the characteristics of ytterbium isotope separation, such as small dispersion, large number and difficult separation, a modular collector with multi slit panel and built-in water cooling structure and a beam monitoring system were designed through theoretical calculation and empirical parameters. The evaporation and sputtering of isotopes were reduced and the abundance of ytterbium isotopes was improved. Finally, the test of ytterbium isotope beam receiving and monitoring system was completed. At present, the system has been applied to the separation of ytterbium isotopes, and the ytterbium 176 isotope abundance has reached 96.9%.

Objective: To compare the quality of vacuum concentrated pear juice at different temperatures and construct a quality evaluation method for concentrated pear juice. Method: Fresh pear juice was concentrated under decompression condition (vacuum degree 0.005 MPa) at concentration temperatures of 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C, respectively. The evaluation model of concentrated pear juice was constructed based on the browning degree, pH, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Fe3+ reducing power, soluble sugar, organic acid and volatile components of the concentrated pear juice. Results: The content of tartaric acid, fumaric acid and pH decreased significantly with the increasing temperature, while the browning degree, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, Fe3+ reducing power, quinic acid, malic acid, citric acid increased significantly. The content of alcohols was the highest in concentrated pear juice of 50 °C (4.753 μg/mL), the esters was the highest in concentrated pear juice of 70 °C (2.808 μg/mL), the aldehydes and ketones were the highest in concentrated pear juice of 70 °C (12.478 μg/mL). This study obtained a model for evaluating the quality of concentrated pear juice and found that 70 °C was best vacuum concentration temperature for pear juice. Conclusion: The vacuum concentration temperature could affect the quality of concentrated pear juice, which could be well distinguished by the quality evaluation model. This study would provide references for the quality control of vacuum concentrated pear juice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When compressive sensing (CS) was used to achieve sparse imaging of moving targets,the Doppler frequency caused by motion will increase the processing dimension,change the center frequency of echo and worsen the mutual coherence property of measurement matrix.In order to improve the three-dimensional (3D) imaging performance of MIMO radar for moving targets,an efficient method was proposed.In each dimension,the distribution information of targets was searched respectively and a new low-dimensional measurement matrix was reconstructed accordingly,so the targets’ area was narrowed down.At the same time,in order to optimize the mutual coherence property of measurement matrix,Bayesian method was used to optimize the velocity-dimensional projection matrix to reduce the strong mutual coherence brought by sampling of Doppler frequency,then the efficient sparse imaging could be achieved.The simulation results show that proposed method can improve the efficiency,accurate imaging performance with efficient.

In order to improve the uneven distribution of laser energy in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) technology, simulation software was used to simulate the optical path imaging of flat convex cylindrical mirrors with different focal lengths of 12.5 mm radius. The simulation showed that the optimal focal length meeting the laser conditions was 100 mm. On this basis, a shaping system based on LIBS beam was built. Compared with the non-convex mirror, the mean square error coefficient of focal spot light intensity for the strontium element in the sample decreased by an average of 41.91%, the peak-to-valley ratio of focal spot intensity decreased by an average of 41.27%, the energy uniformity increased by an average of 17.23%, and the coefficient of determination for the fitting increased from 0.860 to 0.914. The results show that the plano-convex cylindrical mirror can improve the uniformity of beam energy, proving that it is an effective method for laser beam shaping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sea cucumber has high nutritional and medicinal value, is characterized by a marine echinoderm with high protein and low lipid. In recent years, a growing number of sea cucumber peptides with bioactive functions have been discovered, including antioxidant, anti-aging, learning and memory improvement, anti-fatigue, anti-hypertensive, antimicrobial, antitumor, immune-regulating, hypoglycemic, as well as anti-inflammatory activities, and regulate the physiological function through multiple ways. This paper aimed to review biological functions of sea cucumber peptides and their potential regulatory mechanisms. Furthermore, main application fields and research directions are presented, which will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of sea cucumber peptides in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the relevant factors affecting the occurrence of biliary complications in patients after removing residual stones from intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts through T-tube fistula, and to construct a predictive model. Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 194 patients who underwent intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stone removal through T-tube fistula in our hospital from January 2018 to July 2020. Based on the incidence of postoperative biliary complications such as biliary bleeding, abdominal pain, and vomiting, the patients were divided into a non-complication group (n = 132) and a complication group (n = 62). Relevant data of the patients were collected, and independent influencing factors for the occurrence of related complications were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Another 92 patients who underwent intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stone removal through T-tube fistula in our hospital from August 2020 to August 2022 were selected as external validation. The predictive value of the risk prediction model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), and the Goodness of fit of the model was judged by the Hosmer Lemeshow test. Results Among the 194 patients who underwent intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stone removal through T-tube fistula, 132 did not experience complications, while 62 experienced complications, including 57 cases of abdominal pain, vomiting, biliary tract infection, and 5 cases of biliary bleeding. The results of univariate analysis showed significant differences between the two groups of patients in preoperative albumin, surgical time, bile properties, intraoperative bleeding volume, and bile multidrug-resistant bacterial infection (P < 0.05) ; No significant difference was noted in age, sex, BMI, course of disease, preoperative total bilirubin, preoperative white blood cells, hypertension, diabetes, hepatitis B, surgeon experience and bile duct diameter in the two groups (P > 0.05). The results of multivariate analysis showed that preoperative albumin, surgical time, bile properties, intraoperative bleeding, and infection with multidrug-resistant bile bacteria were all independent influencing factors for postoperative complications in patients (P < 0.05) ; Risk prediction model: Logit (P)=8.564-0.438 X (Preoperative albu-min)+0.092 X (Surgical time)+2.038 X (Bile traits)+1.253 X (intraoperative bleeding volume) -1.179 X ( Multi drug resistant bacterial infection), the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the risk warning model was 0.890 (95% CI: 0.875 ~ 0.951), the sensitivity was 89.8%, and the specificity was78.2%. The Hosmer Lime show fitting test showed that, χ² = 10.109, P = 0.57, the model had good fitting validity and high predictive value. The sensitivity of external validation of the model was 85.2%, specificity was 84.6%, and overall accuracy was 84.8%. Conclusion Preoperative albumin, surgical time, bile properties, intraoperative bleeding, and infection with multidrug-resistant bile bacteria were independent influencing factors for postoperative complications in patients. Therefore, constructing a risk prediction model based on these factors has certain predictive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to establish a classification method for flue-cured tobacco leaves grown in Henan Province and to meet the requirement of "Golden Leaf" brand cigarettes, a quality gradient experiment of typical flue-cured tobacco samples from Xuchang in central Henan and Sanmenxia in west Henan was conducted to screen the key classification indexes of tobacco leaves. The work established an industrial leaf classification system, which was applied and verified. The results showed that: 1)The quality characteristics of tobacco leaves from Xuchang and Sanmenxia differed, and the leaves from different stalk positions presented different quality trends. 2) Oiliness, softness and leaf structure were the common appearance characteristics affecting the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco in Henan, among which oiliness or softness contributed to 24.4%-61.9% of the variation of total sensory quality score. Color and body were the individual appearance characteristics affecting the sensory quality of the flue-cured tobacco from Xuchang, while that for Sanmenxai leaves was glossiness. 3) The ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar was the key chemical component index affecting the quality characteristics of tobacco leaves from Xuchang and Sanmenxia, which determined 23.9%-68.5% of the variation of oiliness and softness scores of Xuchang leaves, and contributed to 39.1%-50.5% of Sanmenxia leaves together with carbohydrate content. This leaf classification system linked the above appearance indexes of flue-cured tobacco with the scientific classification of different sensory quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Huangmeijian araa of Anhui Province, located in the southeastern margin of Lujiang-Zongyang volcanic basin, has superior geological conditions for uranium mineralization. The metallogenic type is epithermal uranium deposit related to alkaline rocks, and the uranium mineralization is controlled by strata, faults, magmatic rocks and postmagmatic hydrothermal activities. To study the relation between uranium mineralization and geophysical characteristics in this area, the geophysical characteristics of typical uranium deposits/occurrences are studied by comprehensive geophysical prospecting methods such as ground γ-ray spectrometric survey, gamma total measurement and induced polarization (IP). The results show that the uranium deposits/occurrences are generally located in the gamma high field and energy spectrum uranium anomaly field to high field gradient zone, with the electrical characteristics of low resistance and high polarization for ore-bearing structure faults. By summarizing the geological-geophysical characteristics of uranium deposits (occurrences) of this type, two metallogenic prospect areas are delineated, which provides basis for further work and reference for prospecting the same type of uranium deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]