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ObjectiveUsing transcriptome sequencing to screen the differentially expressed genes between the synovial tissue of rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and that of normal rats, and then screen the target of fraxetin in the treatment of synovitis.MethodsSD rats were divided into KOA group and the negative control (NC) group. Rat right knee KOA model was prepared by MIA knee joint injection in KOA group and none treatments in NC group. Four weeks after modeling, the right knee synovial tissue of rats in each group was taken for transcriptome sequencing. Then the differential gene expression analysis, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG function enrichment analysis and PPI protein network interaction analysis were performed. The synovial macrophage Raw264.7 cells were divided into the control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intervention group and LPS+60 μmol/L fraxetin intervention group, then RNA-sequencing results were verified by qRT-PCR in the three groups.ResultsThe results of differential gene-expression analysis showed that there were 1 730 up-regulated genes and 1 546 down-regulated genes in the KOA group compared with the control group, among which the significantly up-regulated genes were mmp12, Acod1, Acan, Col2a1, Atp6v0d2 (|log2(FoldChange)|≥1, adjusted P