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Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS) combined with suction curettage for mass-type cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) and to analyze the influencing factors of vaginal bleeding and readmission. Methods: From January 2014 to December 2020, 88 patients with mass-type CSP were treated by FUAS combined with suction curettage in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The clinical results and the influencing factors of bleeding and readmission for mass-type CSP were analyzed. Results: All the patients underwent one time FUAS treatment successfully. Immediately after FUAS treatment, color Doppler ultrasound showed obvious necrosis and no perfusion area in all lesions, and the blood flow in the mass-type CSP tissue significantly decreased. The median volume of blood loss in the procedure was 20 ml (range: 5-950 ml). Thirteen patients (15%, 13/88) had vaginal bleeding≥200 ml, and 15 patients (17%, 15/88) were hospitalized again. The average time for menstruation recovery was (28±8) days (range: 18-66 days). The average time needed for serum human chorionic gonadotropin-beta subunit to return to normal levels was (22±6) days (range: 7-59 days). The risk of large vaginal bleeding of patients were related to the blood supply of the mass ( OR =5.280, 95% CI : 1.335-20.858, P =0.018) and the largest diameter of the mass ( OR =1.060, 95% CI : 1.010-1.120, P =0.030). The risk of readmission were related to the largest diameter of the mass ( OR =1.055, 95% CI : 1.005-1.108, P =0.030) and the depth of the uterus cavity ( OR =1.583, 95% CI : 1.015-2.471, P =0.043). No serious complications such as intestinal and nerve injury occurred during and after FUAS treatment. Conclusions: FUAS combined with suction curettage is safe and effective in treating patients with mass-type CSP through this preliminary study. The volume of vaginal bleeding are associated with the blood supply of the mass and the largest diameter of the mass, the risk of readmission are related to the largest diameter of the mass and the depth of the uterus cavity.

Objective: To analyze the risk factors of catheter-related right jugular venous thrombosis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: A total of 125 patients (18-90 years, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ) scheduled for abdominal surgery underwent right internal jugular in our study. Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization were carried out before surgery and Doppler ultrasound examination were conducted daily postoperatively until the catheter was removed. The patients were divided into thrombosis positive or negative group based on the Doppler ultrasound examinations. General clinical data of all patients including name, gender, age, BMI, preoperative Caprini score, bleeding, duration of operation and anesthesia, were also collected. D-dimer test was performed on the third postoperative day. Results: Of the 125 patients, 16(12.8%) were found to have catheter-related right internal jugular vein thrombosis. There were 16 cases (9 males and 7 females) in the thrombosis positive group, with an average age of (73±7) years old, body mass index (22.8±2.9) kg/m(2), and preoperative Caprini score (6.1±1.4).In the thrombosis negative group,among whom 72 were men and 37 were women. The average age of these patients was (66±11) years old, BMI was (22.6±2.9)kg/m(2), and preoperative Caprini score was (5.9±1.3).There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding age, gender, BMI, preoperative Caprini score ( P> 0.05).The average operating time, anesthesia time, bleeding amount and D-dimer level on the third postoperative day were (189±46) min, (211±59) min, (288±96) ml,(3.4±1.6) mg/L in thethrombosis positive group, and (139±39) min, (171±46) min, (175±114) ml,(2.0±0.9) mg/L in the thrombosis negative group, respectively. Duration of surgery, bleeding amount and D-dimer level on the third postoperative day significantly affected the occurrence of catheter-related right internal jugular venous thrombosis ( U =10.768, 359.000, 390.000, P< 0.05), but no statistically significant differences in anesthesia time between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis screened out duration of surgery, bleeding amount and D-dimer level on the third postoperative day as risk factors for catheter-related right jugular venous thrombosis( OR= 10.037, 1.011, 3.274, P< 0.05). Conclusion: The high incidence of catheter-related right jugular venous thrombosis in patients undergoing abdominal surgery is closely related to intraoperative blood loss, operation time, D-dimer level on the third postoperative day and other factors.

To study the effect of serum containing Xihuang pill on the proliferation of human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 and the gene and protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax, TP53, in order to explore the effect and mechanism of Xihuang pill in resisting breast cancer. The serum of the rats was prepared by the method of MTT assay. The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by RT-PCR. The serum levels of Bcl-2 and Bax and the mRNA expression of TP53 were detected by immunofluorescence. The rats with serum containing Xihuang pill could inhibit the proliferation of MDA-MB-435 cells and MCF-7 cells ( P <0.05). The serum containing Xihuang pill increased TP53 and Bax in MDA-MB-435 cells ( P <0.05), and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was decreased ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, the serum containing Xihuang pill could up-regulate the mRNA expression of Bax in MCF-7 cells and decrease the expression of Bcl ( P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the expression of TP53mRNA and Bax protein expressions after the treatment of MCF-7 cells with Xihuang pill serum. Serum containing Xihuang pill can induce the apoptosis of human breast cancer cells, and the mechanism of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cell apoptosis may be induced by up-regulating the mRNA expression of TP53, which can induce the expression of Bax and promote the metastasis of Bax to mitochondria, and ultimately play the role of inducing apoptosis., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose., (Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.)

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of dysmenorrhea in patients with adenomyosis treated by high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)ablation combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)and levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system(LNG-IUS). Methods: From April 2012 to December 2015, 477 cases of adenomyosis patients with dysmenorrhea were treated by HIFU in the Third Xiangya Hospital. Among them, some patients were treated with HIFU alone, some of them were treated with HIFU combined with GnRH-a and(or)LNG-IUS, thus were classified as H group, H+G group, H+M group and H+G+M group. The improvements of clinical results were compared among the four groups and the influencing factors of HIFU treatment for adenomyosis were also analyzed. Results: During the follow-up period, the overall effective rates of the treatment decreased with time, 3 months 89.4%(345/386), 12 months 84.0%(221/263), 24 months 74.2%(98/132), and the overall recurrence rate was 12.9%(39/303). The significant difference in the curative at 3 months[H group 83.7%(170/203), H+M group 95.0%(95/100), H+G group 100.0%(43/43), H+G+M group 96.8%(30/31)], 12 months[H group 79.4%(123/155), H+M group 93.2%(69/74), H+G group 11/12, H+G+M group 15/17], and 24 months[H group 68.0%(51/75), H+M group 96.4%(27/28), H+G group 6/12, H+G+M group 15/15]after HIFU treatment and recurrence rate[H group 19.0%(29/153), H+M group 3.3%(3/90), H+G group 19.4%(6/31), H+G+M group 4.5%(1/22)]were observed among the four groups( P <0.05). Pairwise comparison further showed that, in 3 months after the treatment, the effect of H group was significantly lower than those of H+M group and H+G group( P = 0.003, P =0.005); in 12 months after the treatment, the effect of H group was significantly lower than that of H+M group( P =0.006); while in 24 months after treatment, the effect of H group was significantly lower than that of H+G+M group( P =0.005), and the effect of H+G group was lower than that of H+G+M group( P = 0.001); and the recurrence rate of H group was significantly higher than that of H+M group( P <0.008). In patients of group H, the effect of HIFU was related to uterine size, the effect of patients with large uterine volume was significantly higher than that of small volume of uterine of patients( P =0.017, OR =2.739, 95% CI : 1.200- 6.251); with increasing of age, the improvement of dysmenorrhea had a increasing trend( P <0.05). Conclusions: HIFU combined with GnRH-a and(or)LNG-IUS could improve the treatment effect in relief of dysmenorrhea. Based on our results, individual treatment protocol should be selected for different patients.

Rye (Secale cereale L., RR) is a valuable genetic resource for the improvement of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD). Transferring alien rye genes into wheat by distant hybridization and automatic chromosome doubling is an important and efficient method to boost agronomic traits, disease resistance and widening the gene pool in wheat. In this study, an octoploid triticale CD-13 (AABBDDRR) was obtained via automatic chromosome doubling by crossing landrace Penganbaimaizi (T. aestivum L., AABBDD) and rye "Qinling rye" (S. cereale cv. Qinling, RR). GISH and FISH analyses indicated that CD-13 contained a 1RS-7DS.7DL wheat-rye small segment translocation chromosome. In order to transfer the 1RS-7DS small segment translocation into hexaploid wheat, 58 lines of the F5 inbred population from the cross CD-13 x Chuanmai 42 were screened for rye chromosome segments by GISH and FISH analyses. The results showed that 13 lines contained the 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation chromosome by reciprocal translocation between 1RS and 7DS. These translocation lines carrying 1RS small rye alien segment were tested for the translocation breakpoints and the presence of a storage protein locus Sec-1. The Sec-1 locus was absent in the line 811, a stable 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation line. The translocation breakpoint of 1RS-7DS.7DL of this line was located in the interval of IB267-IAG95 around the telomere of 1RS chromosome. Thousand-kernel weight of the line 811 was much higher than the parent CD-13, but not significantly different from Chuanmai 42. This indicated that 1RS-7DS.7DL small segment translocation had no negative effect on thousand-kernel weight in the genetic background of Chuanmai 42. The line with 1RS-7DS.7DL translocation chromosomes can be used as a new genetic material for further studies of valuable genes and their genetic effect on 1RS small segment.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of sand buried on the elimination of Oncomelania snails in the marshland along the Yangtze River downstream., Methods: The areas along the Yangtze River were chosen as the investigated objects in Jiangdu District, Jiangsu Province. The datum review and field investigations were used to observe the change of snail area after the sand buried., Results: There were 11 sand buried projects along the Yangtze River in Jiangdu District, Jiangsu Province. The snail areas decreased by 93.73% after the sand buried., Conclusion: The sand buried is an effective method of snail control in the marshland along the Yangtze River. This method can be combined with economic construction and development projects for popularization and application.

ECM is a supporting structure for stabilizing the location of cells and preserving the structure of tissues. Recently, it has been discovered that ECM and its degradation products may exert profound influences on tissues and cells, such as activities of inflammatory cells and immune cells. Angiogenesis may be stimulated or inhibited by degradation products of ECM. Matrikines, liberated by partial proteolysis of ECM macromolecules, are found to regulate cell functional activities and play a significant role in wound healing or tumor invasion. Post-burn denatured dermal matrix is being studied in burn healing now. The study of post-burn denatured or necrotic dermal matrix should be emphasized in future.

Objective: To explore the feasible prevention and control measures for imported falciparum malaria., Methods: The epidemic situation of imported falciparum malaria and status of labor export were investigated by using the epidemic statistical method, epidemiological survey and follow-up survey., Results: There were 46 direct network reported cases of imported falciparum malaria in Jiangdu District in 2011, and they were all export laborers to Africa, being aged from 30-49 years, Totally 28 patients of them had the history of disease in foreign countries, and 29 cases were in the same labor export services company. A total of 444 migrant labors were investigated and 24 patients were diagnosed falciparum malaria., Conclusion: In order to prevent and control imported falciparum malaria, we should strengthen the standard management of labor export services market and health education.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of sand buried and reed protection on Oncomelania snail control in the area of water source of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project., Methods: The Oncomelania snail eggs were counted after the snails raised seven days in the sand of different contents in the spawning period. The survival of the snails was observed when the snails were raised on the sand surface in the laboratory. The change of the densities of living snails and reed growth were observed in the area of water source., Results: The snails did not lay eggs in the pure sand environment. There was a negative correlation between the number of snail eggs and the content of sand (r = -0.965, P = 0.008). The mortality rates of the snails were increasing with the increase of the time in the sand environment. The mortality rates of the snails were 96.00% and 100% when the snails were raised 3 months and 6 months around 25 degrees C respectively. The field test showed that the snails were not discovered after the sand buried, the second spring, after the flood season, and the third spring. However, the density of living snails of the control group dropped by 93.65% 2 weeks after using molluscicide, but increased by 100% and kept in 0.37 snails/0.1 m2 after the flood season and the third year spring, respectively. The reed growth was good in the second spring after the sand buried., Conclusions: The sand environment is unfavorable for laying eggs and survival of the snails. The sand buried method has the effects of snail control and reed protection. In addition, the method could also prevent the snail spread in the flood season.

Objective: To explore the feasibility of burn denatured acellular dermal matrix (DADM) as dermal substitute in repairing wounds., Methods: (1) Nine Wistar rats received a deep partial-thickness scald on the back. Full-thickness wounded skin was collected on post scald day (PBD) 1, 2, and 3 (with 3 rats at each time point), and it was treated with 2.5 g/L trypsin/0.5% Triton X-100 to remove cells to prepare DADM, respectively called DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d. Another 3 rats without scald injury were treated with the same method as above to prepare acellular dermal matrix (ADM) to serve as control. Gross and histological observations and microbiological and biomechanical tests, including ultimate tensile strength, maximum tension, stretched length at breaking, stress-strain relationship, were conducted for the resulting ADM and DADM. (2) Another 64 rats were divided into ADM group and DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d groups according to the random number table, with 16 rats in each group. A skin flap in size of 2.0 cm×1.8 cm was raised on the back of each rat. The above-mentioned ADM, DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d were cut into pieces in the size of 1.8 cm×1.5 cm, and they were respectively implanted under the skin flaps of rats in corresponding group. At post surgery week (PSW) 1, 3, 5, or 9, 4 rats in each group were used to observe wound healing condition and change in implants with naked eye, and histological observation of the implants was conducted. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test., Results: (1) The freshly prepared DADM was milky white, soft in texture with flexibility, but poor in elasticity as compared with ADM. No epithelial structure or cellular component was observed in ADM or DADM under light microscope. Collagen fibers of DADM were seen to be thickened unevenly and arranged in disorder and eosinophilic. All microbiological results of DADM were negative. There was no statistically significant difference among DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d in levels of ultimate tensile strength, maximum tension, stretched length at breaking, and stress-strain relationship (with F values from 0.088 to 3.591, P values all above 0.05). Values of the above-mentioned four indexes were the highest in DADM-3 d, they were respectively (13.0 ± 2.4) MPa, (61 ± 4) N, (173 ± 7)%, (45.7 ± 2.0)%. Values of the four indexes of ADM were respectively (19.0 ± 2.6) MPa, (95 ± 4) N, (201 ± 5)%, (62.5 ± 2.2)%, which were higher than those of DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and DADM-3 d (with t values from 6.424 to 17.125, P values all below 0.01). (2) No exudate or swelling in the wounds of rats, and no contraction or curling of implants were observed in every group at PSW 1, but inflammatory cells infiltration and Fbs inward migration were observed in the wound. At PSW 3, the growth of hair was normal in the wound in DADM-1 d, DADM-2 d, and ADM groups, but few and scattered hair grew in DADM-3 d group. The inflammatory cells decreased, while Fbs increased, and new capillaries were found to grow inwardly in each group. The decrease in inflammatory cells was slightly delayed in DADM-3 d group. At PSW 5, hair growth became normal, and implants shrank and thinned with fiber membrane wrapped densely and bundles of ingrowing large caliber blood vessels in all groups. The dermal matrix in each group merged with the surrounding normal tissue. At PSW 9, ADM and DADM became white, thin, and soft tissue sheet which was closely connected with the inner side of the flap. There was no infiltration of inflammatory cells in implants in either group. The collagen fibers arranged regularly and densely, and they were integrated with normal collagen tissue., Conclusions: The burned DADM does not have obvious immunogenicity, but with good biocompatibility. It is prospective to become as a dermal substitute in repairing wounds.

Objective: To verify the impact of operation high water level on Oncomelania hupensis natural growth in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project., Methods: The data of the daily mean water level were investigated in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station during the water diversion under the emergency anti-drought, and the water level data of the previous year served as the control. The dynamic of natural growth of O. hupensis snails was observed before and after the high water level in the beach wetlands of the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station. The water level of emergency anti-drought was as simulation operation water level of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in the stilling pool, and then the effects of operation water level on O. hupensis natural growth in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project were studied., Results: The altitude of the beach wetlands was 6.4 to 7.2 meters in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station. The water diversion was 255 days continuously and the pumped water was 6.235 billion cubic meters in the Jiangdu Pumping Station from November 2010 to July 2011. There were 216, 136 days and 39 days when daily mean water level were more than or equal to 7.2, 7.6 and 8.0 meters during the water diversion, respectively. The snail densities were 0.856 snails/0.1m2 and 0.0153 snails/0.1m2, respectively, before and after the No.3 beach wetlands flooded in the stilling pool of Jiangdu Pumping Station. The densities of living snails decreased by 98.21%, and there was no any progeny of snail. The snails were not detected in other environment of the stilling pool., Conclusion: The operation high water level can effectively restrain snail breeding in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.

Objective: To explore the model of Oncomelania snail survey in inland areas, so as to reduce the burden of farmers as well as to improve the quality of snail survey., Methods: A database of environment in snail survey was established, and specialized personnel were organized at town level. The general survey combined with survey in turn was used., Results: After the improvement of the survey model, the personnel numbers and amounts of labor used, especially the cost afforded at village level decreased significantly, without any influence on the quality of snail survey., Conclusions: The improvement of snail survey model can enhance the efficiency and quality of survey, and can reduce the burden of farmers, but careful organization, strengthened management, and standardized operations are needed in the procedure.

Objective: To establish the index system of surveillance and early-warning on schistosomiasis and to provide the scientific basis for risk assessment and emergency plan in first phase of east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project., Methods: The Delphi method and the multidimensional synthetic evaluation were used in the evaluation of indexes of surveillance and early-warning on schistosomiasis in the east route of the project., Results: There were 53 indexes evaluated in the index system, and among them, there were 3 first grade indexes, 10 second grade indexes and 40 third grade indexes. The indexes on Oncomelania snails were the most important. According to the habitation position of snails, the four grades on surveillance and early-warning of schistosomiasis were established in the east route. The grade I of the early-warning meant that snails crossed the first level of the pumping station. The grade II meant that snails crossed N 32 degrees 54'. The grade III meant that snails crossed N 33 degrees 03' or Jinhu pumping station. The grade IV meant that snails crossed N 33 degrees 15' or Hongze Station. Other 4 indexes on schistosome infection in people and livestock were confirmed as indicative indexes. According to the relationship among the indexes, the evaluation methods were determined on the risk of schistosomiasis transmission., Conclusions: The index system of surveillance and early-warning and the methods of risk assessment of schistosomiasis have been confirmed in first phase of east route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project. The primary index is related to snails and the supplementary is related to schistosome infection in people and livestock in the system.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of NG-methyl-L-arginine(L-NMMA) for treatment of indirect temporomandibular joint trauma in goats., Methods: Trauma to TMJ in 9 goats were exerted under an impact to the right and left mandibular angle with self-made device, L-NMMA (0.5 mL) were injected into the right TMJs after 3 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days; the left TMJs were injected with normal saline and used as a control. The goats were killed after 3 months. The TMJs of goats were examined with scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy when sacrificed and scored in a subjective manner following the standard criteria which was a modification of the method by Mankin et al and Yoshimi et al. GLM model of SAS 9.0 software package was used to evaluate the scores of the treatment sides and control sides., Results: Under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, the left TMJ tissues showed severe osteoarthrotic changes in the temporal surface,disk and condyle, the right TMJ tissues showed significant improvement (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Repeated intra-articular injection of L-NMMA may reduce the destruction of indirect trauma on goat TMJs.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture for treatment of catatonic schizophrenia., Methods: Eighty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 40 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with electroacupuncture, Baihui (GV 20) and Taiyang (EXHN 5) were selected, once daily; the control group was treated with modified electric convulsive therapy (MECT), the treatment was given once every 2 days or 3 days, 14 to 21 days constituted one course in the two groups., Results: The markedly effective rate and total effective rate were 72.5% and 92.5% in the observation group, 77.5% and 97.5% in the control group, respectively, there was no significant difference between the two groups (both P>0.05)., Conclusion: The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is similar to that of MECT.

Background & Objective: Cyclooxygenase (COX) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. Many inhibitors of COX could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of cancer cells. This study was to observe the inhibitory effect of Aspisol on growth of transplanted breast cancer in C3H mice and the effects of Aspisol on tumor cell apoptosis and the expression of Caspase-3 and COX-2, and explore the mechanisms., Methods: The suspension of breast cancer cells was injected subcutaneously into forelimb axillas of C3H mice to establish xenograft models. From the next day, the mice received intraperitoneal injection of different concentrations of Aspisol once a day for 28 days; the mice received injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were used as positive controls, and the mice received injection of normal saline (NS) were used as negative controls. The inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated. Tumor cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The expression of Caspase-3 and COX-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry., Results: The inhibition rate of tumor growth was 38.9% in 175 mg/kg Aspisol group, 48.2% in 350 mg/kg Aspisol group, 47.0% in 700 mg/kg Aspisol group, and 60.4% in 10 mg/kg 5-FU group. Typical apoptotic morphologic changes were seen in the 4 groups. Caspase-3 expression was significantly higher and COX-2 expression was significantly lower in Aspisol groups than in NS group., Conclusions: Aspisol may inhibit the growth of transplanted breast cancer in C3H mice, and induce tumor cell apoptosis. The mechanism may be correlated to down-regulation of COX-2 and up-regulation of Caspase-3.

Objective: Antisense CDK4 was transfected into human colorectal cancer cells HT29 to examine the effect of it on the growth and proliferation of HT29 cells., Methods: Antisense CDK4 transfected the HT29 cells with lipofectamine. The transfected effects were verified by the Northern blot, Western blot, morphological method, flow cell measure, etc., Results: The transformant cells showed the expression of exogenous antisense CDK4 mRNA, and downmodulation of endogenous CDK4 mRNA expression and inhibition of its protein synthesis. The transformant cells exhibited the partial reversion of the malignant phenotype and behavior, and that the cell growth and the ability of colony formation in soft agar were inhibited. The arrest of G1 phase was also revealed. the apoptosis rate is higher in HT29-asCDK4., Conclusion: The antisense CDK4 gene can inhibited the cell growth and proliferation, and induce the cell apoptosis. It might provide a new way to gene therapy of the colorectal carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the effect of exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) in inhibiting the sequestration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in the lung following limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and the mechanism thereof., Methods: PMNs of peripheral blood were isolated from the venous blood of a healthy volunteer. Serum was collected from a patient undergoing bilateral knee joint replacement as IR serum. Human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were cultured and divided into 4 groups: control group (cultured under the condition of room air containing 5% CO2 for 5 h and cultured in normal human serum instead of medium during the last 4 hours of experiment), IR group (cultured under the condition of air containing 5% CO2 for 5h and cultured in the serum of IR patient during the last 4 hours), IR + CO group (cultured under the condition of air containing 0.025% CO and 5% CO2 for 5 hours and cultured in IR serum during the last 4 hours), and control + CO group (cultured under the condition of air containing and 0.025% CO and 5% CO2 for 5 hours and cultured in normal human serum during the last 4 hours). Immunofluorescence flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and integrin CD11b in the PMVECs. Human PMVECs were put into the wells of a 96-well plate and added with PMNs to calculate the PMVEC-PMN adhesion rate. Tourniquettes were bound at the bilateral hind thighs of 32 healthy male SD rats for 4 hours so as to establish a rate IR model. The rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: control group (undergoing the same operation without causing limb ischemia and exposed to room air), IR group (undergoing bilateral hind limb ischemia for 4 h and reperfusion for 4 h and exposed to room air), IR + CO group (exposed to the containing 0.025% CO one hour before reperfusion till 4 hours after reperfusion), and control + CO group (exposed to air containing 0.025% CO at the corresponding time point as that of the IR + CO group). Then the rats were killed and their middle pulmonary lobes were taken out for microscopy and calculation of the number of PMNs in alveolar septum. Western blotting was used to examine the ICAM-1 protein expression in the lung., Results: The ICAM-1 expression and integrin CD11b expression of the IR group PMVECs were significantly stronger than those of the IR + CO group PMVECs (both P < 0.05) and there were no significant differences in the ICAM-1 expression and CD11b expression between the control + CO and control groups (both P > 0.05). The PMN-PMVEC adhesion rate of the IR group PMVECs was 30 +/- 2.9%, significantly higher than those of the IR + CO group and control group PMVECs (19.8 +/- 1.5% and 13.4 +/- 1.1% respectively, both P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference in the PMN-PMVEC adhesion rate between the CO + control group and control group (P > 0.05). The lung tissues of the IR group rats showed edema and hemorrhage. The number of PMNs in the alveolar septum was 60.6 +/- 1.7/10 high power fields, significantly higher than those of the IR + CO group and control group (36.4 +/- 1.6 and 22.5 +/- 1.6 respectively, both P < 0.05) and there was no significant difference between the latter 2 groups (P > 0.05). The ICAM-1 protein expression in the lung of the IR group was the strongest, followed by the IR + CO group, control + CO group, and control group., Conclusion: Exogenous CO inhibits the limb/IR-induced PMN sequestration in the lung, probably by the mechanism of down-regulation of the expression of adhesion molecules and suppression of the PMN\PMVEC adhesion following IR.

Objective: In order to study the diagnosis and treatment of HBV and HCV infection., Methods: We retrospectively analysed clinical data of 680 patients with cholangiocarcinoma from 1995 to 2001 and stated by SPSS software., Results: (1) The fastigium of cholangiocarcinoma was 60 - 65 years old. The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma was higher in aged males and the sex ratio (male:female) was 1.36:1. (2) The proximal cholangiocarcinoma was most (41.6%) and distant cholangiocarcinoma was secondly (28.7%). (3) Most patients of cholangiocarcinoma were late. The resection rate was low and the rate of radical operation was 21.6% (147/680). (4) The incidence of proximal cholangiocarcinoma was higher in the positive Serologic marks for HBV and HCV and course of diseases was short. Moreover, the pathology of. positive Serologic marks for HBV and HCV trended to low-differentiation and invasion, metastasis and the resection rate was lower., Conclusions: Cholangiocarcinoma is common in the aged males. The infection of HB(C)V and hilar cholangiocarcinoma are correlated and incline to the proximal bile duct. The hilar cholangiocarcinoma infected HB(C)V may have higher malignant degree in biological characteristics and more badly prognosis.

Objective: To observe the changes of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in the skeletal muscle after ischemia-reperfusion of hind limb in rats., Methods: A model of hind limb ischemia was made by clamping femoral artery with a microvascular clip. Soleus muscle was obtained from the animals received sham operation, 4 h ischemia without reperfusion and 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h, 24 h reperfusion after 4 h ischemia. Soleus histology and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured. The levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein were measured in different time by Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry technique., Results: After ischemia-reperfusion of limb, HO-1 mRNA increased at the 2nd hour, reached a peak at the 8th hour, and returned toward baseline at the 24th hour. The change of protein level was essentially in agreement with that of mRNA. Immunohistochemical results showed that HO-1 expressed primarily in skeletal muscle cytoplasma. There were no positive signals of mRNA and protein in sham group and in ischemia group. After limb reperfusion, MDA contents in the soleus muscle increased significantly when compared with that in the sham group (P < 0.05). MDA content of the 8th after reperfusion decreased significantly when compared with that of the 4 h after reperfusion (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Ischemia-reperfusion can induce HO-1 expression in skeletal muscle in rats, which may provide protection for injured tissue.

Glucoamylase overproducing A. niger T21 was mutated by UV mutagensis. An extracellular acid protease-deficient mutant, A. niger T21-201, which produced only 0.76% extracellular acid protease activity of the parent strain, was screened by casein-degradating plate and determination of protease activity. Moreover, the growth properties and the ability to secrete glucoamylase of A. niger T21-201 are identical to these of starting strain T21. The comparison of expression-secretion levels of heterologous gene in A. niger T21-201 and T21 was carried out with bacterial vhb as reporter, the level of expression-secretion of VHb in A. niger T21-201 was 6-7 times higher than that in T21, but the transcriptional levels of vhb gene in both strains were similar revealed by Northern blot. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the deficiency of acid protease of recipient T21-201 has significant effect on the protection of heterologous protein.

Objective: To determine the role of endogenous carbon monoxide(CO) in oxidant-mediated organ injury following limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats., Methods: Sixty-four SD rats were divided into 4 groups: Sham group, Sham + zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP, an inhibitor of heme oxygenase activity), 2-hour ischemia followed by 4-hour reperfusion (I/R) group and I/R + ZnPP group. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level in the artery blood, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the lung, heart, liver and kidney were detected. The 24-hour survival rate of rats was studied., Results: Compared with the sham group, the COHb level and MDA content significantly increased, while the SOD activity and the survival rate significantly decreased in I/R group (P < 0.05). Compared with the I/R group, MDA content significantly increased, while the SOD activity, the 24-hour survival rate and COHb level significantly decreased in I/R + ZnPP group (P < 0.05, respectively)., Conclusion: Limb I/R could lead to the oxidant-mediated multiple organ injury accompanied by the increase of CO level which play an important role in the defense against I/R-induced remote multiple organ injury in rats.

Three different methods of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder cathetering drainage were applied in 33 patients undergoing interventional gallstone dissolution. Among them, sheathed needle was used in 6 cases with a success rate of 33%; wire-guided in 16 with a success rate of 50%; and double-sheathed inner needle was successfully used in all the 11 cases. The authors believe that this last method could safely be used in the nonoperative drainage of acute cholecystitis as well as the interventional gallstone dissolutions.

From 1983 to 1987 there were 144 patients with serious trauma who were given first-aid in the emergency room of our hospital. Sixty of them died (41.7%). The mortality was 56% (1983-1984) and 29.8% (1985-1987) (P less than 0.05). Our experience included: 1. to perform intratracheal intubation or tracheostomy at once for decreasing the mortality of the comatose or asphyxial patients, 2. to transfuse large quantity of liquid quickly and enough quantity of blood for treating shock; 3. learn to be more familiar with multiple injury for reducing diagnostic mistake; 4. to provide with excellent medical services and raise the efficiency of first-aid for decreasing the mortality of serious trauma in the emergency room.