Search

In recent years, with the gradual and extensive application of digital medical treatment in the field of medica anesthesia, its role in the postoperative pain management of children has attracted increasing attention. It provides new ideas for the preoperative prediction, postoperative monitoring and evaluation, and treatment management of postoperative pain in children, as well as a new scheme for anesthesiologists to formulate the best postoperative pain management strategy for children. This article reviews digital medical treatment and its application in clinical anesthesia, and reviews the application prospects of this therapy in postoperative pain in children, in order to deepen clinicians' knowledge.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is becoming one of the fastest growing neurodevelopmen-tal disorders around the world, yet its clinical treatment still faces challenge due to the heterogeneity in etiology and symptom phenotypes. It is believed that excitatory-inhibitory (E-I) imbalance in the central nervous system may play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of ASD. E-I imbalances in synaptic transmission and neural circuits are frequently observed in different animal models of ASD, and the corresponding reversion normalizes the autism-like behaviors in these animals. Some E-I modulators have been tested for their therapeutic potential on ASD patients with encouraging results. This article expounds the mechanism of E-I imbalance in ASD and E-I imbalance regulators treatment progress, to provide new insights on the therapeutic targets for ASD.

Objective To investigate the role of tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN) in the generation of memory CD8+ T cells under the context of neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy. Methods A mouse transplanted model of CT26/MC38-OVA colon cancer was established to recapitulate clinic neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy, and then the tumor masses and TDLN were removed in 15 d after transplantation. On day 30 after surgery, the effect of TDLN on the formation of immune memory was assessed under the condition of neoadjuvant PD-L1 antibody therapy by tumor re-challenge. The effect of neoadjuvant PD-L1 on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells was investigated by adoptive transfer CD45.1+ OT-Ⅰ cells. The distribution and phenotype of CD45+ CD8+T cells in various tissues were determined by flow cytometry at the time of surgery (effector phase) and 30 d after surgery (memory phase). Results The tumor mass was reduced significantly after receiving neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy (P < 0.05). After tumor re-challenge, tumor growth was significantly slowed in the mice treated with neoadjuvant PD-L antibody, whereas TDLN resection accelerated the tumor growth (P < 0.05). However, long-term survival of tumor re-challenge showed that all tumors were eventually subsided, whether or not the mice treated with neoadjuvant PD-L antibody. The results of adoptive reinjection indicated that the number of CD45.1+ CD8+ T cells being stored in TDLN and no-draining lymph nodes (NLN) was the highest (P < 0.05). Tcm (T central memory) cells and Trm (tissue-resident memory) cells were mainly distributed in TDLN and NLN in memory phase (P < 0.05). The distribution and memory phenotype of CD45.1+ CD8+ T cells in TDLN and NLN had no obvous changes after neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy. Conclusion TDLN is the primary site for the storage of memory CD8+ T cells, but under the condition of neoadjuvant PD-L1 antibody treatment, TDLN resection does not affect their long-term anti-tumor immunity.

Turbulence intensity in test section is an important index to evaluate the flow-field performance of wind tunnel, and provide guarantee for model's dynamics and accurate test. The prediction model should be established to evaluate the effect of rectification design to ensure the turbulence-intensity index. Two methods are introduced and used to predict the turbulence-intensity of a continuous and transonic wind tunnel comparing with test results. It was found that the turbulence-intensity variation trend obtained from the two methods is basically same, turbulence-intensity attenuation is mainly concentrated in the first three screens, about 65%, the result calculated by model-one is 21% larger than the measured value and the model-two result is much closer. These two methods can be used to optimize the design of rectifying device effectively although the results obtained by two methods are slightly different form the measured value.

A field experiment is conducted in Jianghan Plain using static chamber-gas chromatography method to monitor greenhouse gas emissions from 5 different rice cropping systems:Early rice, late rice, middle rice, rice-crayfish coculture and ratooning rice systems. The emission characteristics of methane and nitrous oxide fluxes, global warming potential and greenhouse gas emission intensity in different rice patterns are analyzed, aiming to provide scientific references for accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from rice paddy. The results show that methane emissions are concentrated in the early flooding stage of rice paddy, with a flux peak of (85.7 mg·m-2·h-1) for rice-crayfish system, which is higher than those of other patterns by 71.7%-191.5%. Nitrous oxide emissions are mainly observed during mid-season drainage or after nitrogen fertilization, and the highest flux peak is found for ratooning rice (1100.7 μg·m-2·h-1), which is 16.8%-654.9% higher than other patterns. The sequence of accumulated methane emission from largest to smallest is rice-crayfish (541.1 kg·hm-2), ratooning rice (293.7 kg·hm-2), early rice (177.2 kg·hm-2), late rice (133.7 kg·hm-2), and middle rice (115.3 kg·hm-2). For nitrous oxide emission, the sequence is ratooning rice (5.1 kg·hm-2), early rice (2.1 kg·hm-2), late rice (1.0 kg·hm-2), middle rice (0.6 kg·hm-2), and rice-crayfish (0.4 kg·hm-2). As for total emission calculated by global warming potential, the value of rice-crayfish is 13657.7 kg·hm-2, followed by ratooning rice (8857.0 kg·hm-2), early rice (5067.3 kg·hm-2), late rice (3647.0 kg·hm-2), and middle rice (3053.8 kg·hm-2). Rice-crayfish is also accompanied by high greenhouse gas emission intensity reaching up to 1.4 kg·kg-1, followed by early rice (0.79 kg·kg-1), ratooning rice (0.57 kg·kg-1), late rice (0.53 kg·kg-1), and middle rice (0.34 kg·kg-1). The total emission and intensity of middle rice is significantly smaller than those of rice-crayfish system by 77.6% and 75.7%. It is notable that methane emission accounts for 82.9%-99.0% of total emission among different rice cropping patterns, indicating that controlling methane is key for low-carbon production. Due to water flooding in rice paddy, nitrous oxide emission is small. The high emissions from rice-crayfish paddy are mainly attributed to the long duration of flooding, straw returning and large amount of fodder input, which has led to a long period of soil anaerobic condition, and plenty of carbon substrate for methane production. Thus, it is important to explore methane reduction practices and strategies in rice-crayfish paddy. The emission intensity of middle rice is the lowest due to paddy-upland rotation and can be considered as a low-carbon rice cultivation pattern.

The succession of microbiota is closely associated with several essential factors, including race, sex, health condition, lifestyle, postmortem interval, etc., and it has great potential application value in forensic medicine. This paper summarizes recent studies on the forensic applications of the microbiome, including individual identification, geographical feature identification, origin identification of the tissue or body fluid, and postmortem interval estimation, and introduces the current machine learning algorithms for microbiology research based on next-generation sequencing data. In addition, the current problems facing forensic microbiomics such as the extraction and preservation of samples, construction of standardization and database, ethical review and practical applicability are discussed. Future multi-omics studies are expected to explore micro ecosystems from a comprehensive and dynamic perspective, to promote the development of forensic microbiomics application.

In recent years, human beings are constantly facing the threat of emerging infectious diseases. Forensic technology plays a unique role in responding to the emergencies and new epidemics. In epidemic prevention and control, forensic partitioners can provide important clues for the identification of vector animal species and the traceability of pathogen regions based on non-human DNA testing technology. In epidemic-related judicial practice, forensic partitioners bear more and more evidence responsibilities in dealing with biosafety laws-related issues, such as improper handling of epidemics and vaccine safety issues, which require forensic evidence. In terms of pathogen tracing, forensic physical evidence examinations identify species and individuals through biological materials extracted from the scene of death and autopsy of infectious diseases, are expected to provide informative clues for epidemiological investigations and point out the direction for pathogen tracing. In addition, forensic pathological examination can provide an important pathophysiological basis for determining the cause of death and the mechanism of death through autopsy, also offer necessary scientific evidence for clarifying the epidemiological characteristics of the epidemic and predicting the development trend of the epidemic.

Objective o optimize the system conditions and improve the patients' perioperative surgical safety through feedback learning for adverse events. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the adverse events (AEs) and risks of patients' safety reported by the Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2010 to December 2014. Fish bone diagram was used to analyze and summarize the root causes, timing, avoidability and injury from adverse events. Results A total of 370 cases of AEs were collected. The root causes of AEs were mainly human factors (43.08%, 224/520), followed by systemic factors (30.96%, 161/520), and patient factors were the lowest (25.96%, 135/520). Forty-four cases (11.89%, 44/370) were emergent operations; 37 cases (10.00%, 37/370) occurred at night; 243 cases (65.68%, 243/370) could be avoided. According to the different occurrence time, the top four incidence rates were intraoperative (28.11%, 104/370), before anesthesia induction (17.30%, 64/370), during anesthesia induction (13.78%, 51/370), and at the end of surgery (12.97%, 48/370). Eighty AEs (21.62%, 80/370) did not cause injury; 262 cases (70.81%, 262/370) caused temporary minor injury; 15 cases (4.05%, 15/370) caused permanent injury; 13 cases (3.51%, 13/270) caused non-anesthesia related death intraoperatively or within 24 hours after the surgery. Compared with avoidable AEs, the proportion of patient factors (60.26% vs. 11.26%, P < 0.001) and that of non-anesthesia related death intraoperatively or within 24 hours after the surgery (8.66% vs. 0.82%, P < 0.001) in the unavoidable group were higher. Conclusions The root causes of perioperative AEs are mainly human factors, most of which can be avoided and cause temporary mild injury to patients. Strengthening feedback learning of AE, improving personnel training and optimizing system conditions might reduce the incidence of AE and promote perioperative safety and quality.

Pediatric ambulatory surgery can minimize the separation of pediatric patients from their parents, relieve anxiety, and offer care at a reduced cost. However, children are prone to experiencing pain, nausea, vomiting, delirium, and other complications after anesthesia and ambulatory surgery due to their anatomical and physiological characteristics. So, standardized postoperative management is critical to ensure the safety of children and improve the medical quality of pediatric ambulatory surgery. This article reviews new progress in research on common postoperative complications and discharge criteria of pediatric ambulatory surgery.

Temperature field and thermal-structure coupling stress field calculation were conducted to a main steam safety valve prototype for nuclear power stations using finite element software Ansys,and the stress of the valve subjected to operating pressure load and thermal stress was in compliance with the stress evaluation criteria. In addition,alternating stress of the pressure components for the specified cyclic operation application of loads and thermal stresses were calculated,and fatigue analysis was evaluated according to RCC-M code. Results indicate that the valve prototype is able to meet the requirements of fatigue failure criteria for the specified cycles and would have good prospects in engineering applications.

A new type of frictionless synchronizer is designed，and its three-dimensional model is built by using the software CATIA. The three-dimensional model is imported into Adams to establish a virtual prototype model and a two-gear pure electric vehicle model is built in Matlab/Simulink which is used to simulate the speed synchronization and backing process of the new synchronizer. The simulation results show that the jerk produced by the new type of synchronizer in the speed synchronization and backing process is reduced and the required time of speed synchronization and backing is also greatly reduced，which reduce the power interruption and shift frustration in the process of automobile shift，comparing with the traditional synchronizer which relies on friction to achieve speed synchronization. Finally，the influence of vehicle speed in synchronization process, helical spring stiffness and shift force for the synchronization process of frictionless synchronizer is analyzed.

Solar-driven seawater evaporation has been considered an effective strategy to solve the freshwater crisis, but natural seawater contains oil and organic contaminants that adhere easily to photothermal film during long-term evaporation, thus deteriorating the evaporation performance. To achieve long-term anti-fouling evaporation, we reported the construction of TiO2-coated carbon fiber cloth (CFC) with photothermal/photocatalytic features. TiO2 nanorods (diameter: ~0.47 μm, length: ~1.49 μm ) were in-situ grown on CFC (as substrate material) surface by a hydrothermal method. CFC/TiO2 fabric shows super-hydrophilic and super-oleophobic performance, and it displays a strong photoabsorption in a wide range (280 to 2500 nm) with an absorption efficiency of 88%. CFC/TiO2 also exhibits photocatalytic activity toward organic pollutants under simulated sunlight, for instance, 73% of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) could be degraded within 200 min. Subsequently, CFC/TiO2 is hanging between the seawater tank and the empty tank to form a hanging-model evaporator. Under simulated sunlight (1 kW/m²) irradiation, part of the seawater can be evaporated at a high rate of 1.68 kg/(m²·h), while the concentrated seawater can drip from the fabric bottom, avoiding solid-salt crystallization during long-term evaporation. Therefore, the photothermal/photocatalytic fabric has the potential to promote solar desalination towards practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spent hydroxyl iron oxide desulfurizer was taken as the research object, and on the basis of analysis of its composition, Cr in wastewater was treated with Fees, and the chromium was removed by alkali neutralization and precipitation. Under the optimum treatment conditions, the mass concentration of Cr decreased from 10. 00 mg/L to 0. 42 mg/Land the removal rate reached 95. 8%. Under the optimal treatment conditions, two kinds of chroming-containing wastewater from an electroplating workshop in Jinzhou were treated. The ma's concentration of Cr, the ma's concentration of total chromium and the pH of the treated effluent met the "Standards for Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge" of GB 8978. It is expected to achieve the goal of treating waste with waste of waste hydroxyl iron oxide desulfurizer in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to better evaluate the physical properties of slim cigarettes, correlation analysis and principal component analysis(PCA) were used to analyze a series of indexes such as cigarette weight, draw resistance, hardness, ventilation rate, tobacco loss from cigarette end, and percentage of loose end cigarette from 200 batches of slim cigarettes. A comprehensive method for evaluating the physical properties of slim cigarettes was established. The results showed that: 1) Three principal components were extracted by PCA(PC1: 32.301%, PC2: 30.623%, PC3: 13.774%), and their cumulative contribution rate of variance was 76.699% . Among them, PC1 reflected the deviation rate of the indexes, PC2 reflected the coefficients of variation of the indexes, and PC3 reflected the tobacco loss from cigarette end and the percentage of loose end cigarette. 2) A cigarette physical property evaluation model was established, and the cigarette physical property scores were classified into four categories: excellent, good, moderate, and poor. 3) Sample 8# had the highest score of 93.02 and belonged to the excellent quality category, while sample 15# had the lowest score of 59.94 and belonged to the poor quality category. Based on the scores of the test samples, the physical properties of slim cigarettes from different batches, machines and shifts could be systematically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】With the continuous emergence of information-based bandwidth-consuming services such as 5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology (5G), the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, people’s demand for high-speed information transmission has increased dramatically. However, due to the inherent nonlinear effects, the transmission capacity of single-mode optical fiber has approached the Shannon limit, and it will no longer be able to meet people’s needs for ultra-high-speed and large-capacity transmission. Solving the transmission capacity problem has become a top priority. In order to solve the needs of large-capacity communication systems and long-distance high-speed transmission problems, we have built a two-mode single-channel C-band Few Mode Fiber (FMF) transmission system.【Methods】At the transmitting end, an arbitrary waveform generator is used to convert the digital signal into an electrical signal and drive the In-phase and Quadrature (IQ) modulator to modulate the optical carrier. The modulated signal is transmitted simultaneously using two multiplexing technologies: Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM) and Polarization Division Multiplexing (PDM). In order to achieve long-distance transmission of dual-mode signals of 1 000 km, we construct a dual-circulation loop system. Each time the signal passes through the loop, it will pass through a 50 km FMF. After being transmitted to the target distance, the coupler outputs the signal to the demultiplexing module, and the coherent optical receiver performs homodyne detection on the demultiplexed modulated signal. Finally, the transmitted signal is stored in an oscilloscope for offline Digital Signal Processing (DSP). The signal is sequentially subjected to frequency domain dispersion compensation, downsampling, clock recovery, and least mean square algorithm to restore the original signal.【Results】It was found that within the range of Optical Signal-to-Noise Ratio (OSNR) of each channel in the experiment, the Bit Error Rate (BER) under low Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) is close to the theoretical channel result. Under high SNR condition, the BER is 1×10-2, which is 2.5 dB away from the theoretical value. We test the BER of LP11a and LP11b modes at Back-To-Back (BTB) and 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 km transmission cases respectively. The BER at all distances are lower than the Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) soft decision threshold with 28% redundancy (5.2×10-2 Soft Decision - Forward Error Correction (SD-FEC)). The BER after 1 000 km transmission in the two modes are 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 respectively, and the total net transmission rate is 400 Gbit/s.【Conclusion】This article demonstrates the transmission of a 32 Gbaud MDM-PDM-16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) C-band signal in a 1 000 km two-mode single-channel FMF system. At the receiving end, the advanced Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)-DSP algorithm is used for channel equalization, and the obtained two-mode BER of 1.7×10-2 and 1.8×10-2 are both lower than the LDPC SD-FEC threshold with 28% redundancy. The result reachs a domestic record of 400 Gbit/s net transmission rate based on FMF transmission, and highlight the potential of FMF in large-capacity long-distance transmission.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the extraction solvent and compare the distribution of functional ingredient and antioxidant activities in different parts of Penthorum chinense pursh. Methods: the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity and individual phenolic compounds content in Penthorum chinense pursh were determined and analyzed. Results: The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content increased and then decreased with the increase of solvent concentration. The seven main phenolic compounds （catechin, rutin, pinocembrin-7-O-glucoside, quercetin, kaempferol, pinocembrin and thonningianin A）, ABTS radical scavenging ability, and ferric ion reduction ability were the highest in 80% ethanol extract. The contents of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, ABTS radical scavenging ability, DPPH radical scavenging ability and ferric ion reducing ability of different parts of Penthorum chinense pursh were flower > leaves > stem. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity of flower and stem decreased significantly with the increasing of storage time, while leaves were relatively stable. In addition, the antioxidant activities of Penthorum chinense pursh were significantly positively correlated with total phenolic content, catechin, isoquercetin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, afzelin, and pinocembrin-7-O-glucoside （P < 0.01）. Conclusion: 80% ethanol appears the most effective for polyphenol extraction in Penthorum chinense pursh, and the leaves have the great potential for development and utilization with high content and stable antioxidant activity.

In order to improve the cell compatibility and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloys，it was expected to prepare a biodegradable medical material in this work.Herein，a composite coating containing resveratrol-hydroxyapatite (BLLC-HA) was prepared on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy through a biomimetic mineralization method with the induction effect of resveratrol.Potentiodynamic polarization tests and hydrogen release tests were used to test the corrosion resistance of the coatings.Meanwhile，the MTT method and cell morphology observation method were used to evaluate the human cell compatibility of the samples.The potentiodynamic polarization test results showed that the corrosion potential of AZ31-BLLC-HA (Ecorr ＝-1.152 V) increased by 247 mV compared with the AZ31 group (Ecorr ＝-1.399 V)，and the corrosion current density decreased by three orders of magnitude.The hydrogen release test showed that the average hydrogen release rate in the AZ31 and AZ31-BLLC-HA groups was 1.41 mL/(cm2·d) and 0.41 mL/(cm2·d)，respectively.Moreover，the MTT results showed that the highest cell increment rate was found in AZ31-BLLC-HA，which was significantly higher than that in the negative controls.From the above，it could be obtained that the corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy containing hydroxyapatite-resveratrol composite coating was significantly improved，and the degradation rate of this composite material in the simulated body fluid was significantly reduced.Besides，the AZ31 magnesium alloy containing hydroxyapatite-resveratrol composite coating had good cell compatibility.Generally，this composite coating could provide a new idea for functionalization of the surface of medical biomaterials.

In order to evaluate suitable morphology for cut tobacco strands in demi-slim cigarettes, the morphology of cut tobacco strands was characterized by the characteristic length. The relationships of the characteristic length with the quality indexes and consistency of finished demi-slim cigarettes were analyzed with tobacco morphology control technology. The results showed that: 1) When the characteristic length of tobacco strands(before rolling)was in the range of 2.35-2.85 mm, the consistency of physical indexes of the cigarettes was better. 2) The loose end percentage, density standard deviation and density distribution consistency coefficient η of the cigarettes all decreased first and then increased with the reduction of the characteristic length. 3) When the characteristic length of tobacco strands (before rolling) was in the range of 2.35-2.80 mm, loss of tobacco from the end of cigarette and combustion cone falling propensity were lower, and the distribution consistency of dynamic draw resistance fluctuated to a certain degree. 4) Considering the differences between tobacco blends, the consistencies of physical indexes and density of demi-slim cigarettes were improved and the loose end percentage, combustion cone falling propensity and loss of tobacco from the end of cigarette were lower when the characteristic length of tobacco strands (before rolling)was in the range of 2.35-2.85 mm and the frequency of roll screen was between 37-47 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the processing quality of cut stem, the effects of five processing parameters, including stem screening, stem flattening, cut width, expansion intensity (ratio of gas to material) and drying means, on the quality of flake-shaped cut stem and roller cutting stem were investigated. A stem processing procedure, which included stem screening, roller cutting, and related loosening and spreading operating steps but included no stem flattening step, was proposed and verified via practical application. The results showed that: 1) Stem screening promoted the physical quality of flake-shaped cut stem, increased the proportion of long cut stem, and reduced the proportions of integral, medium, short and broken cut stems. 2) Compared with cut flattened stem, the form coefficient of flake-shaped cut not flattened stem presented an upward trend, and the cut stem showed batter softness and shatter resistance. 3) With the increase of expansion intensity, the form coefficient of flake-shaped cut stem raised. When cut width was 0.15 mm and the ratio of gas to material was 0.33, flake-shaped cut stem had relatively better processing endurance and the best shatter resistance. 4) Compared with cylinder drying, pneumatic drying would give flake-shaped cut stem better form coefficient and roller cutting stem had higher filling value and elasticity. 5) Compared with conventional cut stem, roller cutting stem featured smaller size, good filament-like appearance, higher size uniformity and width, and good compatibility and smoking quality. This study provides a support for improving the uniformity of cigarette blends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural plant anti-ultraviolet finishing agent was prepared by uniform design of three plant extracts : Amaranthus purslane, Solanum annuum and Phellodendron cedar. The ultraviolet absorbable components contained in the three plants were tested and analyzed. The fabrics were finished according to the uniform design scheme and the related indexes were tested. The effects of each component on UPF, TUVA and TUVB were analyzed by DPS regression software. The results showed that there were ultraviolet absorbable components in all three plants by infrared spectrum analysis, and the optimum volume ratio of UV-resistant finishing agent was 19.82%, 74.46%, 5.72%, respectively. The UPF, TUVA and TUVB of cotton fabric treated with optimum proportion were 61.02%, 1.39% and 1.61%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of China's energy demand and environmental protection awareness,the installed capacity of green energy represented by intermittent renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics is visible in the upward trend. Large-scale intermittent renewable energy consumption is affected by many factors such as power supply,grid and load. In order to improve the development and utilization rate of renewable energy,appropriate consumption assessment methods should be used to analyze the consumption situation. The analytical method reflects the essence of the intermittent renewable energy consumption problem. The mathematical model of the analytical method is clarified firstly,and the method is assessed in combination with the application of the analytical method. Then,the principle and application of the time series production simulation method and the probabilistic production simulation method are sorted out. These two methods are based on the principle of the analytical method,and they are respectively proposed for the insufficient consideration of the time series characteristics and probabilistic characteristics of intermittent renewable energy consumption during modeling. Although the application of these two methods still has their own limitations,compared with the analytical method,the solution accuracy of the two methods has been greatly improved. Finally,combined with the existing technology,the future research on the assessment method of intermittent renewable energy consumption is prospected,which provides a reference for the modeling,application and improvement of the assessment method.

The concept "zi hua yuan" mentioned in the chapter "Liuyuan Zhengji Dalun" (Major Discussion on the Progress of the Six Climatic Changes) in Suwen (Simple Conversation), had different meanings according to different TCM physicians in history. Some believed that it means enriching the restricted one in "si tian" (celestial control) and "zai quan" (terrestrial effect) of the year, some believed that it means enriching the mother-phase qi of the constrained zang-organ, and other scholars believed that it means enriching the source of transformation of organs like spleen and kidney. Based on an analysis of understanding and development of concept by various TCM physicians, this paper explores the connotation of "zi hua yuan" from the perspective of the relationships of generation and restriction among the five zang-organs. To interpret the connotation of "zi hua yuan" from such perspective provides a brand new way of understanding not only because the appropriate month is selected for enriching the source of transformation according to the five-element attributes of "si tian"and "zai quan" of the year, but also an overall balance among the five zang-organs is maintained based on the relationship among them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the driving efficiency of pure electric vehicles, by using the transmission scheme of two-speed automated mechanical transmission (AMT), a parameter matching model of multi-objective genetic algorithm was developed based on a two-block dual clutch transmission (DCT) electric vehicle. The peak power and peak torque of motor were taken as the integrated design goal. Meanwhile, the parametric matching design of moor was carried out with the vehicle dynamic index as the limited conditions. To improve the pure electric vehicle driving ranges and optimize the trans mission system's efficient working ranges, the minimum power consumption of vehicle integrated conditions was chosen as the design goal. Based on the constraint conditions of vehicle dynamics and ride comfort indexes, a global optimization genetic algorithm was used to optimize the pure electric vehicle performance with two-speed ratio transmission. Then, the comparisons between the pure electric vehicle with AMT matching model and the DCT electric vehicle reference model were presented. The results indicate that the time of 100 kilometer acceleration for the optimized model is reduced by 5.79%, the new European driving cycle (NEDC) operating range mileage is increased by 0.31%, and the mileage of highway fuel economy test (HWFET) operating conditions is increased by 1.44%. Furthermore, it may be seen that the time of 100 kilometer acceleration is reduced by 10.31%, and the mileage of NEDC operating range is increased by 5.85% compared to the DCT reference model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Background and objective】 Previous studies have shown that optimal operation of pumping stations needs to frequently adjust the angle, variable speed, start and stop of pump units. These could result in a great variation in pumping rate between the units, forming a large reflux area or refractive flow in the outlet pool of the station, giving rise to wall erosion. Existing studies did not consider optimization of the erosion of the outlet water flow. Long-term operation of the pumps under such conditions could have serious consequences. The objective of this paper is to investigate the basic requirements of water extraction target realization and unit operation life, how to better balance the economy and safety in the operation process and realize the multi-objective optimization operation of pump station. 【Method】 Nonlinear and multi-objective optimization operation of the pumping station was established with the minimum water extraction cost and the minimum flow unevenness between units in the station as the objectives; the blade placement angle of each unit in each period of the water transfer cycle were the decision variables. Taking Jiangdu No. 4 Station of the Eastern Route of South-to-North Water Diversion as an example, the typical calculation and analysis under different daily head and water lifting load were calculated considering the influence of peak-valley time-of-use price. 【Result】 Comprehensively considering the safety and economy of pumping station operation, under 100%, 80% and 60% water lifting load, the water lifting cost per ten thousand m3 corresponding to the optimal operation scheme of the fourth Jiangdu Pumping Station is saved by 12.44%, 14.26% and 3.69% on average compared with the conventional operation scheme, and the flow unevenness between units is significantly reduced compared with the scheme considering the economic operation target alone. 【Conclusion】 Compared with the single operation cost or the minimum energy consumption commonly used in the research on the optimal operation of cross-basin water transfer pumping stations (groups) in China and abroad, the safety of pumping station operation can be effectively taken into account under the premise of meeting the demand for water supply, and the safety hidden danger in the process of optimal operation of pumping station can be effectively reduced. The research results can be used for reference by the operation and management units of similar projects.

Objective In order to evaluate the forensic efficiencies of 35 InDel loci in Chinese Kyrgyz group and analyze the genetic background of the Kyrgyz. Methods A total of 214 unrelated healthy individuals in Kyrgyz group were investigated using a novel self-developed 35-InDel panel. Allele frequencies and forensic parameters were calculated. The DA, FST values, PCA, phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analyses were utilized to analyze the genetic relationships between Kyrgyz and other reference groups. Results The results showed that the mean He, PIC, DP values of 35 InDel loci in Kyrgyz group were 0.471 9, 0.358 5, 0.605 3, respectively. The combined DP and combined PE values were 0.999 999 999 999 994 and 0.998 2, respectively. Conclusion The results re‐vealed that these 35 InDel loci showed high genetic diversities in Kyrgyz group, hence, could be utilized as a robust tool for individual identification in Kyrgyz individuals. Moreover, Chinese Kyrgyz group is relatively close tothe Kazak group revealed by the present population genetic results.

Place perception is a key problem in the robot semantic map research area, and a comprehensive survey of place perception related to indoor semantic mapping is presented in this paper. Firstly, a descriptive definition of place concept is given according to the latest research literature. On the other hand, some similar terms and concepts involved in this research are discriminated in order to clarify the research object and theme. Then, the existing methods are classified in terms of the clues which are used to implement the place perception targets. There are mainly three categories: the methods based on geometry information of environmental layout, the methods based on visual information of environmental layout, and the methods based on user guiding information. Each category can be further divided into some sub-categories according to the characteristics of used information. Besides, some particular methods are also described as an additional category. The ideas and principles used in all methods for solving place perception problem are comprehensively introduced, and the characteristics and limitations of these methods are also pointed out. Finally, some potential issues are analyzed, and probable future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to explore the changes and coupling characteristics of carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and microbial C, P in a hillslope cropland of purple soil. The results showed that total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from 90.8 to 100.8 g • kg-1 under organic fertilizer or straw combined with inorganic fertilizer treatments (including N, NP and NPK) as compared with nitrogen (N) application only (62.2 g • kg-1). Total phosphorus (TP) ranged from 0.65 to 0.84 g • kg-1 in organic combined with inorganic fertilization treatments, and that under straw combined with inorganic fertilizer treatments was 23%-38% of organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilization treatments. The microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) under N fertilizer was significantly decreased as compared with combined fertilization treatments. The ratios of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) to MBP under combined fertilization treatments were between 5 to 26, and the TOC/TP ratios under organic fertilizer and straw combined treatments were between 92 to 137 and 296 to 653, respectively, while those under N fertilizer treatment were 59 and 2000, respectively. The results indicated that combined organic and inorganic fertilizers would be helpful for enhancing P availability and increasing its potential capacity in purple soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the content and composition of soil humus in pure forest change due to its simple component of litter and specificity of single-species dominant community is a key problem for forest sustainable management. In this study, soils from 6 kind of pure forests in semi-arid low-hilly area of Inner Mongolia were collected and their humus and other biochemical properties were measured to investigate the differentiation of soil humus and the impact factors. The results showed that the soil of Picea asperata and Betula platyphylla pure forests had the highest contents of humus and better condensation degrees and stabilities, followed by that of Populus simonii, Larix principis-rupprechtii and Ulmus pumila pure forests, while the soil of Pinus tabuliformis pure forest had the lowest content of humus, condensation degree and stability. There were significant positive correlations between soil microorganism biomass, activity of phosphatase and the content and stability of soil humus. In contrast, the soil peroxidate, dehydrogenase activity and soil humus content showed significant negative correlations with each other. Furthermore, the enhancement of dehydrogenase activity might decrease the stability of humus. There were significant positive correlations between available N and the content and stability of soil humus, but total Cu, Zn and Fe had negative correlations with them, and total Cu and Fe might reduce the stability of humus as well. The particularity of pure forest environment and litter properties might be the key inducement to soil humus differentiation, thus reforming the pure forest through mixing with other tree species or planting understory vegetation would be the fundamental way to improve the soil humus composition and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of HIF-2α silencing by transfection of siRNA into MG-63 cells under hypoxia. Methods HIF-2α expression level in MG-63 cells under hypoxia was determined by Western Blot. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to construct MG-63/siHIF-2a (siHIF-2α) cells and control MG-63/scramble (NC) cells. The expression levels of HIF-2α, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), p-Erk/ErK and Mcl-1 in MG-63, NC and siHIF-2α cells was determined by Western Blot. NC and siHIF-2α cells were cultured under hypoxia. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Migration was identified by scratch migration assay. Tumor formation was identified by clone formation assay. Nude mouse subcutaneous xenograft model was used to investigate tumor development in vivo. Results Hypoxia improved HIF-2α expression in MG-63 cells in a time-dependent manner (F=2 037.412, P<0.001). HIF-2α expression under hypoxia in siHIF-2acells was lower than that in NC cells (P<0.01). Cell viability of siHIF-2α cells under hypoxia for 12 h and 24 h were lower than that in NC cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The relative width of scratch in siHIF-2α group under hypoxia for 12 h and 24 h were larger than that in NC group (P<0.01 or P<0.01). When cell counts reach 1 000-5 000, the clone formation rates of siHIF-2α cells were lower than that in NC cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of VEGF, p-Erk/Erk and Mcl-1 protein under hypoxia in siHIF-2α cells was lower than that in NC cells(P<0.01). Tumor sizes, weights and density of siHIF-2α group in nude mice were suppressed compared with those in NC group (P<0.01). Conclusion Blocking HIF-2α signal pathway warrants its investigation as a potential strategy in osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The humus soils were collected from Betula platyphylla and Quercus liaotungensis pure plantations and woodless land separately where the site conditions were basically the same, and taken as medium for potting culture test of 9 kinds of shrubs or herbs in plastic greenhouse to assess the allelopathic effects of humus soils of pure plantations on shrubs or herbs. Humus soils from B. platyphylla plantation significantly inhibited the seed germinations of Medicago sativa and Melilotus officinalis, decreased the catalase (CAT) activity of M. officinalis, Coronilla varia, M. sativa and Lespedeza davurica, and improved malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in seedlings of Caragana korshinskii, C. varia and Astragalus adsurgens. The biomass growths of C. varia, Amorpha fruticosa, M. sativa, M. officinalis and A. adsurgens in humus soils from B. platyphylla plantation were significantly decreased by 48. 2%, 45. 1%, 44. 3%, 37. 3% and 36. 0%, respectively. In addition, humus soil of Q. liaotungensis plantation significantly decreased the germination rates of M. sativa and A. adsurgens, the chlorophyll contents of Vicia villosa, A. fruticosa and M. sativa, and improved malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in seedlings of Lespedeza davurica, Caragana korshinskii, M. officinalis and A. adsurgens. The biomass growths of A. adsurgens, M. sativa, M. officinalis and A. fruticosa were significantly decreased by 52. 6%, 43. 8%, 35. 5% and 34. 6%, respectively. B. platyphylla plantation humus soil had obvious inhibition effects on M. sativa, M. officinalis and A. fruticosa, while Q. liaotungensis plantation humus soil had obvious inhibition effects on M. sativa, A. adsurgens and A. fruticosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overland runoff is a main factor causing soil erosion ion hillslope, and runoff modeling is an effective way to predict soil erosion for conservation of the hillslope cropland of purple soil. The model of Soil Conservation Service-curve number (SCS-CN) is widely used for predicting direct runoff discharge based on measured rainfall, and also used as a runoff-estimating component of more complex watershed models. As a basic input parameter in the SCS-CN model, the curve number greatly affects the predictive value of runoff depth, and the initial abstraction ratio (λ) that was assumed to be o 0.2 in the original development of SCS-CN model. When applied in the hillslope areas, few attempts have been made to incorporate a slope gradient factor into the CN method although slope gradient exerts great influence on discharge of overland runoff according to relevant studies. In addition, the initial abstraction ratio is considered to be a constant in many applications, although lots of studies revealed that variations of the ratio exist in different conditions. In this study, the relationship between runoff and slope gradient was revealed by analyzing observed data of 5 rainfall-runoff events in 2013 from experimental plots with slopes varying from 6.5° to 25°. The existing approaches integrating slope gradient factor in the SCS-CN model were directly evaluated for simulating the rainfall-induced runoff in the hillslope cropland of purple soil. Meanwhile, the initial abstraction ratio was optimized considering the influence of rainfall volume. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E) and relative error (RE) were used in the simulation results evaluation. The results indicated that the observed discharge of runoff increased obviously with the increase of slope gradient in a rainfall event, and the runoff discharge achieved maximum at a critical slope. For our experimental conditions, the slope-modified SCS-CN method proposed by Williams overestimated the runoff depths with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E) of 0.76. The initial abstraction ratio (λ) of 0.2 was applicable to estimate small rainfall-runoff events based on the equation proposed by Huang. For the large rainfall-runoff events, the slope-adjusted CN method put forward by Huang performed better with increasing initial abstraction ratio (λ). It appeared to be appropriate for overland runoff prediction in hillslope cropland of purple soil when the value of λ was equal to 0.3 in the case of large rainfall-runoff events, according to the values of Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (E=0.99) and mean relative error (RE=7.42%). Runoff discharge observed and estimated by the modified model achieved relatively good agreement in each rainfall-runoff event with mean relative error of 7.58%, 7.93%, 8.92%, 5.98%, and 7.13%, respectively. The results also revealed that the validated curve numbers calculated from the equation developed by Huang were 78.23, 78.45, 78.77, 79.11, and 79.47 for each slope gradient from 6.5°to 25°, respectively. This study provides valuable information for rainfall-runoff estimation and soil and water conservation in the hilly area of purple soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the traditional media, new media has some unique characteristics such as diversification of communication subject, abatement of dissemination hierarchy, flexibility of dissemination means, folksonomy-based of dissemination contents and enhancement of dissemination timeliness. The application of new media, has made a profound impact on the ideas, learning styles, communication methods and life experience of college students. In the era of new media, the universities must strengthen the cultural consciousness, seize the opportunity and respond to challenges, enhance the initiative of culture construction. It should be necessary to establish university culture adapt to the new media environment, reform the curriculum design to absorb knowledge of new media and technology into general education, accelerate digital campus construction to strengthen the control of new media, adhere and reshape the university spirit to reinforce the education of core values, enrich the cultural activities on campus to repair interpersonal networks, strengthen Information monitoring and value guidance to create a good public opinion environment for the construction of university culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of establishing natural reserve is to protect its natural resources from human disturbances and maintain its critical ecological service values. This paper introduced the concept of hemeroby, and by using remote sensing technology, systematically assessed the dynamic changes of landscape pattern and eco-disturbance degree in Shuangtai estuary wetland of Liaoning Province, China. Firstly, a knowledge-based expert system was used to classify the landscape into three first-level types based on eco-disturbance degree, i.e., undisturbed, partially disturbed, or completely disturbed, which were further classified into 30 second-level categories. Secondly, questionnaire and experts knowledge were adopted to determine the hemeroby index for each landscape type and to formulate a landscape classification system. Finally, the landscape classification maps and hemeroby indices were derived by using the Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data acquired on 30 April 1987, 7 June 1995, 12 June 2000, and 11 October 2006. The results indicated that from 1987 to 2006, the landscape patches in the study area became more fragmented, being most obvious for reed marsh. Undisturbed landscape type decreased in area, while partially and completely disturbed types were in adverse. The overall characteristics of the spatial distribution of hemeroby index were of most variable in the areas along the river and surrounding the estuary and being the highest in the areas surrounding the city, largely due to the rapid urbanization and the blooming fishery in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]