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The sodium-cooled fast reactor uses liquid metal sodium as the coolant, and the entire external and internal refueling operations are carried out in a fully enclosed environment, and the operation process of the components is not visible. To ensure the correctness of the sodium-cooled fast reactor components, the design converted the component number into a two-dimensional DataMatrix (DM) code and marked it on the head position of the component through direct identification technology (DPM). An industrial advanced and reliable code reading device (reader) was installed on the new component transfer equipment (new component loader). When the new component was put into the reactor, the code was automatically recognized by the reader, and the component code was converted into a component number and transmitted to the fuel operation monitoring system through communication. The monitoring system compared it with the component numbers in the refueling plan to determine whether the transported new components were correct, improving the reliability and safety of component operations. To determine the size and depth of component codes, 16 component codes consisting of 4 sizes and 4 depths were provided as the test sample library based on the engineering site conditions. In order to determine the optimal component code from the experimental sample library, combined with the engineering site conditions, four main factors affecting the determination of component code were analyzed and summarized through enumeration method: installation angle of code reading equipment, offset angle, component type, and component movement speed. Since these four factors had no interaction with each other, a single factor experimental plan was determined that each experiment only changed one influencing factor, and the rest were fixed as fixed values, which were constant factors. There are a total of 7 tests: control rod assembly code reading test, fuel rod assembly code reading test, reader installation angle code reading test, control rod coding offset angle test, fuel rod coding offset angle test, control rod coding motion test, and fuel rod coding motion test. The judgment basis for each experiment is that the average reading time and maximum reading time of the code reader are less than 500 ms, and the success rate of reading is 100%. Through the first two experiments, the experimental sample library was preliminarily optimized, and then the optimized sample library was used for testing the installation angle of the code reader to screen out the optimal installation angle. Then, the sample library was further streamlined and optimized through encoding offset angle experiments, and finally, the optimal component encoding was determined through encoding motion experiments.

Biological aerosols are a special type of aerosols in the atmosphere, which have carcinogenic and teratogenic properties. Real-time detection and identification of biological aerosols is the prerequisite for biological warning and forecasting. The design of bipolar time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzer is required to realize miniaturized vehicle bioaerosol mass spectrometer, with the mass range above 300 and mass spectrometry resolution at least 500. In this study, the exponential pulse delay elicitation technique was applied to the design of miniaturized TOF. Combined with SIMION 2020 software, the particle flight trajectory under the condition that the velocity dispersion was a Gaussian distribution with a peak value of 800 m/s and a spatial dispersion of 0.3 mm were simulated. The particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was used to automatically optimize the voltage and delay time of the TOF. Under the optimized delay time of 130 ns, the resolution of more than 500 could be achieved in the full mass range even if the spatial dispersion and energy dispersion were in extreme cases, and mass deviation between different particles could be controlled within 0.4 u. The impact of normal square wave pulse delay extraction and exponential pulse delay extraction on the resolution of ions formed by a single particle was compared and analyzed. The results showed that exponential pulse delay extraction improves the resolution in the full mass range significantly better than square wave pulse. The effect of particle ionization position on mass spectrometry resolution was simulated when the particle was in the center of the spot and at the limit of 0.15 mm to left and right of the spot. The result showed that the resolution was different, but still better than 500. The detection of black carbon particles showed that the miniaturized TOF could obtain a resolution of more than 500 in the full mass range, which met the resolution requirements of the vehicle bioaerosol mass spectrometer. Although the flight length of the small TOF is 67% of that of SPAMS 0525, the resolution could reach more than 1.2-1.7 times due to the use of exponential pulse delay extraction technology. This study provides a design for a small time-of-flight mass analyzer, and indicates that there is still room for further reduction the size of time-of-flight mass analyzer for the miniaturized bioaerosol mass spectrometry. This study lays a research foundation for further reduction the volume of the subsequent bioaerosol mass spectrometer.

The environmentally friendly ternary microetching system of MnO2-H2SO4-H2O was employed to microetch the surface of polypropylene plastic (PP) matrix， in order to provide reasonable conditions for subsequent electroless copper plating and electrocoppering. The surface morphology of PP matrix before and after microetching was observed by field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM)， the hydrophilicity of PP matrix surface was measured by surface contact angle meter， and the adhesive strength between PP matrix and copper coating film was measured by 90 ° peel method. Furthermore， the influence of microetching treatment on the surface morphology， hydrophilicity and adhesive strength of PP matrix was analyzed to determine the reasonable microetching treatment conditions of PP matrix. Results showed that under the conditions of a microetching temperature of 80 ℃， a MnO2 content in microetching solution of 80 g/L， VH2SO4 ∶VH2O ＝3.0 ∶1.0， and a microetching time of 100 min， the surface microetching effect of PP matrix was good. After a microetching at a temperature of 80 oC， the surface contact angle of PP matrix was reduced from 91.7° to 62.6° and the surface hydrophilicity was improved；many uniform and compact micropores appeared on the surface of PP matrix； and the adhesive strength between the copper coating and PP matrix reached 3.5 N/cm， indicating that the adhesive strength was significantly improved. Therefore， the MnO2-H2SO4-H2O system was an environmentally friendly effective microetching system for the PP surface.

This paper proposes a low-power keyword spotting (KWS) system to overcome the problem of high-power consumption caused by deploying KWS algorithms on edge computing hardware, which can significantly impact the endurance of mobile devices. The proposed KWS system is based on computing-in-memory (CIM) technology and software-hardware co-design. In terms of algorithm, a ternary quantized MFCC-CNN joint algorithm based on the standard MFCC algorithm topology is proposed. All the general matrix multiplication (GEMM) in MFCC is mapped to the neural network accelerator. At the circuit level, the proposed system uses a computing-in-memory (CIM) core based on SRAM to overcome the power and memory walls in traditional von Neumann architecture accelerators. Additionally, a SRAM buffer circuit based on a look-up table is proposed to replace the register delay chain, which multiplexes the memory array in the CIM core. Both the SRAM-based CIM core and buffer are implemented using custom circuit units. At the system level, a low-power KWS system is proposed utilizing the two customized circuits discussed above. The system is implemented using ASIC and customized circuit design methods and synthesized using a 28 nm process library. The proposed system achieves a processing delay of 64 ms on 10 classification tasks, with a total power consumption of 645.28 μW. The dynamic power consumption of the MFCC pipeline accounts for 5.9% of the total dynamic power consumption, and the total power consumption accounts for only 1.3% of the system's power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop maltol latent fragrant compounds suitable for heated cigarettes, seven maltol carbonates were synthesized by condensation reaction of maltol with different alcohols. The structures of the products were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry techniques. The pyrolysis behavior of seven maltol carbonates was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and online pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(Py-GC-MS). The results showed that under the optimized conditions, the yields of seven maltol carbonates ranged from 83. 0% and 94. 3%; The synthesized maltol carbonate had mainly two weight loss modes: volatilization and pyrolysis; Upon heating, maltol carbonate could be pyrolyzed to produce maltol, and its pyrolysis ability was closely related to the type of raw material alcohol. Maltol tertiary alcohol and benzyl alcohol carbonate were the most easily pyrolyzed, which could rapidly pyrolyze and release maltol at a relatively low temperature, adapted to the heating temperature of the heated cigarettes. In contrast, maltol secondary alcohol carbonate had weaker pyrolysis ability, while maltol primary alcohol carbonate was difficult to pyrolyze at low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carbon cycle of terrestrial ecosystems is an important element in the study of global and regional climate change and the impact of human activities. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area, as an important ecological environmental protection and restoration area in the Yangtze river basin, plays an extremely important role in global and regional carbon cycle under climate change. Therefore, based on the data of solar radiation, temperature, CO2 concentration and normalized vegetation index from 2000 to 2021, parameters were adjusted based on the C-FIX model, and a terrestrial ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) estimation model were established in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area (Chongqing section). Quantitative analysis of the e spatial and temporal characteristics of vegetation NPP from 2000 to 2021 was conducted using the barycenter model and trend analysis methods. The relative roles of climate change and human activities in influencing NPP were quantitatively distinguished using correlation analysis methods combined with the Miami model. The results showed that: (1) NPP in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2021, and the regional mean annual NPP increased from 666.02gC·m-2·y-1 to 809.04gC·m-2·y-1 from 2000 to 2021, with an increase of 17.68%. (2) The spatial distribution of NPP in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area gradually decreased from northeast to southwest, with an average annual NPP value of 762.3gC·m-2·y-1, among which the area with NPP >800gC·m-2·y-1 accounted for 46% of the total area of the study area, and was mainly distributed in the area of 400-900m altitude. (3) The NPP center of gravity in the study area showed a trend of moving from southwest to northeast, indicating that the NPP increment and growth rate of vegetation in the northeast part of the study area were higher than that in the central and western part of the study area during this period. (4) The changes of vegetation NPP in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area were more sensitive to the effect of temperature, and the partial correlation coefficients between vegetation NPP and annual temperature range from -0.68 to 0.94, with the proportion of positively correlated areas being as high as 95.6%, and the partial correlation coefficients between vegetation NPP and annual precipitation range from -0.83 to 0.82, with the proportion of positively correlated areas being 75.7%, which were located in the majority of the areas along the north side of the Yangtze River, and the majority of the areas in Wulong and Fuling. (5) There was significant spatial heterogeneity in the relative roles of climate change and human activities on the changes of vegetation NPP in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, and the areas in the state of vegetation recovery accounted for 93.63% of the total area, of which 45.24% were affected by climate change, and 46.72% of the areas in the state of vegetation recovery were affected by climate change and human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of pediatric brain tumors is an important branch of pediatric neurosurgery. Children's brain tumors are treated differently from adults because of the unique structure of their physical development. This paper reviews the milestones in the treatment of children's brain tumors at home and abroad and discusses the key technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of children's brain tumors, so as to look into the future. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.04.003

For problems that current remote start and stop equipment in communication control system for coal mining face displays little information and cannot change system mode, an intelligent remote start and stop equipment based on keyboard input and LCD was designed. The device not only can achieve remote start and stop of controlled objects, but also can change system operating mode, which accelerates promoting of security and user friendliness of communication control system for coal mining face.

The quantity of rubble revetment works is huge and the dynamic characteristics are prominent in the rapidly changing area of the Yangtze River. It is of great significance to study the change of flow conditions in the river reach to evaluate the implementation effect of the project and analyze the influence of river regime change. In this paper, based on Delft3D software, the influence of the rubble revetment project on the water level, flow velocity and diversion ratio of the nearby reach is studied by using the planar two-dimensional flow mathematical model. The results show that after the implementation of the project, the variation range of water level is generally within 0.01 m, and the variation range of water level at the low-water slack is slightly higher than that at the high-water slack. The flow in the river is affected by run-off and presents a relatively regular water level change situation. The flow velocity changes are mainly concentrated on the rubble-throwing engineering area, regardless of the rising hour or the falling hour, and the maximum amplitude of the flow velocity is about 0.3 m/s, which mainly shows the law that the flow velocity in the rubble-throwing area decreases and the flow velocity in the deep groove increases. The implementation of the project impedes the flow of Liuhaisha Channel and reduces its diversion ratio. The diversion ratio of Rugao middle branch and Rugao left branch increases, and the influence of the project on the flood tide is greater than that of the ebb tide. The results can provide reference for the Yangtze River Channel management and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, the relationship between xiqu illustration and stage performance in the Ming dynasty has attracted increased scholarly attention. The conclusions, "performing in accordance with pictures" and "drawing in accordance with performances", have almost become a self-evident consensus in the history of ancient Chinese printmaking. However, if we re-examine this issue from an interdisciplinary perspective of art history and theatre history, we will find that it is a pseudo-proposition raised to meet specific standards. Xiqu actors did not "perform in accordance pictures", which was booksellers' advertising strategy. On the other hand, the problem of "drawing in accordance with performances" is that scholars are eager to establish a causal chain between the similarities of language format, character movements and composition style, but deliberately avoid the inner reasoning of art history. Just like illustrations of other genres, xiqu illustrations in the Ming dynasty were delineations that imitate scenes of life rather than stage performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of pediatric brain tumors is an important branch of pediatric neurosurgery. Children's brain tumors are treated differently from adults because of the unique structure of their physical development. This paper reviews the milestones in the treatment of children's brain tumors at home and abroad and discusses the key technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of children's brain tumors, so as to look into the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic fermented organic materials fluid (AFOF) could alleviate apple replant diseases. In this study, bacteria from AFOF was screened which could antagonize the main pathogenic fungi (Fusarium sofani, F. proliferatum, F. oxysporum, F. moniliforme). The effects of the antagonistic bacteria were verified by pot experiment. The results showed that AFOF could significantly inhibit the pathogenic fungi growth and reproduction. Four strains (L11, L12, L13, L14) with strong inhibition activity were obtained from AFOF by the confrontation test, with the highest inhibitory rate being up to 57.3%. All the four strains were Bacillus, with no obvious antagonism each other. Both antagonistic bacteria and methyl bromide fumigation could promote the biomass of Malus hupenhensis seedling compared with continuous cropping soil. Methyl bromide fumigation led to the best growth of M. hupenhensis seedling. The antagonistic bacteria cloud improve root activity, with root length and root tip number increased by 25.1% and 70.9%, respectively. Compared with the continuous cropping soil, antagonistic bacteria and methyl bromide lumigation effectively decreased soil fungi by 71.2% and 64.2%, respectively. Treatment with antagonistic bacteria increased soil bacteria and soil actinomycetes by 48.0% and 140.2%, respectively, indicating that soil microbial community was transformed to "bacteriatype". Treatment with methyl bromide lumigation could significantly reduce soil bacteria and soil actinomycetes, suggesting the antagonistic bacteria could inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi in soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the EM/MVQ foam insulation material was prepared by physical foaming method, using expanded microsphere (EM) as foaming agent and methyl vinyl silicone rubber (MVQ) as matrix. The influence of foaming temperature and amount of foaming agent on the properties of silicone rubber foam material was investigated. And the micro structure and properties of the foam insulation materials were characterized by stereomicroscope, heat conduction coefficient, universal mechanical testing machine and thermogravimetric analyzer. The results show that the optimum foaming temperature of expanded microsphere is 100 °C. The thermal conductivity and tensile strength of EM/MVQ foam insulation decrease as the amount of foaming agent increases. When the amount of foaming agent is 20 g/100 g MVQ, the thermal conductivity and the tensile strength of EM/MVQ foam insulation material are 0.505 W/(m • K) and 1.057 MPa respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the political economics framework, this paper introduced the heterogeneity of local governments into the promotion tournament which leading by central government, improved the traditional promotion game model, and comparatively analyzed the promotion tournament under the conditions of homogeneity and heterogeneity of competitors, this paper had these conclusions: first, remuneration gap between winners and losers was a strong incentive factor, competitors heterogeneity will affect the level of their efforts; second, the heterogeneity of competitors made the output fluctuation no longer always be a bad factor for disadvantage competitors, because the output fluctuation brought disadvantages competitors over advantage competitors opportunity space; third, this paper explained the behavior differences of local governments in the phenomenon of "west strong east weak" on China's economic growth and provided some beneficial implications for governments management reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional polarized and wave-plates experiments such as polarizers and wave-plates have to be adjusted by hand, large amount of data need to be recorded and processed, the procedure is complicated and time-consuming, a computer measurement and control tutoring experimental system was developed. Using a solid semiconductor laser as light source, a hollow precise electronic control rotating platform was actuated by a stepping motor driven by a controUer which communicated with personal computer via USB interface. The laser beam and the rotating platform were aligned on a common axis, a polarizer or wave-plate was mounted and rotated coaxial with the rotating platform, the intensity of the transmiision light through all optical components was detected by a digital optical power meter through a polarizer. The received signal was transmiited into personal computer via another USB interface. The computer controHed the rotation of the polarizer or wave-plate, coHected and stored the intensity data of the transmiision light corresponding to the rotation angle automaticaUy. The testing result can be exported to a report data fileat the end of the experiment and processed by coHege students themselves after class. The novel teaching experiment system is suitable for polarized interference experiment of 1/4 and 1/2 wave-plates and verifying Malus law. It wiil save much time and improve the accuracy of the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the phenomenon of the severely uneven vibration magnitude which is transferred by the test fixture to the Specimen and reduce the deviation of the acceleration rms value, according to the electric vibration table multi--point control principle and the characteristics of a fixture frequency response, a fixture design optimization model was established. Taking a specimen fixture design as an example, the fixture FRF value was calculated by Nastran software, then the optimal design parameters of fixture was obtained according to the optimization model previously mentioned. Optimization results indicated that the mean square deviation of response acceleration and the acceleration rms variation range obtained the optimization method are all significantly smaller then that with the traditional method, while the vibration test results show that the variation range of the acceleration rms measured on the transfer point in the vibration test is basically the same with the result coming form the optimization calculation. It was proved that the proposed optimization method is feasible and practical, and it can provide a practical and theoretical guidance for fixture design in environmental vibration test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

D. H. Lawrence's literary works are imbued with mysticism. One of the reasons for this is that he is strongly influenced by Jewish mysticism, especially Kabbala mysticism. Basing on the symbolic system of Jewish mysticism, Lawrence not only converts mystic concepts like Adam and Shekhinah into the images, archetypes and themes in his works, using literary language to body forth his ideal and assertion, but also constructs, resembling the system of Jewish mysticism, a metaphysical system that is revolving around binary opposition and the pursuance of balance and harmony. Thus, Lawrence brings metaphysical speculation and poetic inspiration into an organic existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free piston shock tunnel is one of high-enthalpy ground facilities for hypersonic test, however the useful test time of this kind tunnel is very short. Increasing the constant-pressure time of piston driver can be regarded as one of the available approach to extend the useful test time of the free piston shock tunnel. For this reason, the relation of the piston velocity and the constant-pressure time in the piston driver was studied in this paper. The results revealed that the constant-pressure time has local maximums with different velocity of piston and initial parameters, which form a ridge curve. Subsequently, the properties of this ridge curve were obtained by numerical analysis. It shows that the optimal or suboptimal design points of this tunnel should be close to the ridge curve, and its gradient of constant-pressure time is small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University timetabling problem (UTP) was analyzed detailedly, an optimization mathematical model of UTP was established, and the framework structure to solve UTP was found. According to characteristics of UTP, GA was introduced, a variety of improved schemes were designed, includes: decimal coding scheme, initial population design scheme, fitness function design scheme, immunization strategy, adaptive crossover probability and adaptive mutation probability design scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed GA can satisfy multiple constraint conditions and resolve UTP more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current study on trusted release policies of confidential information focused on WHAT, WHEN, WHERE and WHO dimensions. Each of them tends to address only one aspect of information release and has some limitations. Hence, it is desirable to combine defense along different dimensions. A trusted release policy combining WHAT, WHERE and WHO dimensions is proposed. The key idea of WHAT dimension of the policy is that attacker is not allowed to increase observations about confidential information by causing misuse of the declassification mechanism. WHERE dimension of the policy controls confidential information is declassified only through the declassification statement, and WHO dimension of the policy prevents the attacker from influencing whether confidential information is released. This release policy has finer granularity of controlling the release of confidential information and can resist the information laundering attack better. Additionally, the type rules are established and proved for the policy enforcement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classic rough set theory solves problems by means of indiscernibility relation, but it is powerless to resolve the sequencing classification problems in which qualitative attributes, quantitative attributes and criteria exist at the same time. In view of this situation, classic rough set theory is extended, and then a decision analysis method based on the extended rough set theory is proposed. This method replaces the indiscernibility relation in original rough set theory with the indiscernibility-similarity-dominance relation and achieves rough approximation of knowledge. An example study shows that the method can effectively resolve the above mentioned problems and can deal with inconsistence in decision table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classic rough sets theory is based on the equivalence relation and not used to applicate incomplete information system. In order to extend the rough sets theory, an improved rough set model based on valued tolerance relation and prior probability obtained out of incomplete information system was presented. As a part of the model, an attribute reduction algorithm applicated incomplete information system was proposed. This algorithm takes the null set as the beginning, does not need core calculating, can save time and space, and simplify the solving process as well. Finally, the model and the attribute reduction algorithm are verified under an incomplete information system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of ubiquitous sensing， real-time communication and precise control technologies in power grids， intelligent substations are enhancing their state sensing and business decision-making capabilities. Meanwhile， the data may be invaded by cyber-attacks and become untrustworthy， thus imperiling the safe operation of power system. This paper constructs the target and method of substation fake data injection attacks （FDIAs） from the attacker's perspective. It analyzes the attack positioning， game and traceability strategy from the defender's perspective. The cyber attack and defense cases for the substation information network show that the proposed attack tracing algorithm can effectively detect the hidden attack behavior and localize and trace cyber attacks on substations.

The food security of China as a big agricultural country is attracting increasing attention. With the progress in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, Chinese medicinal materials and their preparations have been gradually developed as agents for disease prevention and with antimicrobial and insecticidal functions in agriculture. Promoting pesticide innovation by interdisciplinary integration has become the trend in pesticide research globally. Considering the increasingly important roles of green pesticides from traditional Chinese medicines and artificial intelligence in pest target prediction, this paper proposed an innovative green control strategy in line with the concepts of ecological sustainable development and food security protection. CiteSpace was used for visual analysis of the publications. The results showed that artificial intelligence had been extensively applied in the pesticide field in recent years. This paper explores the application and development of biopesticides for the first time, with focus on the plant-derived pesticides. The thought of traditional Chinese medicine compatibility can be employed to creat a new promosing field: pesticides from traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, artificial intelligence can be employed to build the formulation system of pesticides from traditional Chinese medicines and the target prediction system of diseases and pests. This study provides new ideas for the future development and market application of biopesticides, aiming to provide more healthy and safe agricultural products for human beings, promote the innovation and development of green pesticides in China, and protect the sustainable development of the environment and ecosystem. This may be the research hotspot and competition point for the green development of the pesticide industry chain in the future.

Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, the clinical research of auricular acupoint stimulation in the treatment of migraine has gained a lot, and the curative efficacy is definite, but its mechanism remains unclear. In the present paper, we discussed the efficacy of auricular acupoint stimulation including "transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation" (taVNS) in the treatment of migraine in recent years. Through bibliometric analysis, we screened out top 10 auricular acupoints (Shenmen［TF 4 ］, Pizhixia［AT 4 ］, Jiaogan［AH 6a ］, Gan［CO 12 ］, Yidan［CO 11 ］, Neifenmi［CO 18 ］, Shen［CO 10 ］, Nie［AT 2 ］, Zhen［AT 3 ］ and E［AT 1 ］) which were the most frequently used for migraine. Majority of these auricular acupoints just distributed in the region innervated by auricular vagus nerve. Thus, we thought that the analgesic effect of needling these auricular acupoints for migraine was produced by triggering the auricular vagus nerve, and concluded that the central mechanism underlying induction of analgesic effect by activating auricular vagus nerve may be achieved by activating the descending pain regulation pathway of the locus coeruleus nucleus and dorsal raphe nucleus. In addition, taVNS-induced 1) regulation of the activities of brain's default network and pain matrix, 2) activation of the cortical descending pain regulation pathway, and 3) inhibition of the neuroinflammatory response may also contribute to its ameliorating effect of migraine. This paper may provide ideas for the future research on the mechanism of auricular acupoint treatment of migraine.

Objectives: To observe the effect of Guasha on inflammation factors, apoptosis and autophagy in the cartilage tissue of knee joint in rats with knee osteoarthritis (KOA), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying improvement of KOA., Methods: A total of 51 male SD rats were randomized into three groups：blank control, KOA model and Guasha ( n = 17 in each group) . The rats in the blank control group received intra-articular injection of 0.9% NaCl solution in the right knee joint. The KOA model was established by intraarticular injection of glutamate sodium iodoacetic acid in the right knee joint. For rats of the Guasha group, Guasha (at a frequency of 1 time/s, and an applied pressure of 0.3-0.5 kgf) was applied to "Yanglingquan" (GB34) and "Xuehai"(SP10) areas of the right leg, once every other day, for 7 consecutive sessions. The circumference of the right knee was measured, The histopathological changes of right knee cartilage were observed after H.E. staining. The contents of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the right knee articular cartilage tissue were assayed using ELISA. The expression levels of autophagy-related key molecule Beclin-1 (homologous series of yeast Atg6), light chain protease complication 3 type II/I (LC3II/LC3 I), ubiquitin binding factor 62 (P62) and cysteine aspartate protease-3 (Caspase-3) mRNAs and proteins of the right knee articular cartilage tissue were measured using real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and Western blot, separately. The apoptosis of chondrocytes was assayed using TUNEL staining, and the immunoactivity of LC3 determined using immunofluorescence staining., Results: After modeling, the right knee circumfe-rence of the model and Guasha groups was significantly increased compared with the blank control group ( P <0.01), and after the intervention, the knee circumference of the Guasha group was markedly decreased in comparison with that of the model group ( P <0.05). Results of H.E. staining showed obvious degeneration and defects in the cartilage tissue, necrosis of a large number of chondrocytes, fibrous hyperplasia, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration, osteoclast increase, fibroplasia and bone trabecular destruction in the model group, which was relatively milder in the Guasha group. Compared with the blank control group, the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNAs and proteins, and LC immunofluorescence intensity in the right knee articular cartilage tissue were significantly down-regulated ( P <0.01, P <0.001), whereas the expression of P62 and Caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins, the apoptosis rate, contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the right knee articular cartilage tissue considerably increased ( P <0.01, P <0.001) in the model group. In contrast to the model group, the Guasha group had an apparent increase in the expression levels of Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNAs and proteins and LC immunofluorescence intensity in the right knee articular cartilage tissue ( P <0.05), and a pronounced decrease in the expression of P62 and Caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins, the apoptosis rate, and contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the right knee articular cartilage tissue ( P <0.05, P <0.01)., Conclusions: Guasha stimulation of GB34 and SP10 can improve joint cartilage damage in KOA rats, which may be associated with its functions in inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory factors and apoptosis, possibly by down-regulating the expression of P62 and Caspase-3 mRNAs and proteins and up-regulating the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNAs and proteins, and by promoting autophagy of chondrocytes.

Objective To explore the cell subsets and characteristics related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma by analyzing the cellular composition of tumor tissue samples from different osteosarcoma patients.Methods The single-cell sequencing data and bulk sequencing data of different osteosarcoma patients were downloaded.We extracted the information of cell samples for dimensionality reduction,annotation,and cell function analysis,so as to identify the cell subsets and clarify the cell characteristics related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma.The development trajectory of macrophages with prognostic significance was analyzed,and the prognostic model of osteosarcoma was established based on the differentially expressed genes of macrophage differentiation.Results The cellular composition presented heterogeneity in the patients with osteosarcoma.The infiltration of mononuclear phagocytes in osteosarcoma had prognostic significance( P =0.003).Four macrophage subsets were associated with prognosis,and their signature transcription factors included RUNX3(+),ETS1(+),HOXD11(+),ZNF281(+),and PRRX1(+).Prog&#95;Macro2 and Prog&#95;Macro4 were located at the end of the developmental trajectory,and the prognostic ability of macrophage subsets increased with the progression of osteosarcoma.The prognostic model established based on the differentially expressed genes involved in macrophage differentiation can distinguish the survival rate of osteosarcoma patients with different risks( P <0.001).Conclusion Macrophage subsets are closely related to the prognosis of osteosarcoma and can be used as the key target cells for the immunotherapy of osteosarcoma.

Objective: The effects of nano-carbon black on neural behavior and Th17 cell infiltration in mice were investigated by establishing a mice model of subacute dynamic inhalation of carbon black aerosol., Methods: 36 SPF grade male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group(clean air), a low carbon black group(15 mg/m~3), and a high carbon black group(30 mg/m~3). Nano-carbon black particles were blown into the dynamic exposure cabinet by aerosol generator for 28 days. Morris water maze test and open field test were used to detect the neural behavior of mice. The pathological changes of prefrontal cortex in mice were observed by HE staining. The proportion of Th17/CD4~+ cells in peripheral blood and brain tissue of mice was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of interleukin(IL)-17 and IL-23 in the prefrontal cortex of mice., Results: The result of open field test showed that compared with the control group, the central area residence time and standing times of mice in the low and high carbon black groups decreased significantly(P&lt;0.05), and the defecation times of mice in the high carbon black group increased significantly(P&lt;0.05). The central area residence time of mice in the high carbon black group was significantly lower than that in the low carbon black group(P&lt;0.05). The Morris water maze result showed that the escape latency of the high carbon black group mice on the 3rd day was significantly higher than that of the control group(P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, the escape latency of the carbon black group mice on the 4th day was significantly higher than that of the control group(P&lt;0.05). The positioning navigation test showed that the number of mice crossing the platform in the high carbon black group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P&lt;0.05). The HE staining result showed that the neural cells in the prefrontal cortex of the control group mice were round, the cytoplasm was plump and evenly distributed, and the nucleus was clearly visible in an oval shape. The low carbon black group showed that the neural cells were deep staining of nerve cells, blurred structure, and nuclear pyknosis. The high carbon black group further intensified. The flow cytometry result showed that compared with the control group, the percentage of Th17/CD4~+T cells in the peripheral blood of the carbon black group mice was significantly increased, and the high carbon black group mice were significantly higher than the low carbon black group(P&lt;0.05). Meanwhile, the percentage of Th17/CD4~+T cells in the brain tissue of carbon black treated mice significantly increased(P&lt;0.05). The high carbon black group was significantly higher than the low carbon black group(P&lt;0.05). Western blotting result showed that compared with the control group, the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 proteins in the prefrontal cortex of the carbon black group mice brain tissue was significantly increased(P&lt;0.05). Compared with the low carbon black group, the expression of IL-17 and IL-23 proteins in the prefrontal cortex of the high carbon black group mice brain tissue was significantly increased(P&lt;0.05). The difference was statistically significant., Conclusion: Nano-carbon black exposure can lead to an increase in Th17 cells in peripheral blood and brain tissue of mice, which in turn promotes damage to the prefrontal cortex of mice, and ultimately causes neurobehavioral changes in mice.

The purple soil slope farmland is an important agricultural land in southwest China but is also one of the main sources of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Taking reasonable measures to control the loss of soil nutrients is of great significance to the treatment of non-point source pollution in the region. Here, a three-year (2018-2020) field runoff experiment was conducted to monitor and evaluate the phosphorus (P) loss in sloping farmland via surface runoff (i.e., surface flow, 0-20 cm) and subsurface runoff (i.e., subsurface flow, 20-60 cm), with five treatments including no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), optimal fertilization (OF), biochar combined with 85% of OF (BF), and straw combined with 85% of OF (SF). The results showed that fertilization application reduced the sediment yields and surface runoff flux but increased the subsurface runoff flux. The total loss flux of phosphate (PO 3- 4 -P), total phosphorus (TP), and particulate phosphorus (PP) in surface flow were the highest in the BF treatment and the lowest in the SF treatment. All fertilization applications increased the P loss fluxes in subsurface flow relative to that in CK. The highest PO 3- 4 -P and TP loss flux in subsurface flow was found in the BF (213.88 g·hm -2 and 694.54 g·hm -2 , respectively) treatment, followed by that in the OF and SF treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that surface runoff flux and biochar application were the main factors contributing to increased P loss in surface flow, and subsurface runoff flux was the main factor contributing to increased P loss in subsurface flow. In summary, the SF treatment reduced the amount of sediment yield and surface runoff flux in sloping farmland of purple soil and was the most effective for controlling P loss, whereas the risk of subsurface runoff flux requires further attention.

Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-based advanced oxidation processes were widely used for the degradation of organic pollutants. Electron-rich azo dye Acid Orange 7(AO7) was selected as the target organic matter in this work. The differences, influencing factors, efficiency, and mechanisms of a PMS/Co 2+ homogeneous system in the degradation of organic pollutants with two different buffers of boric acid(Lewis acid) and phosphoric acid(Bronstede acid) were investigated. The k value of AO7 degradation in the PMS/Co 2+ homogeneous system with phosphate buffer was greater than that with borate buffer, but the degradation percentage during the first 10 seconds of the reaction was lower in the former case. These differences were affected by buffer concentration, the PMS and Co 2+ dosages, and pH. In the phosphate buffer, ·OH or SO 4 - · contributed to organic degradation in the PMS/Co 2+ system, while in the borate buffer, the nonradical pathway( 1 O 2 ) made a critical contribution to the removal of organics. This study provides a reference for the application of different types of buffers in the homogeneous catalysis of PMS.

Objective: To delineate the clinical feature and genetic basis of four patients with congenital neutropenia., Methods: All patients were subjected to whole exome sequencing (WES). Suspected variants were verified by Sanger sequencing., Results: The patients (two boys and two girls), aged 7 to 15 months, suffered from neutropenia and recurrent infections. Bone marrow smears showed a significant decrease in the proportion of rod-shaped and lobulated granulocytes, which suggested impaired development and maturation of bone marrow neutrophils. WES has discovered heterozygous variants (c.496G>A, c.58C>G, c.391G>A and IVS1+5T>A) of the ELANE gene in the patients. Among these, c.58C>G and IVS1+5T>A were unreported previously. Follow up revealed patients 1 and 3 had periodic neutropenia, while patients 2 and 4 had severe congenital neutropenia. After attaining the definite diagnosis, the patients were treated symptomatically., Conclusion: The main clinical feature of congenital neutropenia is refractory recurrent bacterial infections, for which mutations of the ELANE gene are a common cause. Two novel pathogenic ELANE variants have been discovered in this study.

The reduction in chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers is a national strategy to achieve environmental friendliness and maintain the quality of cultivated land. It is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil pollution and the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, purple soil and sloping land in the Three Gorges Reservoir area was studied. The field experiment method was used to study the control, conventional fertilization, optimized fertilization, biochar (fertilizer combined with biochar), and straw under rapeseed/corn rotation mode. The effects of five treatments on soil nitrogen/phosphorus form, crop nitrogen and phosphorus content, fertilizer utilization rate, and crop yield were studied in the field (fertilizer reduction combined with straw returning). The results showed that the soil ammonium nitrogen content was the highest in the rapeseed season, which was 4.51 mg·kg -1 . The contents of ammonium nitrogen and alkali nitrogen in the treated corn season were significantly higher than those in the rape season. The reduction in chemical fertilizers can guarantee and increase the total nitrogen content of the soil. Among them, the total nitrogen content in the rapeseed and corn seasons treated with straw was the highest (0.56 g·kg -1 and 0.60 g·kg -1 , respectively). The soil treated with straw in the rapeseed season had the highest available phosphorus content (0.76 mg·kg -1 ). Compared with conventional treatment, the reduction of chemical fertilizers combined with organic fertilizer did not significantly reduce the total phosphorus content of soil. The reduction of fertilization combined with organic fertilizer showed a slight increase in yield but showed the highest yield of rapeseed treated by biochar (2328 kg·hm -2 ) and the highest yield of conventionally treated maize (5838 kg·hm -2 ). However, there was no significant difference in each treatment ( P >0.05). Regardless of the rapeseed season or the corn season, the reduction of fertilization treatment generally improved the agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. In the purple soil area, the combination of chemical fertilizer reduction and biochar and straw returning were beneficial to improve soil nutrients, improve fertilizer utilization, and reduce the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer application on crop yield.

To obtain salt-alkali tolerant strains which could be potenially used to improve the quality of saline-alkali soil, soil samples collected from Dongying, Shandong Province were diluted and spread to modified Gibbson medium with pH 9 and salt concentration of 100 g·L -1 . A total of 18 bacteria strains were obtained. By increasing salt concentration and pH, an extremely salt-alkali tole-rant strain N14 was screened which could grow at pH 12 and salt concentration of 20%. We analyzed the morphological, physiological and biochemical characters and 16S rDNA sequence of N14. The strain N14 was identified as Bacillus marmarensis. N14 bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the biomass of wheat, improved shoot height, fresh weight and dry weight by 21.8%, 57.9% and 41.7%, respectively. The addition of N14 bacterial fertilizer significantly increased the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll in wheat by 36.4%, 20.0% and 31.7%, respectively. It significantly increased the activities of invertase, urease and alkaline phosphatase in saline-alkali soil by 23.2%, 68.8% and 106.5%, respectively. It also significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in roots by 109.6%, 17.8% and 50%, respectively. The concentration of malondialdehyde in wheat roots was significantly reduced by 39.8%. This study provided an idea for the application of extreme salt-alkali tolerant bacteria and a way for improvement of saline-alkali soil.

Objective: To identify orthologous lncRNAs in human and mice and the species specificity of their epigenetic regulatory functions., Methods: The human/mouse whole-genome pairwise alignment (hg19/mm10, genome.UCSC.edu) was used to identify the orthologues in 13 562 and 10 481 GENCODE-annotated human and mouse lncRNAs. The Infernal program was used to search the orthologous sequences of all the exons of the 13562 human lncRNAs in mouse genome (mm10) to identify the highly conserved orthologues in mice. LongTarget program was used to predict the DNA binding sites of the orthologous lncRNAs in their local genomic regions. Gene Ontology analysis was carried out to examine the functions of genes., Results: Only 158 orthologous lncRNAs were identified in humans and mice, and many of these orthologues had species-specific DNA binding sites and epigenetic target genes. Some of the epigenetic target genes executed important functions in determining human and mouse phenotypes., Conclusion: s Only a few human and mouse lncRNAs are orthologues, and most of lncRNAs are species-specific. The orthologous lncRNAs have species-specific epigenetic target genes, and species-specific epigenetic regulation greatly contributes to the differences between humans and mice.

Water samples were collected in summer, autumn, winter, and spring in Beihai Lake for the analysis of water quality and microbial community structure. It was found that the water quality in summer and autumn was worse than in winter and spring, and TN and TP were the most important factors affecting the water quality. The microbial community structure was investigated using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the phyla Cyanobacteria, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes were abundant in all the samples, whereas their relative abundances differed among the four seasons. In summer and autumn, the microbial diversities were higher, and the phylum Cyanobacteria was most abundant, with the genus Synechococcus dominant. In winter, the phylum Proteobacteria was dominant. In spring, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were abundant, accounting for 51.5%-64.3% of the bacterial community. The redundancy analysis (RDA) results showed that the microbial communities were mostly affected by water temperature in Beihai Lake. Overall, the water quality of Beihai Lake was qualified for the use of landscape water. However, the abundance of Synechococcus in summer may lead to algal blooms. Thus, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and estimation of water quality in Beihai Lake.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of drug-eluding beads transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) in treatment of unrecectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: The clinical data of 42 consecutive HCC patients undergoing TACE were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 cases received conventional TACE (cTACE group) and 22 cases received TACE with epirubicine-loaded microspheres (CalliSpheres ® ) (DEB-TACE group). MRI scans were performed 1 week before and 1, 3 and 6 months after initial therapy. The response to treatment, disease recurrence, complications and adverse effects were documented and compared between two groups. Results: There were no significant differences in 1-month, 3-month and 6-month objective response rate (CR+PR) and disease control rate (CR+PR+SD), disease recurrence, complications and adverse effects of interventional therapy between cTACE group and DEB-TACE group. Additionally, there were no significant differences about locoregional biliary injuries, intrahepatic biloma, and newly detected intra- or extrahepatic HCC on MRI between cTACE group and DEB-TACE group. Conclusion: There were no statistically significant differences between cTACE group and DEB-TACE group with regard to the short-term response, disease recurrence, complications and side effects. Hepatic-locoregional complications may be more frequent in DEB-TACE group than those in cTACE group.

Objective: To predict orthologous sequences of the GENCODE-identified 13 562 human long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in 16 mammalian genomes and construct a lncRNA database LongMan for lncRNA studies., Methods: The exon structures of a total of 13 562 human lncRNAs were analyzed using RNAfold, and their orthologous sequences were searched against 16 mammalian genomes using Infernal. The potential orthologous genes, transposons and splicing signals of human lncRNAs were predicted to construct a lncRNA database with a updating mechanism., Results: and, Conclusion: The lncRNA database LongMan we constructed, which currently contains 133 646 orthologous lncRNAs, provides information of the sequences, alignments, transposons, and species-specific insertions and deletions and allows database search on combinatorial conditions, graphic display and data download. As the first large-scale mammalian orthologous lncRNA database, LongMan has important values in future comparative and functional studies of lncRNAs.

Objective: To explore the feasibility and effect of transumbilical single-site laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of inguinal cryptorchidism in children., Methods: From August to November 2013, 33 children with inguinal cryptorchidism (41 testes) underwent transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy. The undescended testes were palpable in the inguen intra-operatively in all the cases, 14 on the right, 11 on the left, and 8 bilaterally., Results: All the operations were performed successfully with neither intraoperative complications nor conversion to operi surgery. Adequate length of spermatic cord was pulled down to allow the testis to descend through the inguinal canal into the scrotum in all the cases. Totally, 39 testes in 31 cases were fixed at the bottom and 2 testes in 2 cases in the middle of the scrotum. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 9 months, which showed normal development of the testes, but no such postoperative complications as testicular retraction and atrophy, indirect hernia, and hydrocele., Conclusion: Transumbilical single-site laparoscopic orchiopexy is a feasible and effective technique for the treatment of inguinal palpable undescended testis in children, and its cosmetic results were desirable.