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Image-based 3D reconstruction is widely used in practice due to less hardware constraints,lower cost and higher flexibility.Especially for the problems of sparseness and uneven density of the three-dimensional point cloud data generated by the image due to the occlusion between various parts of the object,it has always been a difficulty and hot issue to deal with.In this paper,a mask-based sparse point cloud filtering algorithm is proposed.Firstly,the bounding box of the point cloud is calculated and the grid is adaptively divided according to the sparseness of the point cloud.Secondly,Depth-first search is used to recursively find all customized connected domains composed of grids generated at the first step.Then adaptively calculating the threshold based on the quantized importance index,selecting the connected domains that should be retained based on the adaptive threshold,and defining the set of all retained connected domains as a mask,which is used to describe the global spatial topology information of the sparse point cloud.Finally,points covered by the mask are retained while points of the uncovered area are removed,so as to filter the outliers.This method can handle the point cloud data generated by occlusion and with great differences in spatial density.It can effectively remove outliers in the original three-dimensional point cloud data,while maintaining the detailed information of the point cloud.

Seismic data plays a vital role in oil and gas exploration and geological exploration.Accurate and detailed seismic data can help to provide accurate guidance for oil and gas exploration,reduce the risk of exploration,and generate huge social and economic benefits.In terms of improving the resolution of seismic data,the existing methods are difficult to recover detailed geolo-gical information when facing large amounts of data,and have poor results in high-resolution recovery,denoising performance and efficiency,and it is difficult to meet the actual needs.Seismic data can reflect the composition of geological structures and strata,and have the characteristics of high local correlation and low global correlation.At the same time,the high frequency part of seismic data usually contain important geological exploration information such as layering,chasm,etc.In view of the characteristics of seismic data,this paper innovatively transforms the problem of seismic data reconstruction into the problem of image super-resolution,and proposes a method for super-resolution of seismic data based on the generative adversarial networks.In view of the characteristics of high local correlation and low global correlation of seismic data distribution,a residual attention module is designed to mine the inherent correlation of seismic data,so as to recover more refined seismic data.By training a generative adversarial network model with a relative generative adversarial loss function,the generative network is used to perform super-resolution recovery of the seismic data to recover more refined seismic data.In this paper,experimental verification is carried out on real seismic data,and the experimental results show that the proposed method has a good effect on super-resolution of seismic data and has strong practicability.

Objective To investigate the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the clinical effectiveness of Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) in nutritional assessment of hospitalized children with CP. Methods A total of 208 children with CP, aged 1-5 years, who were hospitalized from April to October 2019 were enrolled as subjects. SGNA was used to investigate nutritional status, and the Z-score method recommended by the World Health Organization was used as a reference standard to validate the clinical effectiveness of SGNA. Results The detection rate of malnutrition in children with CP was 42.3% by SGNA and 39.4% by the Z-score method (P>0.05). The application of SGNA showed high consistency between different evaluators (κ=0.621, P<0.001). With the Z-score method as the reference standard, SGNA had a sensitivity of 80.5%, a specificity of 82.5%, a positive predictive value of 75.0%, and a negative predictive value of 86.7%, and high consistency was observed between the two evaluation methods (κ=0.622, P<0.001). SGNA was moderately consistent with weight-for-age Z-score and height-for-age Z-score (κ=0.495 and 0.478 respectively, P<0.001) and was poorly consistent with weight-for-height Z-score (κ=0.197, P<0.05). Conclusions There is a relatively high incidence rate of malnutrition in children with CP. SGNA can be used as a tool to assess the nutritional status of children with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most multi-objective optimization algorithms do not consider the interaction between decision variables, but just optimize all variables as a whole. With the increase of decision variables, the performance of multi-objective optimization algorithms will decrease sharply. Aiming at the a-bove problems, a multi-objective optimization algorithm without parameter grouping and with large-scale variables (MOEA/DWPG) is proposed. By combining collaborative optimization with the decomposi-tion-based multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOEA/D), this algorithm designs a grouping method without parameters to improve the grouping accuracy of interaction variables and to enhance the algorithm performance when it handles the multi-objective optimization problems with large-scale variables. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is significantly superior to MOEA/D and other advanced algorithms on the multi-objective problems with large-scale variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated structure/control modeling of single-manipulator and concurrent optimal methodology for multiobjective were studied. According to the requirement of dynamical and control stability performance, the optimal model with multiobjective and constraints was proposed by combination of the dynamics of flexible structure and poles configuration, and solved by Pareto GA (PGA). In the process of PGA optimization, the technique of regularization of objectives, graded penalized function technique to remove constraints, Pareto-rank of population and Pareto set filter are used. To protect the feature and multiformity of Pareto set, a clustering analysis technique is used to limit the number of individual in Pareto set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary to solve the problem of model coupling between shape of structure and parameters of control system, this thesis focuses on the flexible arm with single-input & single-output as an example. Take the moment of inertia, inherent frequency and control energy as aim to optimize the structure of flexible arm, position of force and parameters of controller, to improve the performance of system. Give the method of design complicate mechanical and control system, reduce the dimension of controller using mode theory, and the model coupling design were proposed. Comparing with the traditional method of design mechanical and controller, it is proved that the integrated performance of the system can be improved. The method of synergetic design of mechanical and controller was proposed, which can be used to resolve the coupling between the parameter of mechanical and parameter of controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To study the clinical and genetic features of Joubert syndrome (JS) in children., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data, genetic data, and follow-up data of 20 children who were diagnosed with JS in the Department of Children's Rehabilitation, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from January 2017 to July 2022., Results: Among the 20 children with JS, there were 11 boys and 9 girls. The common clinical manifestations were developmental delay (20 children, 100%), abnormal eye movement (19 children, 95%), and hypotonia (16 children, 80%), followed by abnormal respiratory rhythm in 5 children (25%) and unusual facies (including prominent forehead, low-set ears, and triangular mouth) in 3 children (15%), and no limb deformity was observed. All 20 children (100%) had the typical "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome" on head images, and 6 children (30%) had abnormal eye examination results. Genetic testing was performed on 7 children and revealed 6 pathogenic genes, i.e., the CPLANE1 , RPGRIP1L , MKS1 , CC2D2A , CEP120 , and AHI1 genes., Conclusions: For children with developmental delay, especially those with abnormal eye movement and hypotonia, it is recommended to perform a head imaging examination to determine the presence or absence of "molar tooth sign" and "midline cleft syndrome", so as to screen for JS to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. There are many pathogenic genes for JS, and whole-exome sequencing can assist in the diagnosis of JS.

Objective: To explore clinical effect of intermittent flap opening technique in L-shaped incision of calcaneal fracture., Methods: From January 2017 to January 2019, 48 patients with Sanders typeⅡ to Ⅳ calcaneal fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. According to different flap opening techniques, the patients were divided into control group and observation group, 24 patients in each group. In observation group, there were 17 males and 7 females, aged from 20 to 60 years old with an average of(45.12±9.56) years old;7 patients were typeⅡ, 10 patients were type Ⅲ and 7 patients were type Ⅳ according to Sanders classification;3 patients were C0, 16 patients were C1 and 5 patients were C2 according to Tscherne-Gotzen soft-tissue assessment;treated with intermittent flap technique. In control group, there were 19 males and 5 females aged from 20 to 60 years old with an average of (47.32±10.67) years old;7 patients were typeⅡ, 11 patients were type Ⅲ and 6 patients were type Ⅳ according to Sanders classification;2 patients were C0, 18 patients were C1 and 4 patients were C2 according to Tschemc-Gotzen soft-tissue assessment;treated with static flap opening technique. Operation time, flap retraction time, changes of Böhler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation at 3 days, and occurrence of incision complications were observed and compared between two groups., Results: All patients were followed up from 3 to 6 months with an average of(4.52±1.01) months. There were no significant differences in operation time, changes of Böhler angle and Gissane angle before and after operation at 3 days between the two groups( P >0.05);there was statistical difference in flap retraction time between two groups( P <0.05). Occurrence of incision complications in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group ( P <0.05)., Conclusion: Intermittent flap opening technique is superior to static opening technique in reducing incision complications of lateral "L" approach of calcaneus. Single Kirschner wire opening does not affect the exposure, reduction and fixation of fracture during operation.

Objective: To explore methods and clinical effects of selective U-shaped osteotomy of lateral tibial condyle in treating collapse and comminuted fracture of lateral tibial plateau., Methods: From January 2014 to October 2019, 15 patients with collapse and comminuted fracture of lateral tibial plateau were treated by selective U-shaped osteotomy of lateral tibial condyle, including 9 males and 6 females. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 70 years old, with an average age of (38.5±7.7) years old. According to ABC classification of condyle fracture of tibial plateau lateral, there were 2 cases of type A, 6 cases of type B, 4 cases of type BC and 3 cases of type C. Five patients were combined with medial plateau fracture, 8 patients were combined with left knee fracture and 7 patients of right knee fracture. The time of treatment after injury ranged from 1 day to 14 days with an average of (3.4±1.2) days. CT of all patients showed that lateral tibial plateau collapsed more than 2 mm, more than 2 pieces of bones were crushed and broken, and lateral tibial condyle cortex was intact. At follow-up of 12 months after operation, Rasmussen's anatomical grading system was used to evaluate fracture reduction. Rasmussen's functional grading system were used to evaluate knee joint function., Results: Selective U-shaped osteotomy was successfully complated in 15 patients at one time, and operation time ranged from 55 to 110 min, with an average time of (85.6±20.0) min. The lateral plateau operation ranged from 20 to 60 min with an average time of(30.5±10.5) min. All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of (14.6±2.5) months. Fracture healing time was 12 to 24 weeks, with an average of (13.6±3.6) weeks. At follow-up 12 months after operation, by Rasmussen's grading system, anatomical score of knee joint ranged from 14 to 18 points, with an average score of (17.5±0.3) points, of which 13 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good. The functional score ranged from 13 points to 30 points, with an average score of (26.8±2.5) points. Among them, 12 cases were excellent, 1 case was good, 2 cases were fair. Two patients suffered 2 mm and 4 mm loss of lateral tibial plateau, 1 case of knee joint 5 ° valgus, 1 case of stiff joints (10 ° to 100 °). No common peroneal nerve injury, important vascular injury, postoperative infection, internal fixation failure and other serious complications was found., Conclusion: The use of selective lateral tibial condyle "U"- shaped osteotomy approach is an effective and reliable method to treat the collapse and comminuted fracture of the lateral tibial plateau. It has the advantages of simple surgical incision, direct fracture exposure, accurate repositioning and fixation, short operation time and few complications.

Objective: To study the effect of rehabilitation treatment based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY) Core Sets on activities of daily living in children with cerebral palsy., Methods: The children with cerebral palsy were divided into an observation group ( n =63) and a control group ( n =59) using a random number table. The children in the observation group were evaluated using the brief ICF-CY Core Sets for children under 6 years to identify intervention targets and develop rehabilitation plans and goals, and then specific methods were selected for rehabilitation treatment. The children in the control group were evaluated and treated with the traditional rehabilitation mode. The scores of the Functional Independence Measure for Children (WeeFIM) and the Infants-Junior Middle School Students' Social-Life Abilities Scale were assessed for both groups before treatment and after three courses of treatment. The intervention of environmental factors was compared between the two groups., Results: There was no significant difference in the scores of the WeeFIM and Social-Life Abilities scales between the two groups before treatment ( P > 0.05). After treatment, both groups had significant increases in the scores of the WeeFIM and Social-Life Abilities scales ( P < 0.001). The observation group had significantly higher scores of WeeFIM and Social-Life Abilities scales than the control group after treatment ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the use rate of orthosis between the two groups ( P > 0.05), but the use rate of assistive devices for self-help, transfer and communication, the rate of facility renovation, and the rate of family rehabilitation guidance in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05)., Conclusions: The rehabilitation treatment regimen for cerebral palsy based on the CF-CY Core Sets pays more attention to the influence of environmental factors in the process of rehabilitation and can effectively improve the activities of daily living of children with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To investigate the nutritional status of children with cerebral palsy (CP) and the clinical effectiveness of Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment (SGNA) in nutritional assessment of hospitalized children with CP., Methods: A total of 208 children with CP, aged 1-5 years, who were hospitalized from April to October 2019 were enrolled as subjects. SGNA was used to investigate nutritional status, and the Z-score method recommended by the World Health Organization was used as a reference standard to validate the clinical effectiveness of SGNA., Results: The detection rate of malnutrition in children with CP was 42.3% by SGNA and 39.4% by the Z-score method (P>0.05). The application of SGNA showed high consistency between different evaluators (κ=0.621, P<0.001). With the Z-score method as the reference standard, SGNA had a sensitivity of 80.5%, a specificity of 82.5%, a positive predictive value of 75.0%, and a negative predictive value of 86.7%, and high consistency was observed between the two evaluation methods (κ=0.622, P<0.001). SGNA was moderately consistent with weight-for-age Z-score and height-for-age Z-score (κ=0.495 and 0.478 respectively, P<0.001) and was poorly consistent with weight-for-height Z-score (κ=0.197, P<0.05)., Conclusions: There is a relatively high incidence rate of malnutrition in children with CP. SGNA can be used as a tool to assess the nutritional status of children with CP.

A boy, aged 6 months, had the manifestations of intellectual and motor developmental delay, head instability, general weakness, unawareness of grasping objects by hands, and unusual facies (slightly wide eye distance, epicanthus, esotropia, mouth-opening appearance, short philtrum, and low-set ears). Gene detection results showed a de novo heterozygous frameshift mutation of the CHAMP1 gene at the chromosomal location of chr13:115089847, and nuclear acid was changed to c.530delCinsTTT, resulting in a change in amino acid to p.S177Ffs*2. Therefore, the boy was diagnosed with autosomal dominant intellectual disability-40 caused by the mutation in the CHAMP1 gene. This case report suggests that for children with unexplained intellectual disability, especially those with generalized hypotonia and severe language disorder, the possibility of CHAMP1 gene mutation should be considered, and genetic testing should be performed as early as possible.

Objective: To study the effect of suspension exercise training on motor and balance functions in children with spastic cerebral palsy., Methods: A total of 97 children with spastic cerebral palsy were randomly divided into an observation group with 49 children and a control group with 48 children. Both groups were given routine rehabilitation training, and the children in the observation group were given suspension exercise training in addition. The scores of the D and E domains of the 88-item version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were recorded before treatment and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Surface electromyography was performed to observe the changes in the root mean square (RMS) of surface electromyogram signals of the adductor muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle., Results: Over the time of treatment, both groups had varying degrees of improvement in the scores of the D and E domains of GMFM-88 and BBS. Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly greater improvements in D and E functional areas and balance function (P<0.05). Both groups had reductions in the RMS of the surface electromyogram signals of the adductor muscle and the gastrocnemius muscle over the time of treatment, and the observation group had significantly greater reductions than the control group (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Suspension exercise training can effectively improve the motor and balance functions of children with spastic cerebral palsy.

Objective: To study the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and life ability in children with global developmental delay (GDD)., Methods: A prospective case-control study was performed for hospitalized children with GDD, who were randomly divided into KD treatment group (n=40) and conventional treatment group (n=37). The children in both groups were given comprehensive rehabilitation training, and those in the KD treatment group were given modified Atkins diet in addition to the comprehensive rehabilitation training. The children in both groups were assessed with the Gesell Developmental Scale, Chinese version of Urban Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA)/Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and Infants-Junior High School Students' Social Life Abilities Scale (S-M scale) before treatment and after 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of the improvements in neurobehavioral development, emotional and social behaviors, and social life ability., Results: After 3, 6, and 9 months of treatment, the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of the adaptive, fine motor, and language quotients of the Gesell Developmental Scale compared with the conventional treatment group (P<0.05); the KD treatment group had significantly greater improvements in CITSEA/CBCL scores than the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). The KD treatment group had a greater improvement in the score of the S-M scale after 9 months of treatment (P<0.05). During the KD treatment, 6 children experienced diarrhea and 1 experienced mild urinary stones., Conclusions: KD can improve the neurobehavioral development and behavioral and emotional behaviors in children with GDD, and it has few adverse effects.

Objective: To investigate the long-term clinical efficacy and adverse effects of botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy., Methods: Eighty children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy and gastrocnemius spasticity were selected and randomly divided into a BTX-A injection group and a conventional treatment group (n=40 each). The children in the BTX-A injection group received injections of BTX-A guided by color Doppler ultrasound and 4 courses of rehabilitation training after injection. Those in the conventional treatment group received 4 courses of the same rehabilitation training alone. Before treatment and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after treatment, the modified Tardieu scale (MTS) was applied to assess the degree of gastrocnemius spasticity, the values in the passive state measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) were applied to evaluate muscle tension, and the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to evaluate gross motor function., Results: Compared with the conventional treatment group, the BTX-A injection group had significantly greater reductions in MTS score and the values in the passive state measured by sEMG (P<0.05), as well as significantly greater increases in joint angles R1 and R2 in MTS and gross motor score in GMFM (P<0.05). No serious adverse reactions related to BTX-A injection were found., Conclusions: BTX-A injection is effective and safe in the treatment of gastrocnemius spasticity in children aged 9-36 months with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effects of different doses of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection on tiptoe deformation in children with cerebral palsy., Methods: A total of 256 children with tiptoe deformation due to spastic cerebral palsy were classified into group A (muscle tension levels I-II, n=147) and group B (muscle tension levels III-IV, n=109). Group A was randomly divided into group A1 (injected with high-dose BTX-A, n=73) and group A2 (injected with low-dose BTX-A, n=74). Group B was randomly divided into group B1 (injected with high-dose BTX-A, n=55) and group B2 ( injected with low-dose BTX-A, n=54). The dose of BTX-A was 6 U/kg for groups A1 and B1 and was 3 U/kg for groups A2 and B2. Before the injection and at 1,2,6, and 12 months after injection, the muscle tension of limbs was evaluated with the modified Ashworth Scale, and the recovery of motor function of lower limbs was assessed with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM)., Results: Before and after treatment, there were no significant differences in Ashworth and GMFM scores between groups A1 and A2 (P>0.05). After treatment, group B1 had a significantly reduced Ashworth score and a significantly increased GMFM score, and group B1 had a significantly lower Ashworth score and a significantly higher GMFM score compared with group B2 (P<0.05). For groups A and B, Ashworth score gradually declined post-treatment, reached the lowest point at 3 months after treatment, and returned to the level before treatment at 12 months after treatment; GMFM score gradually increased post-treatment and reached the peak level at 12 months after treatment (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The level of muscle tension should be considered when BTX-A injection is used for treating tiptoe deformation in children with cerebral palsy. It makes no difference to use high- or low-dose BTX-A when the muscle tension level is within I-II, but high-dose BTX-A has a better performance in reducing muscle tension and improving motor function when the muscle tension level is within III-IV.

Objective: To study the clinical efficiency, electroencephalogram (EEG) changes and cognitive improvements of ketogenic diet (KD) in children with refractory epilepsy., Methods: Twenty pediatric patients (7-61 months in age) with refractory epilepsy were recruited between August 2012 and August 2013. KD therapy was performed on all participants for at least 3 months based on a fasting initiation protocol with the lipid-to-nonlipid ratio being gradually increased to 4 : 1. Seizure frequency, type and degree were recorded before and during KD therapy. A 24 hours video-electroencephalogram (V-EEG) examination and Gesell Developmental Scale assessment were performed prior to KD therapy, and 3, 6, 9 months after KD therapy., Results: Six patients became seizure free after KD therapy, with a complete control rate of 30%. Seizure frequency reduction occurred in 13 (65%) patients, EEG improvement in 8 (40%) patients, and improvement in Gesell Developmental Scales (gross motor and adaptability in particular) in 6 (30%) patients. The KD therapy-related side effects were mild., Conclusions: KD therapy is safety and effective in reducing seizure frequency and improving EEG and cognitive function in children with refractory epilepsy.

Objective: To study the clinical features of non-epileptic seizures associated with cerebral palsy (CP) in children., Methods: A total of 1 198 children with CP (age: 9 months to 6 years) were enrolled. The children with paroxysmal events were monitored by 24 hrs video-EEG (VEEG) to make sure the seizures were epileptic or non-epileptic. The symptoms, age, CP types and EEG features were observed in children with non-epileptic CP., Results: Five hundred and seventy-eight children (48.24%) presented paroxysmal events. The seizures were epileptic in 231 children (19.28%) and non-epileptic in 322 cases (26.88%). In the 322 cases of non-epileptic CP, the paroxysmal events were of various kinds, including non-epileptic seizure tonic, seizure shake head, shrug shoulder or head hypsokinesis, cry or scream, panic attacks, sleep myoclonic and stereotyped movement. One hundred and fifty-eight (49.1%) out of the 322 children demonstrated nonspecific EEG abnormalities. One hundred and eleven children (34.5%) were misdiagnosed as epilepsy in primary hospitals. The CP children less than one year old showed higher frequency of non-epileptic seizures than the age groups over 1 year and 3 to 6 years. The frequency of non-epileptic seizures was the highest in children with spastic CP (168 cases, 52.2%), followed by dyskinetic CP (69 cases, 21.4%) and mixed type CP (65 cases, 20.2%)., Conclusions: The paroxysmal events in children with CP partially are non-epileptic seizures and it is important to differentiate non-epileptic from epileptic seizures. The frequencies of non-epileptic seizures may be associated with a child's age and CP type.

Botrytis cinerea Pers. is a worldwide fungus. It is a severe threat to eggplant. Chemistry methods can do an accurate identification, however they are time-consuming, require execution by professionals and are high cost. The present paper presents the development of a ground based multi-spectral imaging sensor for the grey mold detection. Three channels (green, red, near-infrared) of crop images were acquired. Two algorithm systems were developed. The objective of the image processing is to obtain a binary image, which could point out the location of symptoms as accurately as possible. Two image processing methods were developed. It could be seen that method 1 can diagnose the symptoms accurately even if the symptoms are small while method 2 can only diagnose the symptoms with a certain extent area and the detection of symptoms is not very accurate. However, the images processed by method 1 showed some error diagnoses while the method 2 did not. It was concluded that both methods have some advantages and disadvantages. In the agriculture practice, the diagnosis environment will be more complex than in the greenhouse. Some things such as dry soil and perished leaf fragment will disturb the symptom detection by naked eyes when the grower stands away from the leaf. Two image process methods can diagnose the symptoms clearly although the position based on method 2 was a little deviated. It was concluded that the symptoms were well detected using multi-spectra imaging technique even there were some disturbances. Thus, multi-spectral imaging technique is available for the symptoms detection of grey mold on eggplant leaves.

As a rapid and non-destructive methodology, near infrared spectroscopy technique has been attracting much attention recently. The present study applied Vis/NIR spectra to the identification of cashmere and fine wool fiber. Cashmere and fine wool are resemble in superficies, but they differs in diameter, height, thickness, angle of inclination, and marginal morphology of surface scale. Although researchers both at home and abroad did a lot researches and experiments to distinguish fine wool from cashmere, the resolution of cashmere and fine wool is still not satisfactory, and it is always a challenging task to differentiate and recognize fine wool and cashmere. This paper presents an automatic recognition scheme for the fine wool fiber and cashmere fiber by Vis/NIR spectroscopy technique, aiming at the characteristics of Vis/NIR spectra of cashmere and fine wool. One mixed algorithm was presented to discriminate cashmere and fine wool with principal component analysis (PCA) and artificial neural network (ANN). Preliminary qualitative analysis model has been built: Vis/NIRS spectroscopy diffuse techniques were used to collect the spectral data of cashmere and fine wool, and two kinds of data pretreatment methods were applied: the standard normal variate (SNV) was used for scatter correction. Savitzky-Golay with the segment size 3 was used as the smoothing way to decrease the noise processed. Following the pretreatment, spectral data were processed using principal component analysis, 6 principal components (PCs) were selected based on the reliabilities of PCs of 99.8%, and the scores of these 6 PCs would be taken as the input of the three-layer back-propagation (BP) artificial neural network (BP-ANN). The BP-ANN was trained with samples in calibration collection and predicted the samples in prediction collection were predicted. Experiments demonstrate that the system works quickly and effectively, and has remarkable advantages in comparison with the previous systems. The result indicated that a model had been built to discriminate cashmere from fine wool using Vis/NIR spectra method combined with PCA-BP technology.

The automated recognition of crop and weed by using Vis/NIR spectral in field is one of hottest research branches of agriculture engineering. If the recognition is efficient and effective, then the variate operations of herbicide or fertilizer spraying in field could be realized. Many researches have pointed out that the reflectance rate of green plant leaves could be used to identify the varieties. As the colors and surface textures of crop and weed were change in different living phases, these changes may exert great influence on the reflectance spectral of plant leaves. Vis/NIR spectra of three weeds and one crop in two different terms were recorded by spectral meter ASD FieldSpec Pro FR. Its wave band is from 325 to 1 075 nm. The scan time was 270 ms. The scanning times of per sample was set to 30 times. Firstly, 23 days after the planting of soybean, some soybean leaves and weeds leave were picked from the field, and brought to lab to record spectral. The lighting condition was controlled by an artificial halogen bulb. Secondly, on the 45th day, the same experiment was done. The three weeds were goose grass, alligator alternanthera and emarginate amaranth. The crop was soybean seedling. Totally 378 samples were drawn for two terms. As one original reflectance spectrum contains 651 float numbers, the total data volume was huge. Using wavelet transform to compress data volume and extract characteristic spectral data was tried. The result was 114 float numbers per sample. Among them, 250 samples from two terms were used as input data to build artificial neural network model, and those left were used to check the validation. Radial basis function neural network model is widely used in pattern recognition problems. It is a nonlinear and self adaptive parallel. By assigning a 1 by 4 vector to each spectral samples, the source data could be used to build an RBF-NN model. All the samples were assigned these standard output data. Then, the left 128 samples were used to check the performance of the model. The result is that only 3 samples from the second term of goose grass were wrongly classified as alligator alternanthera, which showed that RBF neural network have strong ability to differentiate spectra of species of plant, and that there was no massive difference of NIR spectra of one plant in different life periods. This demonstrated that the NIR spectra could be used to identify crop from weed with no need to care about the living stages of these plants.

Objective: To investigate whether the variants A(-6)G and A(-20)C of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene are involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Kazakans., Methods: T his case control study recruited 125 subjects with hypertension and 74 normotensive subjects from Kazakans of Xinjiang. Genomic DNA from leukocytes was analyzed for genetic variants A(-6)G and A(-20)C in 5' upstream core promoter of AGT gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and automatic sequencing., Results: (1)There were only A(-6)G and A(-20)C variants in the -164 to +73 region of Kazakans' AGT gene. (2) The distributions of genotypes AA, AG, GG at locus -6 of AGT gene showed significant difference between the hypertensive group (0.39, 0.45, 0.16) and the normotensive group (0.49, 0.49, 0.02; Chi2=8.56, P=0.014). There were evident differences in the frequencies of the -6A and the -6G allele of the two groups (0.62, 0.38 and 0.73, 0.27; Chi2=5.35, P=0.021). (3) No significant difference was observed in the distribution of genotypes AA, AC, CC at locus -20 of AGT gene between the hypertensive group (0.69, 0.26, 0.05) and the normotensive group (0.65, 0.32, 0.03; Chi2=2.42, P=0.30). There was no distinct difference in the frequencies of the -20A allele and the -20C allele of the two groups (0.82, 0.18 and 0.82, 0.18; Chi2=0, P=0.99). (4) No significant difference was found at the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the groups corresponding to genotypes at the loci -6 and -20 of AGT gene., Conclusion: The results suggest that the polymorphism of A(-6)G in 5' upstream core promoter of the AGT gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Kazakans, while the A(-20)C variant may not play an important role in the etiology of essential hypertension in Kazakans.