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The solidification process of NH4Cl-70% H2O ingots was simulated and experimentally investigated based on the solidification theory and a volume-averaged multiphase solidification method. Although the solidification process of NH4Cl-70% H2O ingots has been investigated previously,but these researches are mainly focused on the single phenomenon of the process such as the formation of channel segregation,convection or the formation of grains. On the basis of fore-researches,combining numerical simulation with experiment,nearly all the phenomena occurring in the solidification process of the ingot were investigated in this paper,especially the equiaxed crystals' floating and settling down on the bottom of the ingot,and the convection induced by such floating of equiaxed crystals which was reproduced by the simulation. Finally,the mechanism of the forming of macro-segregation was deeply discussed.The calculation showed that equiaxed grains floated down from the mold wall and tended to settle down on the bottom of the ingot.When the volume fraction of equiaxed grains accumulated up to a critical value,columnar grains would stop their growth,and so the columnar-to-equiaxed transition(CET) process was to the end. Owing to solute partitioning and the sedimentation of equiaxed grains,there was negative macro-segregation in triangle shape on the bottom of the ingot,while a wide range of positive macro-segregation was constructed on the upper part of the ingot. The calculated results are relatively conformed to the experimental ones in aspects of the sedimentation of equiaxed grains and the induced fluid convection,indicating that the key factors leading to macro-segregation are crystal sedimentation and fluid convection.

Poly (urethane-methacrylate) macromonomers were synthesized based on isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), poly (tetrahydrofuran) 1000 (PTMEG-1000), poly (ethylene glycol) 400 (PEG-400) and β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Then high transparent poly (urethane-methacrylate) materials with weathering resistance were prepared by the polymerization of the macromonomers using 2,2-azo-bis-iso-bu-tyro-nitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The obtained PU materials were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The weathering resistance of PU materials was characterized under the condition of freezing and UV-irradiation. The results showed that the thermal stability and optical performance of PU materials increased with increasing PTMEG-1000 content, and comprehensive performance in freezing and UV-irradiation conditions were almost the same results as at room temperature, which indicated the materials owned good weather-ability. PU-3 exhibited outstanding performance. The tensile strength and the transmittance of PU-3 were 13.1 MPa and 92.1% at room temperature, respectively. Its tensile strength and transmittance were 15.7 MPa and 84.7% at -26°C, respectively. And its tensile strength and transmittance were 11.5 MPa and 74.3% and UV-irradiation, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problems of the efficiency and safety of the control stage in a steam turbine. Based on RANS with the application of structural hexahedron mesh and finite volume method, the flow field of the control stage in a steam turbine was calculated. Pressure contour and velocity contour were performed to analysis the flow field of the control stage under different conditions. Torque of the blade rotating one circle were performed. Amplitude-frequency map of the torque was obtained according to the FFT analysis. The results indicate that the flow field is nonuniform under partial admission condition. The maximum torque of the blade is 2.2 times larger than that in the flow area under four valves open condition, while under three valves open condition the maximum torque of the blade in the blocked area is 1.8 times larger. It can help to check the safety of the blade. Spectrum analysis indicates that the typical low frequency of the exciting force is caused by the rotating speed of the blade. The efficiency of the control stage under three valves open condition is 7% lower than that under four valves open. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome the difficulty caused by uncertainties of material and load in numerical analysis of structure with cracks and to improve the accuracy and efficiency of numerical calculation, a fuzzy finite element analysis method of B-spline wavelet on the interval (BSWI) is put forward by combing the fuzzy theories with wavelet finite element. Fracture elements of dummy nodes are embedded into the wavelet finite element model with cracks, fuzzy equilibrium equations on the basis of finite element of BSWI are established, and the fuzzy equilibrium equations are solved by using λ level set and decomposition theorem. Subsequently, the membership function values of stress intensity factor with different crack lengths are calculated by using virtual crack closure technique, and the calculated results are compared with analytical solution. The analysis results show that the proposed method can accurately reflect changes in structural response with fewer elements and can be a new way for engineering fracture analysis of complex structures with uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation of sperm mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with routine semen parameters and the effect of MMP on the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 727 IVF cycles, including 231 fresh transplantation cycles, in our hospital from November 2018 to October 2019. According to the MMP level determined by JC-1 staining and flow cytometry, we divided the patients into a low MMP (≤52%) and a high MMP (> 52%) group and compared the rates of fertilization, clinical pregnancy, abortion and live birth between the two groups. Meanwhile, we analyzed the correlation of sperm MMP with the semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm count, total sperm motility, percentages of progressively motile sperm (PMS) and morphologically normal sperm (MNS), and sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI)., Results: The fertilization rate was significantly higher in the high MMP than in the low MMP group (85.3% ［2 211/2 592］ vs 81.7% ［3 910/4 785］, P < 0.01), and so were the rates of clinical pregnancy (50.00% ［41/82］ vs 48.32% ［72/149］, P < 0.05) and live birth (43.90%［36/82］ vs 40.94% ［61/149］, P < 0.05), while the abortion rate was lower in the former than in the latter group (12.20% ［5/41］ vs 15.28% ［11/72］, P > 0.05). Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in sperm concentration, total sperm motility, percentages of PMS and MNS, and sperm DFI (P< 0.05), but not in the semen volume and total sperm count (P > 0.05). Sperm MMP was found correlated positively with sperm concentration (r = 0.11, P < 0.05), total sperm motility (r = 0.304, P < 0.01) and percentages of PMS (r = 288, P < 0.01) and MNS (r = 458, P < 0.01) but negatively with sperm DFI (r = 0.387, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The level of sperm MMP is related to decreased sperm motility, increased sperm abnormality, elevated sperm DFI and reduced IVF rate. It is also an important index for sperm function evaluation and, together with routine semen parameters, helps to comprehensively evaluate and optimize the assisted pregnancy program of infertile men in assisted reproduction technology.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of seminal plasma elastase (SPE) with sperm reactive oxygen species (ROS) and semen parameters in infertile men., Methods: Between July 2021 and December 2021, a total of 145 subjects aged 20-51 years with male infertility were enrolled. SPE, seminal leukocytes, sperm ROS, DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and other semen parameters were detected. We divided patients into an inflammation group (SPE ≥ 290 ng/ml, n = 48) and a non-inflammation group (SPE < 290 ng/ml, n = 97), analyzed the relationship of SPE with seminal leukocytes, sperm ROS, semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm motility, the percentages of progressively motile sperm (PMS) , morphologically normal sperm (MNS), and DFI., Results: The concentration of seminal leukocytes, sperm ROS level and DFI were significantly higher in inflammation group than in non-inflammation group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm motility, PMS, MNS or sperm deformity index (SDI) between two groups of patients (P > 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the SPE level was correlated positively with the concentration of seminal leukocytes (r = 0.658, P < 0.01), sperm ROS level (r = 0.229, P = 0.006) and DFI (r = 0.192, P = 0.021), but not correlated with semen volume, sperm concentration, total sperm motility, PMS, MNS or SDI (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: The level of seminal plasma elastase is related with the concentration of seminal leukocytes, sperm ROS level and DFI, and has some reference value in the diagnosis of male infertility.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between sperm nuclear maturity and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF)., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data on 1 393 cycles of IVF in our center from September 2018 to May 2020. According to the high DNA stainability (HDS) of sperm, we divided the patients into a mature (HDS ≤ 10%) and an immature sperm nucleus group (HDS > 10%), compared the results of IVF, embryonic development and clinical outcomes between the two groups, and analyzed their correlation with HDS., Results: The rates of fertilization and normal fertilization were significantly higher and that of fertilization failure remarkably lower in the mature than in the immature sperm nuclear group (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the rates of cleavage, high-quality embryo, blastocyst formation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth (P > 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that HDS was correlated negatively with the rates of fertilization, normal fertilization and blastocyst formation (P < 0.05), positively with fertilization failure (P < 0.05), but not significantly with the rates of cleavage, high-quality embryo, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth (P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors by multivariate logistic regression analysis, HDS was found correlated negatively with the fertilization rate (OR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.918 to 0.972, P < 0.05), positively with fertilization failure (OR = 1.043, 95% CI: 1.010 to －1.078, P < 0.05), but not significantly with the rates of normal fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, blastocyst formation, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage and live birth (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Sperm nuclear maturity significantly affects the rates of fertilization and fertilization failure in IVF patients. Taking sperm nuclear maturity indicators in consideration in the process of IVF may contribute to comprehensive evaluation of semen and male fertility and guide clinical decision-making.

Objective: To investigate the effects of the DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and malformation rate (SMR) of optimized sperm on embryonic development and early spontaneous abortion in conventional in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)., Methods: We selected 602 cycles of conventional IVF-ET for pure oviductal infertility that had achieved clinical pregnancies, including 505 cycles with ongoing pregnancy and 97 cycles with early spontaneous abortion. On the day of ovum retrieval, we examined the DNA integrity and morphology of the rest of the optimized sperm using the SCD and Diff-Quik methods, established the joint predictor (JP) by logistic equation, and assessed the value of DFI and SMR in predicting early spontaneous abortion using the ROC curve., Results: The DFI, SMR, and high-quality embryo rate were (15.91±3.69)%, (82.85±10.24)%, and 46.53% (342/735) in the early spontaneous abortion group and (9.30±4.22)%, (77.32±9.19)%, and 56.43% (2263/4010) respectively in the ongoing pregnancy group, all with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05 ). Both the DFI and SMR were the risk factors of early spontaneous abortion (OR = 5.96 and 1.66; both P< 0.01). The areas under the ROC curve for DFI, SMR and JP were 0.893±0.019, 0.685±0.028, and 0.898±0.018, respectively. According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off values of the DFI and SMR obtained for the prediction of early spontaneous abortion were approximately 15% and 80%. The DFI was correlated positively with SMR (r= 0.31, P<0.01) but the high-quality embryo rate negatively with both the DFI (r= －0.45, P<0.01) and SMR (r= －0.22, P<0.01)., Conclusions: The DFI and SMR of optimized sperm are closely associated with embryonic development in IVF. The DFI has a certain value for predicting early spontaneous abortion with a threshold of approximately 15%, but SMR may have a lower predictive value.

Objective: To investigate the influence of the DNA integrity of optimized sperm on the embryonic development and clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET)., Methods: This study included 605 cycles of conventional IVF-ET for pure oviductal infertility performed from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2014. On the day of retrieval, we examined the DNA integrity of the sperm using the sperm chromatin dispersion method. According to the ROC curve and Youden index, we grouped the cycles based on the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) threshold value for predicting implantation failure, early miscarriage, and fertilization failure, followed by analysis of the correlation between DFI and the outcomes of IVF-ET., Results: According to the DFI threshold values obtained, the 605 cycles fell into four groups (DFI value < 5%, 5-10%, 10-15%, and ≥ 15%). Statistically significant differences were observed among the four groups in the rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryo, implantation, clinical pregnancy, early miscarriage, and live birth (P < 0.05), but not in the rates of multiple pregnancy, premature birth, and low birth weight (P > 0.05). DFI was found to be correlated negatively with the rates of fertilization (r = -0.32, P < 0.01), cleavage (r = -0.19, P < 0.01), high-quality embryo (r = -0.40, P < 0.01), clinical pregnancy (r = -0.20, P < 0.01), and live birth (r = -0.09 P = 0.04), positively with the rate of early miscarriage (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), but not with the rates of multiple pregnancy (r = -0.01, P = 0.83), premature birth (r = 0.04, P = 0.54), and low birth weight (r = 0.03, P = 0.62)., Conclusion: The DNA integrity of optimized sperm influences fertilization, embryonic development, early miscarriage, and live birth of IVF-ET, but its correlation with premature birth and low birth weight has to be further studied.

Objective: To investigate the values of the sperm deformity index (SDI), acrosome abnormity rate (AAR), and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) of optimized sperm in the prediction of fertilization failure (fertilization rate < 25%) in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF)., Methods: We selected 695 cycles of conventional IVF for pure oviductal infertility in this study, including 603 cycles of normal fertilization and 92 cycles of fertilization failure. On the day of oocyte retrieval, we examined sperm morphology, acrosome morphology, and DNA fragmentation using the Diff-Quik, PSA-FITC and SCD methods. We established the joint predictor (JP) by logistic equation and analyzed the values of different parameters in predicting fertilization failure with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve., Results: The fertilization rate was negatively correlated with SDI (r = - 0.07; P = 0.03), AAR (r = -0.49; P < 0.01), and DFI (r = -0. 21; P < 0.01). The SDI, AAR, and DFI in the normal fertilization group were 1.24 ± 0.20, (7.75 ± 2.28)%, and (7.87 ± 3.15)%, and those in the fertilization failure group were 1.42 ± 0.15, (12.02 ± 3.06)%, and (13.32 ± 4.13)%, respectively, all with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). SDI, AAR, and DFI were all risk factors of fertilization failure ( OR = 2.68, 14.11, and 3.85; P = 0.01, < 0.01, and < 0.01). The areas under the ROC curves for SDI, AAR, DFI, and JP were 0.651 ± 0.033, 0.895 ± 0.019, 0.789 ± 0.022, and 0.915 ± 0.017, respectively. According to the Youden index, the optimal cut-off values of SDI, AAR, and DFI obtained for the prediction of fertilization failure were approximately 1.45, 10%, and 12%., Conclusion: The SDI, AAR and DFI of optimized sperm are closely associated with the fertilization rate, and all have the value for predicting fertilization failure in IVF. The AAR is more valuable than the other single predictors, but JP is more effective than the AAR.

Objective: To investigate the effect of domestic urine-derived high-purity follicle- stimulating hormone (HP-FSH, Lishenbao) on the outcome of in vitro fertilization(IVF) embryo transfer (ET) in controlled ovarian stimulation (COS)., Methods: From 1 September 2010 to 31 March 2011, total of 3178 infertility patients from 14 Reproductive Center with IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) indications who accepted first IVF or ICSI cycle were studied retrospectively. Their causes of infertility include all infertility factors except ovulatory dysfunction infertility and uterine factor infertility. The only long luteal phase gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) protocol was included. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) agents used: 1932 cases in HP-FSH group and 1246 cases in recombinant FSH (rFSH)group. Patients in both groups were combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) at doses of 150 U when follicle with diameter reached to 14-16 mm. When 3 dominate follicle with diameter reached 18 mm, hCG at dose of 5000 to 10 000 U or recombinant hCG at dose of 250 µg was administered by intramuscular injection. After 34 to 36 hours, oocytes were obtained guided by ultrasound, then IVF-ET were underwent in their Reproductive Center. The primary endpoint was comparison of live birth rate between the two groups. The secondary endpoints were comparisons of clinical pregnancy rate, miscarriage rate, and implantation rate, as well as COS and IVF outcome between the two groups., Results: (1) There were significantly differences in baseline characteristics of the patients between two groups. The mean age was elder(32 ± 4 versus 30 ± 4, P < 0.01) , the infertility duration was longer (5 ± 4 versus 5 ± 3, P < 0.01) , and antral follicle count (AFC) was less (11 ± 5 versus 13 ± 7, P < 0.01) in patients of HP-FSH group compared with those in patients of rFSH group. (2) As compared with rFSH, the total doses of gonadotropin needed was (2348 ± 1011) U in HP-FSH group versus (2022 ± 659) U in rFSH group, the number of oocytes 13 ± 6 in HP-FSH group and 14 ± 7 in rFSH group, the rate of embryo frozen cycle of 66.30% (1281/1932) in HP-FSH group and 74.88% (933/1246) in rFSH group, which all reached statistical difference (P < 0.01). However, there were no significant different implantation rate [30.49% (1111/3644) versus 32.45% (737/2271)] between two groups. The other clinical parameters did not show significant difference, including clinical pregnancy rate per started cycle [41.61% (804/1932) versus 41.97% (523/1246) ] , clinical pregnancy rate per ET cycle[46.58% (804/1726) versus 48.47% (523/1079)], live birth rate per started cycle[34.21% (661/1932) versus 34.19% (426/1246)], live birth rate per ET cycle [38.30% (661/1726) versus 39.48% (426/1079)], miscarriage rate[13.6% (109/804) versus 16.4% (86/523)], and moderate/severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) rate [5.80% (112/1932) versus 7.78% (97/1246)](P > 0.05).(3) Treatment cost: the cost of gonadotropins needed for the patients in HP-FSH group was lower than that in rFSH group (4005 ± 1650 versus 6482 ± 2095, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: In IVF/ICSI treatment cycles, domestic HP-FSH has similar live birth rate and lower financial burden when compared with rFSH.

Objective: To study clinical efficacy of leuprorelin acetate in treatment of uterine adenomyosis with infertility., Methods: From January 1,2011 to March 31,2012, 166 cycles in 166 infertile patients combined with uterine adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization embryo transplant (IVF-ET) with long protocol ovum induction by leuprorelin acetate in centre of medical reproduction, ningbo women and children's hospital were studied retrospectively. In the mean time, 200 cycles in 200 infertile patients with tubal factors were enrolled as control group.The volume of uterus and outcome of IVF-ET were compared and studied between two groups., Results: (1) Volume of uterus:in adenomyosis group, after 2-6 cycles of injecting leuprorelin acetate (3.75 mg/28 days), the mean uterine volume was shrinked from (180 ± 73) cm(3) to (86 ± 67) cm(3) (P < 0.05). (2) Outcome of IVF-ET:the rate of embryo implantation was 39.1% in adenomyosis group and 35.8% in control group. The rate of clinical pregnancy was 54.2% in adenomyosis group and 53.7% in control group. The rate of abortion was 4.7% in adenomyosis group and 4.2% in control group. They all did not show statistical differences (P > 0.05). (3) In adenomyosis group, the rate of fertilization, two pronuclear (2PN) and superior embryo were 67.2%(319/475), 60.8% (289/475) and 52.9% (162/306) in patients with failed pregnancy and 74.2% (423/570), 67.7% (386/570) and 62.1% (256/412) in patients with successful pregnancy after IVF-ET, which reached significant difference (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Leuprorelin acetate could improve volume of uterine adenomyosis and outcome of pregnancy in patients undergoing IVF-ET.

Objective: To improve the quality of medical instrument clinical trial in China., Methods: A systematic analysis on current situation of medical instrument clinical trial in China is conducted to find a way out of problems., Results & Conclusions: There is a low level of medical instrument clinical trial now in China. There are still many shortcomings in law and regulations of medical instrument clinical trial. The sponsors and s do not know medical instrument clinical trial well, the measures of quality related to medical instrument clinical trial must be improved.

Objective: To investigate inhibition effect and its mechanism of Nobiletin on the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vivo and in vitro., Methods: Human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 was treated with various dose of Nobiletin, and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay. DNA damage of A549 cells was detected by comet assay. Expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were analyzed by Western blot assay. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) models were established in C57BL/6 mice and treated with Nobiletin once a day for 12 d, and then the inhibitory rate of tumor growth was measured. Cellular apoptosis was determined using TUNEL assay. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-9 in LLC tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry., Results: The treatment of Nobiletin resulted in significant inhibition of A549 cells proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Comet assay revealed that DNA damage increased along with the increase of Nobiletin dosage. Western blot analysis showed that A549 cells pretreated with Nobiletin had Bcl-2 protein expression decreased and Bax protein expression increased. The inhibitory rates of lung carcinoma were 43.70%, 27.59% and 20.14% in lewis mice treated with high (300 mg/kg), middle (200 mg/kg), and low (100 mg/kg) dosage of Nobiletin (P<0.01). With the treatment of Nobiletin, the expression of Bax and Caspase-9 proteins increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 proteins decreased., Conclusion: Nobiletin has certain inhibitory effects on the proliferation of lung cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. The mechanism may be related to up-regulation of Bax and Caspase-9 and down-regulation of Bcl-2.

Pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) was extracted from fish scale of grass carp and was analyzed by SDS-PAGE, which confirmed that PSC are typical type I collagen and reach electrophoretic purity. Effect of temperature on the secondary structure of collagen was studied by FTIR, Raman and CD. FTIR indicated that the fish scale PSC had typically characteristic absorptions of collagen, and 1659, 1552 and 1238 cm(-1) were assigned to be amide I, II and III respectively. When the temperature increased, amide A and amide B shifted to low frequency, the absorption of 1658 cm(-1) split into several absorption peaks, the absorption at 1552 cm(-1) had a slight red-shift followed by a distinct blue-shift, and the frequency of 1238 cm(-1) declined. Raman spectra showed that the absorptions of amide I, amide II and amide III appeared at 1669, 1557 and 1245 cm(-1) respectively, which were higher than those in FTIR spectra. Furthermore, the characteristic absorptions of proline at 921 and 855 cm(-1) only appeared in Raman spectra. CD spectra demonstrated a rotatory maximum at 221.6 nm and a negative peak at 204.4 nm of PSC solution, which were typical spectral characteristics of the collagen triple helix structure. The structure changes of the lyophilized PSC appeared mainly between 35 and 60 degrees C in FTIR and Raman spectra, yet CD spectra demonstrated that the configurational changes of PSC in acidic solution appeared in the range of 20 to 35 degrees C, indicating that the lyophilized PSC was more stable than the acidic solution of PSC.

Aim: To investigate the survival rate and the level of HaCaT cells damage with ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation at various doses, and observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 in vitro., Methods: MTT assay was employed to analyze the cell survival rate after UVB radiation of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mJ x cm(-2). The damage of nucleolus and the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 were scanned by Hoechst 33258 staining and single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE)., Results: It was found that the cell survival rate decreased gradually and the damage of nucleolus aggravated as the radiation dose increased from 30 mJ x cm(-2) to 120 mJ x cm(-2). At the dose of 20 microg x mL(1-), obvious protective effect of ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can be observed against UVB radiation-induced HaCaT cells growth inhibition and nucleolus damage., Conclusion: UVB radiation inhibits HaCaT human keratinocytes growth and ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 can relief the damage.

Objective: To explore the etiological factors of hand special chronic infections and their relationship with tuberculosis, and to give evidence for clinical diagnosis as well as treatments., Methods: From 2002 to 2004 pathologic inspection, acid-fast stain, bacterial cultication, mycobacterial cultivation were performed in all 29 cases of hand special chronic infections., Results: All cases showed granulomatous lesions in pathological appearance, 2 positive in acid-fast stain, 12 positive in bacteria cultivation, and 1 nocardiosis, 1 staphylococcus epidermidis, 7 M.marinum, 1 M.tuberculosis, 1 M.fortuitum, 1 M.kansasii., Conclusions: Non-tuberculo-mycobacterium (NTM) especially M.marinum are far more important as the major factor than tuberculosis and other bacterial in hand special chronic infections. Bacteria cultivation should be routine examined for all cases.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Carthamus tinctorius on bcl-2, caspase-3 expression of apoptosis of neurons., Method: SD rats were randomly divided into ischemia control group, large-dose group, middle-dose group and low-dose group. The middle cerebral artery of rats was occluded for 2h by inserting an introluminal molofilament, and reperfusion was then instituted for 4h or 22h. The brains were stained with 2, 3, 5-triphenylte trazolinm chloride for assessment of volume of infarction, and then embedded onto slides with paraffin for morphological assessment and immunohistochemistry was carried out to investigate the changes in bcl-2 and caspase-3., Result: All treated groups at different times decreased the volume of infarction (P < 0.05), while large-dose group showed more distinct decrease than other groups (P < 0.05). All treated groups at different times increased bcl-2 and decreased caspase-3 expression as well, while large-dose group showed more distinct effect (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: C. tinctorius injection can reduce the volume of cerebral infarction, and increased bcl-2 and decreased caspase-3 expression.