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Objective: To analyze the clinicopathological features, molecular changes and prognostic factors in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL)., Methods: Sixty-one cases AITL diagnosed by Department of Pathology of Peking University Cancer Hospital were collected with their clinical data. Morphologically, they were classified as typeⅠ[lymphoid tissue reactive hyperplasia (LRH) like]; typeⅡ[marginal zone lymphoma(MZL)like] and type Ⅲ [peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not specified (PTCL-NOS) like]. Immunohistochemical staining was used to evaluate the presence of follicular helper T-cell (TFH) phenotype, proliferation of extra germinal center (GC) follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), presence of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS)-like cells and large B transformation. The density of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) + cells was counted with slides stained by Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization on high power field (HPF). T-cell receptor / immunoglobulin gene (TCR/IG) clonality and targeted exome sequencing (TES) test were performed when necessary. SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis., Results: Morphological subtype (%): 11.4% (7/61) cases were classified as type Ⅰ; 50.8% (31/61) as type Ⅱ; 37.8% (23/61) as type Ⅲ. 83.6% (51/61) cases showed classical TFH immunophenotype. With variable extra-GC FDC meshwork proliferation (median 20.0%); 23.0% (14/61) had HRS-like cells; 11.5% (7/61) with large B transformation. 42.6% (26/61) of cases with high counts of EBV. 57.9% (11/19) TCR + /IG - , 26.3% (5/19) TCR + /IG + , 10.5% (2/19) were TCR － /IG － , and 5.3% (1/19) TCR － /IG + . Mutation frequencies by TES were 66.7% (20/30) for RHOA , 23.3% (7/30) for IDH2 mutation, 80.0% (24/30) for TET2 mutation, and 33.3% (10/30) DNMT3A mutation. Integrated analysis divided into four groups: (1) IDH2 and RHOA co-mutation group (7 cases): 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 1 case was type Ⅲ; all with typical TFH phenotype; HRS-like cells and large B transformation were not found; (2) RHOA single mutation group (13 cases): 1 case was type Ⅰ, 6 cases were type Ⅱ, 6 cases were type Ⅲ; 5 cases without typical TFH phenotype; 6 cases had HRS-like cells, and 2 cases with large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case showed TCR － /IG － , 1 case with TCR － /IG + , and 1 case with TCR + /IG + ; (3) TET2 and/or DNMT3A mutation alone group (7 cases): 3 cases were type Ⅱ, 4 cases were type Ⅲ, all cases were found with typical TFH phenotype; 2 cases had HRS-like cells, 2 cases with large B transformation, and atypically; (4) non-mutation group (3 cases), all were type Ⅱ, with typical TFH phenotype, with significant extra-GC FDC proliferation, without HRS-like cells and large B transformation. Atypically, 1 case was TCR － /IG － . Univariate analysis confirmed that higher density of EBV positive cell was independent adverse prognostic factors for both overall survival (OS) and progression free survival(PFS), ( P =0.017 and P =0.046)., Conclusion: Pathological diagnoses of ALTL cases with HRS-like cells, large B transformation or type Ⅰ are difficult. Although TCR/IG gene rearrangement test is helpful but still with limitation. TES involving RHOA , IDH2 , TET2 , DNMT 3 A can robustly assist in the differential diagnosis of those difficult cases. Higher density of EBV positive cells counts in tumor tissue might be an indicator for poor survival.

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of anorectal mucosal melanoma (ARMM), and to evaluate the prognostic factors., Methods: A total of 68 primary ARMM surgical specimens from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Slides were reviewed to evaluate pathological features. Slingluff staging method was used for staging., Results: (1) Clinical features: The median age at diagnosis in this group was 61.5 years, with a male-to-female ratio 1 ∶1.62. The most common complaint was blooding (49 cases). For anatomic site, anorectum was the prevalent (66.2%), followed by rectum (20.6%). At the time of diagnosis, 28 cases were stage Ⅰ (localized stage, 41.2%), 25 cases were stage Ⅱ (regional lymph node metastasis, 36.8%), and 15 cases were stage Ⅲ (distant metastasis, 22.1%). Five patients underwent wide local excision, the rest abdominoperineal resection, and 48 patients received adjuvant therapy after surgery. (2) Pathological features: Grossly 88.2% of the tumors were exophytic polypoid masses, with the median tumor size 3.5 cm and the median tumor thickness 1.25 cm. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae ranged from 0-5.00 cm (median 1.00 cm). The deepest site of tumor invasion reached muscular layer in 27 cases, and perirectal tissue in 16 cases. Melanin pigmentation was absent or not obvious in 67.6% of the cases. The predominant cytology was epithelioid (45 cases, 66.2%). The rate for ulceration, necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion was 89.7%, 35.3%, 55.9%, and 30.9%, respectively. The median mitotic count was 18/mm 2 . The positive rate of S100, HMB-45 and Melan-A were 92.0%, 92.6% and 98.0%, respectively. The median of Ki-67 was 50%. The incidences of mutations within CKIT , BRAF and NRAS genes were 17.0% (9 cases), 3.8% (2 cases) and 9.4% (5 cases), respectively. (3) Prognosis: Survival data were available in 66 patients, with a median follow-up of 17 months and a median survival time of 17.4 months. The 1-year, 2-year and 5-year overall survival rate was 76.8%, 36.8% and 17.2%, respectively. The rate of lymphatic metastasis at diagnosis was 56.3%. Forty-nine patients (84.5%) suffered from distant metastasis, and the most frequent metastatic site was liver. Univariate analysis revealed that tumor size (>3.5 cm), depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae (>1.0 cm), necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, BRAF gene mutation, lack of adjuvant therapy after surgery, deep site of tumor invasion, and high stage at diagnosis were all poor prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate model showed that lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation were independent risk factors for lower overall survival, and high stage at diagnosis showed borderline negative correlation with overall survival., Conclusion: The overall prognosis of ARMM is poor, and lymphovascular invasion and BRAF gene mutation are independent factors of poor prognosis. Slingluff staging suggests prognosis effectively, and detailed assessment of pathological features, clear staging and genetic testing should be carried out when possible. Depth of invasion below lamina muscularis mucosae of the tumor might be a better prognostic indicator than tumor thickness.

As a single-center retrospective study, we analyzed the results of rotavirus and human adenovirus antigens in stool samples with colloidal gold immunochromatography method in children with acute gastroenteritis under the age of five who were treated in our hospital from 2019 to 2022. After excluding nonconforming cases and duplicate cases, 2 896 cases were included, of which 559 cases were detected with at least one viral antigen. According to the test results, they were divided into RV positive group, HAdV positive group and RV & HAdV double positive group. The gender, age, seasonal distribution, clinical symptoms and related laboratory tests were compared and analyzed with χ 2 test, analysis of variance and nonparametric test. Among the single samples from 2 896 children, the positive rate of RV antigen was 6.21% (180/2 896), the positive rate of HAdV antigen was 10.91% (316/2 896), and the double positive rate of RV & HAdV was 2.18% (63/2 896). The positive rate of HAdV antigen in 2021 was 16.11%, a significant increase compared with 6.20% in 2020. RV infection has obvious seasonality, and spring and winter are the seasons with high incidence of infection ( χ 2 =74.018, P <0.001), while HAdV infection has no obvious seasonality ( χ 2 =2.110, P =0.550), showing sporadic infection throughout the year. The proportions of fever and vomiting symptoms in children with RV infection were significantly higher than those in the HAdV infection group ( χ 2 =40.401, P< 0.001; χ 2 =32.593, P <0.001), but the positive rate of white blood cells in the stool was significantly lower than that in the HAdV infection group ( χ 2 =13.741, P <0.01). In summary, paying attention to the epidemiological changes of RV and HAdV is of great significance for clinical diagnosis and treatment and disease prevention and control.

Corrosive sclerosing cholangitis is a rare postoperative complication of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Although corrosive sclerosing cholangitis is rare, it progresses rapidly and lacks effective treatments, which usually results in a poor prognosis. This case report retrospectively analyzed the treatment and diagnosis of a case with corrosive sclerosing cholangitis following surgical treatment of hepatic cystic echinococcosis, so as to provide insights into the diagnosis and treatment of corrosive sclerosing cholangitis.

The clinical manifestations, laboratory and imaging results, diagnosis and treatment and prognosis of 5 patients with mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were analyzed. It was found that the clinical characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder were very similar to that of gallbladder malignant tumor, and it was difficult to differentiate. Ultrasound guided gallbladder needle biopsy can confirm the diagnosis before surgery. Surgery is still the first choice of treatment. Since laparoscopic surgery has obvious advantages over open surgery, it is recommended to be preferentially used. If the tumor is under T2 stage and has no aggressive metastasis, the prognosis is generally good.

Imaging and serological approaches play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of alveolar echinococcosis; however, they also suffer from some problems during their applications in clinical practices, which urges the identification of potential diagnostic markers. Novel serological, genomics and proteomics diagnostic markers alone or in combination may increase the sensitivity and specificity in early diagnosis of alveolar echinococcosis, which play vital roles in monitoring of disease courses and prognostic evaluation. This review mainly presents the advances in the studies on novel diagnostic markers for alveolar echinococcosis.

A patient with cystic echinococcosis was presented with primary lesions in the waist and hip. The case was misdiagnosed as subcutaneous abscess at initial diagnosis, and then definitively diagnosed as echinococcosis by means of imaging examinations and anti- Echinococcus antibody test. This case was reported with aims to improve the awareness of cystic echinococcosis among clinical physicians to avoid and reduce the misdiagnosis and missing diagnosis.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence on imaging, topographic distribution and risk factors of perivascular space (PVS) in community population. Methods: This study was based on the population of Shunyi Study in China from June 2013 to September 2016. One thousand two hundred and thirty-two stroke free participants older than 35 years, who completed cerebral MRI, were included. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed by interview, physical examination and blood sample tests. PVS were evaluated on high-resolution 3-dimensional-T1WI, T2WI and FLAIR sequences. On T1WI, PVS were detected according to 3D imaging criteria. The number and anatomic location of large PVS (≥3 mm) were recorded. And severity of PVS was then semiquantitatively graded in both white matter (WM) and basal ganglia (BG). Associations between risk factors and PVS were analyzed by multinominal Logistic regression models and adjusted for age, gender and relevant confounders. Results: Perivascular spaces were observed in the BG or WM in every subject, aged (55±10) years and 37.3% male. Large PVS were detected in 19.0% (460/1 232) of participants. Severity of PVS was found to be strongly associated with age in both basal ganglia (severe versus mild: OR= 1.81; 95% CI 1.45-2.27, P< 0.01) and white matter ( OR= 1.39; 95% CI 1.13-1.71, P< 0.01), and the proportion of subjects with hypercholesterolemia decreased with the severity of PVS in BG ( OR= 0.58, P= 0.01) . The present of large PVS was found to be associated with age(present versus absent: OR= 1.03, 95 %CI 1.02-1.05, P< 0.01) and ApoE ε4 carrier genotype( OR= 1.53, 95 %CI 1.01-2.23, P= 0.04). Conclusions: Perivascular spaces are always detected in the BG or WM in elderly people, and large PVS are also prevalent in community-based population. The risk factors are different due to distribution and size, and may depend on anatomic or pathologic characteristics.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety and clinical value of endonasopharyngeal ultrasound-guided transnasopharyngeal needle aspiration (ENUS-TNNA) in the diagnosis of submucosal nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Clinical data of 9 patients from Sichuan Cancer Hospital with submucosal nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing ENUS-TNNA between December 2013 and January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The feasibility and safety were analyed. All 9 patients were all males with a mean age of (49.2±10.9) years. Results: Needle puncture biopsies were successfully performed in all cases, and sufficient tissue sample for histopathological examination was obtained from each of the 9 patients. No major bleeding or persistent bleeding occurred during and after puncture procedures. There were 5 patients with undifferentiated nonkeratinizing carcinoma and 4 patients poorly differentiated carcinoma. Conclusion: ENUS-TNNA is a safe, feasible and effective technique to provide a diagnosis of submucosal growth type of nasopharyngeal neoplasms, which has some clinical value.

Objective: To investigate a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI)-based morphological classification for acute isolated pontine infarcts (AIPI) and to assess differences in clinical characteristics, risk factors and functional outcomes among the different morphologies. Methods: All participants from SMART cohort with DWI-proven AIPI were included and categorized into 3 groups: basilar artery branch disease (BABD) group, small artery disease (SAD) group and large-artery-occlusive disease (LAOD) group, according to lesion extent of the transverse axial plane and basilar artery atherosclerosis severity. The clinical characteristics, vascular risk factors and 6-month's functional outcome was analyzed among 3 groups. Results: Of the 1 129 patients enrolled, 175 had AIPI. BABD was the most frequent subtype of AIPI (46.3%), followed by SAD (36.0%) and LAOD (17.7%). Neurological impairment on admission was more severe in the LAOD and BABD group than SAD group ( P <0.001). In terms of risk factors, the percentage of hypertension was significant different among three groups ( P <0.05). The average National Institute of Health stroke scale was 3.49 for SAD group, 5.93 for LAOD group, 5.97 for BABD group, and the differences were significant ( P <0.001). The Poor outcome (mRS>2) was found in only 13.7% of patients at 6-month post-stroke and there was no difference among 3 groups. Conclusions: According to the morphological classification, BABD is the most frequent subtype of AIPI. The differences of the clinical characteristics and risk factors among three groups indicate that differences observed in morphology might have distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms. AIPI can be reliably classified based on morphology using clinical magnetic resonance images.

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of MEHP on isolated rat heart and explore its mechanism. Methods: The experiments were performed with Langendorff-perfused rat heart with a Langendorff apparatus. 35 SD rats were used in the experiment and there were 5 rats per group. MEHP at doses of 3.125, 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L were given to the hearts for 25 minutes. Effects of NAC at concentration of 5 mmol/L were evaluated by co-treatment with 12.500 or 25.000 μmol/L MEHP. Data was collected per 5 minutes for 25 minutes. The heart rate, LVDP, LVEDP, dp/dtmax, and dp/dtmin were measured and analyzed using a PL3508 Data Acquisition and Analysis System. 200 waves at least were required each time. LDH contents in heart lavage fluid were determined by photometric assays using the automated biochemical analyzer. A section of the heart tissue was used for histopathological examination. DCFH-DA method was used to detect the levels of reactive oxygen species in different groups of heart tissues. Results: There was a concentration dependent decrease of heart rate ( P <0.05) . At concentrations of 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, MEHP significantly decreased the LVDP, dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin ( P <0.05) , and this decrease is more pronounced with perfusion time. As the MEHP was given up to 6.250, 12.500 and 25.000 μmol/L, a statistical significance was found in the increase of LVEDP ( P <0.05) . For dp/dtmin, a significant increase was observed at the concentration of 3.125 μmol/L when perfused with 10 and 15 min ( P <0.05) , but this increase disappeared over time. LDH in cardiac perfusate increased as the MEHP given a higher concentration ( P <0.05) . Compared with the control group, Histopathological analysis showed edema of myocardial tissue and cells, and inflammatory cells infiltration and myocardial cells necrosis were obvious in the MEHP perfusion groups. Myocardial ROS levels of the four MEHP treatment groups were all significantly higher than that of control group ( P <0.05) . These heart damage induced by MEHP could be attenuated by NAC in different degrees. Conclusion: MEHP can induce damage to myocardial tissue of isolated rat heart and one possible mechanism is the oxidative stress.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and drug related adverse reactions of sorafenib and sunitinib as first-line tyrosine-kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and analyze the clinical prognostic factor for survival. Methods: The data of 271 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had complete clinicopathological data were retrospectively analyzed, including 174 cases in sorafenib group and 97 cases in sunitinib group, to access patients' overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Prognostic values of all characteristics were determined by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression models. Results: The objective response rates (ORR) of the sorafenib and sunitinib groups were 14.9% and 19.6%, respectively, and the disease control rates (DCR) were 85.1% and 88.6%, respectively. No significant difference was found between the sorafenib and sunitinib group in ORR ( P =0.325) or DCR ( P =0.408). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events in the sorafenib group were hand-foot syndrome (6.7%), diarrhea (2.3%), and rash (2.3%). The most common grade 3 to 4 adverse events in the sunitinib group were neutropenia (6.2%), hand-foot syndrome (6.2%), and thrombocytopenia (4.6%). During the follow-up, 97 cases death occurred and 81 cases disease progression occurred in sorafenib group. The median PFS was 12 months (95% CI: 9-15 months), and the median OS was 25 months (95% CI: 21-29 months) in sorafenib group. While 74 cases death occurred and 40 cases disease progression occurred in sunitinib group, the median PFS was 12 months (95% CI: 10-12 months) and the median OS was 23 months (95% CI: 20-32 months) in sunitinib group. No significant difference was found between the sorafenib and the sunitinib group in PFS ( P =0.771) or OS ( P =0.548). Multivariate analysis showed Fuhrman grades ( HR =1.358, 95% CI: 1.004-1.835), number of metastatic sites ( HR =1.550, 95% CI: 1.143-2.101) and MSKCC risk grade (Intermediate risk group: HR =1.621, 95% CI: 1.117-2.232; Poor risk group: HR =2.890, 95% CI: 1.942-4.298) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Fuhrman grades ( HR =2.135, 95% CI: 1.533-2.974), number of metastatic sites ( HR =1.774, 95% CI: 1.279-2.461) and MSKCC risk grade (Intermediate risk group: HR =1.415, 95% CI: 1.002-1.998; Poor risk group: HR =3.161, 95% CI: 2.065-4.838) were independent prognostic factors for OS. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that sorafenib and sunitinib are both effective as the first-line TKIs for mRCC patients and sorafenib has comparable efficacy to sunitinib. But they have differences in the incidence of adverse effects. Fuhrman grades, number of metastatic sites and MSKCC risk grade are independent prognostic factors for mRCC patients.

Objectives: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of antibody mediated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome associated with thymoma. Methods: From 2012 to 2017, the paraneoplastic antibody and neuron antibody were tested from both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in consecutive patients clinically suspected with neurological paraneoplastic syndromes/unknown encephalitis in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.The clinical data, lab results, electrophysiological examinations, imaging features, treatment and clinical prognosis were collected.In this study, the patients who met the diagnostic criteria of both thymoma and neurological paraneoplastic syndrome were retrospectively analyzed.The functional severity was assessed by modified Rankin score(mRS). Results: Six patients (4 female and 2 male) were included for the analysis.Of them, 4 patients presented with limbic encephalitis, 1 with peripheral neuropathy accompanying with myasthenia gravis and 1 with spinal and cerebella degeneration.Three patients were in severe condition (mRS=5). Positive α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-iso xazolepropionic acid receptor, antibody (AMPAR) was identified in 3 patients(2 in blood and CSF, 1 in blood), CV2 plus acetylcholine receptor antibody (ACH-Ab) positive in blood was seen in 1 patient and positive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in blood and CSF in 1 patient. Brain MRI showed abnormalities in 2 patients.The CT scan revealed thymoma in all 6 patients.All patients received intravenous immunogloblin (IVIG) and/or glucocorticoid immediately after diagnosis.Furthermore, thymectomy was performed in 5 patients. All the patients were remarkably improved with mRS 0-1 at discharge.Five patients were clinical stable within follow-up of 1-2.5 years.However, one patient who refused thymectomy experienced several clinical recurrencs. Conclusions: Antibodies mediated paraneoplastic neurological syndrome/autoimmune encephalitis can occur in patients with thymoma with typical characteristics. The correlated antibody test and chest CT might be important in patients clinically suspected with neurological paraneoplastic syndrome or encephalitis with unknown reason. Surgical thymectomy combining with active immunological treatment may play a role in the favorable prognosis, even in those clinical severe patients.

Objective: To investigate the TNFAIP3/A20 abnormalities and its association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffinembedded tissue blocks of 54 CHL patients were collected and subjected to the construction of tissue microarray (TMA) for further analyses. EBV status was evaluated by in situ hybridization (ISH) for EBER1/2 and immunohistochemistry (IHC) with anti-LMP-1 antibody. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and IHC were performed to determine the copy number alterations of TNFAIP3 and A20 protein expression respectively. Results: The concordance rate of IHC for LMP-1 and ISH for EBER1/2 was100%, and 25.9% (14/54) cases were identified with EBV infection. Immunohistochemistry analysis demonstrated 27.8% (15/54) cases with A20 expression deficiency. Of the 54 cases tested for A20 expression, 49 cases were simultaneously analyzed by FISH, which showed 10 (20.4% ) cases harboring TNFAIP3 deletion. However, discrepancy was observed between the results of A20 by IHC and TNFAIP3 deletion by FISH. Only 1 case with TNFAIP3 deletion demonstrated complete loss of A20 immunoreactivity. In addition, comparison of the frequency of either A20 expression loss or TNFAIP3 deletion between EBV-positive and-negative cases did not reveal any significance ( P >0.05). Conclusion: TNFAIP3 deletion could be observed in both EBV-positive and - negative CHL cases. A20 expression by IHC could not confirm TNFAIP3 deletion by FISH, which might be related to the technical issues.

Objective: To investigate the expression of CD137 in HRS cells of classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (cHL), and its application in the pathological differential diagnosis., Methods: 54 cases of cHL with "HRS" cells, and 55 cases of non-cHL with "HRS-like" cells as control group were collected. "HRS" cells and "HRS-like" cells rich areas in slides were selected from relevant groups to produce two tissue microarrays. This study focused solely on "HRS" cells and "HRS-like" cells, immunohistochemical staining for antibodies including CD30, CD15, CD20, CD3, and PAX5 were performed on CHL cases, CD137 (clone BBK-2) immunostaining and EBER in situ hybridization were detected in both groups., Results: All cHL cases aged 22.0-68.0 (median 45.5) years with the male to female ratio as about 1.7∶1 primarily involved lymph nodes; while in the control group, 54 cases aged 12.0-81.0 (median 50.0) years with male∶female=1.9∶1 primarily located in nodes with only 1 case in skin. In the cHL group, CD30, CD15, CD20 and CD3 were positive in 100.0%, 70.4%, 18.5% and 0 cases in order, and PAX5 showed weak to moderate positive in 70.4% cases; the positive rate of EBER was 25.9% in cHL group, and 21.8% in the control group; The CD137 positive rates were 57.4% in cHL and 14.5% in the control groups with a significant difference (P<0.001). There were no significant differences when CD137 expressions were further compared according to the differences in age [elder group (aged 60) /non elderly group], gender (male/female), EBV infection (yes/no), histological subtype and the expression of those major diagnostic markers (positive/negative) in either cHL or control groups (all P valued>0.05). The positive rates of CD137 expression in cHL were significantly different when sub-grouped according to accession year before or after 2013 (39.4% vs 85.7%, P=0.001); However, no difference was seen in the control group (12.5% vs 16.1% , P=0.705). For those cases after 2013, the CD137 positive ratio of cHL group was more significantly different with the control one (85.7% vs 16.1%, P<0.001)., Conclusion: Frequent expression of CD137 in "HRS" cells of cHL cases from Northern China could be detected by IHC method, while the CD137 expression was much lower in "HRS-like" cells of the control group. The positive rate of CD137 expression by immunohistochemical staining significantly increased in this cohort stored less than 3 years, which might be more reliable. CD137 might be potentially applied on pathological differential diagnosis of cHL.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of oligostilbenes from Vitis davidii., Method: Compounds were isolated with polystyrene resin RA, silica gel and C18 column chromatography. The structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic evidence., Result: Seven compounds were obtained and identified as resveratrol, heyneanol A, ampelopsin E, amurensin B, (+)-epsilon-viniferin, vitisin A and amurensin G., Conclusion: All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents in the twigs and leaves of Ligustrum obtusifolium., Method: Seven compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the twigs and leaves by polystyrene resin RA and silica gel column chromatography. The structures were identified by spectral analysis., Result: Of the seven compounds isolated six were identified as luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-pinoresinol-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-medioresinol and (-)-olivil., Conclusion: luteolin, luteolin-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-medioresionnol and (-)-olivil were isolated from this plant for the first time.

This experiment was to study the mechanism of ATP anticancer effects. By using flow cytometry, Scrape-Loading and dye transfer (SLDT), dot hybridization methods, changes of cell cycle phase distribution, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), and oncogene expression were observed in human stomach mucous glandular carcinoma (MGC-803) cells treated with ATP (0.23 mg/ml). It was found that ATP inhibited the proliferation and arrested cell cycle in S phase. The ATP-treated MGC-803 cells increased in GJIC, and decreased in expression of c-Ha-ras oncogene. These results indicated that the inhibition of proliferation and increased GJIC was closely correlated with the reduction of c-Ha-ras oncogene expression.

Development of primary cultured chicken myogenic cells were studied using living cell micro-morphoanalysis, muscle specific protein immunofluorescent double staining, image projection analysis and 3H-TdR incorporation autoradiography methods. Changes in single, normal newborn myoblasts from the time of their last mitosis until 22 hr old were followed. All +/- 4 hr myoblasts were desmin+ and most were positive for alpha-actinin, zeugmatin, troponin-I (TnI), alpha-actin. titin, nebulin and myosin heavy chain (MHC). There was no obligatory temporal or spatial sequence in the order of the appearance of the major myofibrillar proteins. Nascent sister myoblasts assumed an exceptionally elongated bipolar morphology that is as singular to mononucleated postmitotic myoblasts as is their capacity to transcribe myofibrillar genes. The assembly of non-striated myofibrils (NSMFs) was evident in all 6-8 hr cells and was initiated in the absence of myomesin and C-protein. Myomesin first appeared along NSMFs in 10-14 hr old cells. C-protein was only found localized to transverse doublets bisecting 1.6 microns wide A-bands of assembled sarcomeres. Each newly assembled sarcomere presented the same invariant distribution of proteins that is found in adult sarcomeres. There is a lag of 16 or more hours between the first appearance of most of the major myofibrillar proteins and their assembly into NSMFs and the first appearance of striated myofibrils (SMFs). The observations indicated that the majority of normal myoblasts up-regulate the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins prior to, not after, fusion. In brief, new-born +/- 4 hr myoblasts expressed their differentiation program in the process as (1) withdrawal from the cell cycle: (2) initiation of synthesis and accumulation of desmin and 7 early myofibrillar proteins: (3) cellular elongation and assembly of NSMFs and SMFs: (4) acquisition of a fusion-competent sarcolemma. The expression of this cell autonomous myogenic differentiation program is distorted or blocked in rhabdomyosarcoma RD cells. The majority of RD cells expressed desmin (50-90%): among these desmin+ cells, 10-20% incorporated 3H-TdR. In addition, 60-78% of the mitotic cells were desmin+. Most desmin+ cells were myofibrillar protein negative. Only a small number of tumor cells (5-10%) expressed MHC, titin, alpha-actinin and s-alpha-actin. 3H-TdR positive nuclei were observed in these myofibrillar protein+ cells: 11-12% in titin+ or nebulin+ cells and 4% in MHC+ cells. But none of the mitotic cells were myofibrillar protein+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

The changes in the ultrastructure of fibrillar centres, morphological type of nucleolus, and the content of Ag-nucleolus protein of Sodium Butyrate treated MGC-803 cells have been studied. It was found that the number of fibrillar centres and Ag-staining granules, content of Ag-staining protein of nucleolus were decreased, and nucleolar morphological type was changed from reticulated to ring-shaped in NaBT treated MGC-803 cells. These results indicate that NaBT regulate the proliferation and differentiation of cells by inhibiting rRNA synthesis and rDNA transcriptional activity.

A Chinese herb, wikstroemia Chamaedaphen (WC) extract, recently has been shown to be a potential tumor promoting agent on uterine cervical carcinoma induced by HSV-2 or MCA in mice. To determine whether the tumor promoting effects of WC extract were mediated through inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) with relation to cellular growth, experiments were conducted on Chinese hamster V79 cells and rat WB liver cells by utilization of SLDT method for GJIC detection and cell growth curve examination, 3H-TdR incorporation, mitotic index (MI) and Flow Cytometry (FCM) methods. TPA was used for comparative purpose. WC extract inhibited GJIC and stimulated cell growth in a dose (2-200 micrograms/ml) and time (0-72 hr)-dependent manner in both cell lines. Both WC extract and TPA treatments increased V79 cell growth rate. The average cell doubling-time was decreased from 36.5 hr in control V79 cells to 28.2 hr in WC extract (10 micrograms/ml) and 20.9 hr in TPA (50 ng/ml) treatment by the 3rd day. Stimulating effect of both drugs on DNA synthesis of V79 cells was demonstrated. The results of FCM and MI indicated that the cell number of M-phase cells was increased after drug treatment. It is suggested that (1) tumor promoting effect of WC extract might be mediated through inhibition of GJIC: (2) inhibition of GJIC is closely correlated with increased cell growth rate and entry of cell division cycle.