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This paper discusses the reliability deployment of Service Function Chain (SFC) on the hybrid satellite network based on SDN architecture. Firstly, this paper describes the reliability protection problem of SFC, establishes the underlying network and SFC request model, and then establishes the reliability requirement model of network service function and the reliability requirement model of LEO satellite link, and clarifies the optimization goals and constraints. Then, a reliability-based satellite service function chain protection method is proposed, including a reliability protection algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning and a reliability backup algorithm based on LEO satellite node and link. Experiments show that the proposed reliability-based satellite service function chain protection method can improve the SFC request acceptance rate, reduce the average delay, and maintain high request acceptance on hybrid satellite networks based on SDN architecture.

Objective To investigate the effect of circadian clock protein cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) on angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ)-induced phenotypic transformation of mouse aorta smooth muscular cells. Methods VSMCs were divided into control group and experimental group. VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of Ang Ⅱ for various time, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), osteopontin (OPN) and CRY1 expressions in VSMCs were detected via RT-qPCR and Western blot. VSMCs were transfected with knockdown vector siCRY1 and siYAP1 or overexpression vector, and the corresponding gene expression was detected with RT-PCR and Western blot. VSMCs were divided into 4 groups: Control group, Ang Ⅱ group, Ang Ⅱ+siCRY1 group and Ang Ⅱ+pcDNA-CRY1 group. siCRY1, siYAP1, pcDNA-CRY1 were transfected into VSMCs induced by Ang Ⅱ for observation on α-SMA, CRY1, OPN and YAP1 at mRNA and protein levels detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. CCK-8 method were used to measure proliferation capacity. Results VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of Ang Ⅱ for various time, the expression of CRY1 was decreased in a model of Ang Ⅱ-induced VSMC phenotypic transformation, which contractile markers down-regulated and synthetic markers up-regulated at mRNA and protein levels. After VSMCs were transfected with siCRY1, siYAP1 and pcDNA-CRY1, the expression of CRY1 decreased in siCRY1 group and increased in pcDNA-CRY1 group, while the expression of YAP1 decreased in siYAP1 group and increased in siCRY1 group.Knockdown of CRY1 could stimulate the transformation of VSMCs from contractile phenotype into synthetic phenotypes by further activating expression of synthetic markers and CRY1(P＜0.05), inhibiting expression of contractile markers and YAP1(P＜0.05), the proliferation of VSMCs increased significantly(P＜0.05). While overexpressed CRY1 could block the phenotypic transformation, the expression of synthetic markers and CRY1 was reduced and contractile markers and YAP1 was increased both at mRNA and protein levels(P＜0.05), the proliferation of VSMCs inhibited(P＜0.05). Conclusions CRY1 may inhibit switch of mouse VSMCs phenotypes induced by Ang Ⅱ and inhibit VSMCs proliferation, which is potentially related to the Hippo-YAP signaling pathway.

In this work, the effects of addition of different amounts (2%, 4% and 6%) of soy protein isolate (SPI), egg white protein (EWP) and whey protein isolate (WPI) on the structure of silver carp surimi myofibrillar protein (MP) and its ability to bind to fishy-odor compounds (hexanal, nonanal, and 1-octen-3-ol) were investigated. The results indicated that adding an appropriate amount of external proteins could promote the unfolding of MP, thus increasing its surface hydrophobicity, turbidity, particle size, and zeta-potential. Moreover, the exposed hydrophobic group enhanced the ability of MP to bind to hexanal and nonanal, and the exposed hydroxyl group enhanced the ability of MP to bind to 1-octen-3-ol. With increasing amount of added EWP and WPI, the capacity of MP to bind to 1-octen-3-ol increased due to the increased hydrophilic groups on the protein surface. In addition, addition of WPI could better enhance the capacity of MP to bind to the three fishy-odor compounds.

In order to improve the wear resistance, the WC - CoCr coating prepared by HVOF with a vacuum heat treatment at different temperatures was studied in the aspects of phase structure, microstructure, hardness and friction and wear properties by means of XRD, SEM, micro - Vickers hardness tester and friction tester. Results showed that the phase composition of the coating with a heat treatment at 600 ℃ was consistent with that without heat treatment. However, when the heat treatment temperature was euqal to or higher than 750 ℃, the Co6W6C phase and Co25Cr25W8C2 phase were formed in the coating, and the contents of such phases increased with the rising of heat treatment temperature. While the temperature increased, the porosity of the coating decreased first and then increased, the hardness of the coating increased first and then decreased, and the coating with a heat treatment at 750 ℃ for 1 h obtained the maximum hardness value of 1 535 HV0.5 N. Moreover, the average friction coefficient of the coating first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable. When the heat treatment temperature was equal to or higher than 750 ℃, the average friction coefficient of the coating decreased by about 51.8% compared with that of the untreated coating. Besides, the wear rate of the coating decreased rapidly first and then increased, and the coating with a heat treatment at 750 ℃ obtained the minimum wear rate of about 1.91 μg/m, which decreased by about 93.9% compared with that of the untreated coating.

ObjectiveTo explore an improved method for constructing a mouse model of aortic dissection (AD).MethodsAD was induced by the simultaneous administration of β-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) with angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang-Ⅱ) for 16 days in mice. One hundred 6-week-old male C57B1/6J mice were randomly divided into BAPN (BAPN 0.1 g•kg-1•d-1 + 0.9% saline), BAPN+Ang-Ⅱ (BAPN 0.1 g•kg-1•d-1 + Ang-Ⅱ), and control groups. BAPN (0.1 g•kg-1•d-1), freshly prepared and dissolved in drinking water, was administered to all mice in the BAPN and BAPN + Ang-Ⅱ groups for 16 days. Mice in the BAPN+Ang-Ⅱ group were treated with an additional subcutaneous injection of Ang-Ⅱ for 16 days. The concentration of Ang-Ⅱ was halved from 1.5 mg•kg-1•d-1 every week until it was set at 0.375 mg•kg-1•d-1 on day 15, and then maintained. The daily water intake and body weight were recorded from the beginning until the end of the study. If a mouse died during the experiment, an autopsy was performed to analyze the cause of death. On day 17, the mice were sacrificed, and each aorta was harvested. The formation of the aortic false lumen was observed pathologically using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.ResultsCompared with the control group, the amount of water consumed and body weight in the BAPN+Ang-Ⅱ and BAPN groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). In the control group, the incidence of dissection and mortality was 0.0%. In the BAPN group, the incidence of AD and the mortality was 7.5% and 2.5%, respectively. In the BAPN+Ang-Ⅱ group, the incidence of AD and the mortality was 80.0% and 30.0%, respectively. Interestingly, the deaths in the BAPN+Ang-Ⅱ group occurred frequently at 1-3 days after dose adjustment, and 83.3% of the mice died a few minutes after the operation.ConclusionThis modified method for constructing an AD mouse model induced by BAPN drinking combined with Ang-Ⅱ subcutaneous injection was replicable, regular, effective, cheap, and quick.

With the advent of intelligent manufacturing and big data, the Made in China 2025 Initiative and Industry 4.0 have been paying increasing attention to automation and intelligent industrial equipment. In the background of the present times, the complexity and intelligence of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools have been continuously improved, and the types and descriptions of CNC machine tools’ faults have increased, presenting serious challenges to equipment maintenance and diagnosis of CNC machine tools. In order to provide guarantee for accurate fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools, and to prolong the service life of CNC machine tools, it is necessary to improve the performance of named entity recognition system. Accordingly, the named entity recognition in the equipment and faults field of CNC machine tools were studied, taking the historical examinations and repair records of CNC machine tools as the research object. After analyzing the characteristics of fault description in the historical examinations and repair records, a named entity recognition method was proposed based on the combination of bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and conditional random field with loop (L-CRF). The first step is to input a sentence and segment and label the input sentence. The annotation corpus is combined with the pre-trained generated word vector by using Skip-gram model in Word2vec, and the word vector is converted into a word vector sequence through the word embedding layer. In the second step, the word vector sequence is integrated into the BLSTM layer to learn long term dependency information. The final step is to input the sentence expression into the L-CRF layer to obtain the global optimal sequence. The experimental results show that the method is superior to other named entity recognition methods, which lays a solid foundation for the intelligent maintenance and the real-time diagnostic tasks of CNC machine tools.

Objective To follow up the outcome of 2455 patients with epilepsy (the cohort) treated by phenobarbital (PB) during the WHO⁃Global Campaign Against Epilepsy Demonstration Project (GCAE/DP) in rural China after 4 years of its termination, to provide practical evidence for community control of epilepsy in rural China. Methods In 2008, the trained local township physicians, using a well⁃designed questionnaire, by door⁃to⁃door interview, followed up the cohort residents in 8 counties of 6 provinces where the GCAE/DP was conducted and completed for 4 years. Results One thousand seven hundred and eighty of the 2455 patients were visited in the follow⁃up study. Nine hundred and thirty⁃nine (52.75%) were still taking PB, the effectiveness rates (seizure free and seizure frequency reduced > 50%) among them at 12, 24, 36, 48 months after the GCAE/DP were 66.77% (627/939), 68.37% (642/939), 71.35% (670/939), 73.06% (686/939), respectively. In 841 patients (47.25%) who stopped taking PB, 244 cases (29.01%) were seizure free, 320 (38.05%) still had seizures but discontinued the treatment, 277 (32.94%) were treated by other antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Chi ⁃ square test was used to compare the therapeutic effectiveness in 939 patients continuing taking PB and 841 patients abandoning PB. Patients continuing taking PB had a better outcome than patients abandoning PB (χ2 = 12.423, P = 0.002). The main reasons of PB withdrawal were seizure free (29.01%), taking other AEDs (32.94%), no free drug or no money (11.06%), effect was not good or PB was not available (6.42% ). Two hundred and six patients died between 2002 and 2008. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for the cohort was 19.10. The three leading causes of death were: accidents (n = 59, 28.64% ), cerebrovascular diseases (n = 30, 14.56% ) and status epilepticus (n = 28, 13.59%). Conclusion The GCAE/DP was successful and with long term good results, so it is worthy for further promotion. The mortality rate was very high in the people with epilepsy in this sudy, especially deaths from accidents, which should be noticed. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.007

The working principle and design of software and hardware of a new type of measuring device for air flow and air pressure of mine-used local fan based on MSP430149 single-chip microcomputer were introduced. The device has functions of real-time display of air flow and air pressure and alarming when ventilation stops, and can convert air flow and air pressure signals to frequency signals and transfer the signals to upper computer. The device is suitable for all kinds of underground local axial fans and fills a domestic gap in this field. The testing result showed that the device has advantages of easy operation and high measuring precision and reliability.

The changes in organic carbon content in different sized soil particles under different land use patterns partly reflect the variation of soil carbon, being of significance in revealing the process of soil organic carbon cycle. Based on the long-term monitoring of soil erosion, and by the methods of soil particle size fractionation, this paper studied the effects of different land use types (waste- land, pinewood land, and grassland) on the distribution of organic carbon content in different sized soil particles and its relationships to the herb biomass. Land use type and slope position had obvious effects on the organic carbon content in different sized soil particles, and the organic carbon content was in the order of grassland ? pinewood land ? wasteland. The proportion of the organic carbon in different sized soil particles was mainly depended on the land use type, and had little relation- ships with slope position. According to the analysis of the ratio of particle-associated organic carbon to mineral-associated organic carbon (POC/ MOC), the soil organic carbon in grassland was easily to be mineralized, whereas that in wasteland and pinewood land was relatively stable. On the slopes mainly in hilly red soil region, the soil organic carbon in sand fraction had great effects on herb biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the investigation data from a subtropical wetland having been abandoned from paddy agriculture for one year, a redundancy analysis was conducted on the relationships between vegetation community and soil factors in the wetland. It was found that soil moisture regime, available K and P, and pH were the main factors affecting the distribution of plant species. The common plant species could be classified into three groups, i. e., Ludwigia prostrata - Murdannia triquetra group (G1), Hemarthria altissima - Rotala rotundifolia - Lapsana apogonoides group (G2), and Conyza canadensis - Polygonum hydropiper - Paspalum pasaloides group (G3). G1 mainly distributed on the soils with higher available K, G2 mainly distributed in periodically flooded area, while G3 mainly distributed in drainage area and was positively correlated to soil available P and pH. Species diversity and above-ground biomass had significant positive correlations with soil pH and total K, respectively, while evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with soil available N. No significant correlations were observed among other indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the changes in plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) level and their relationship with white matter microstructure in the patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI) and vascular mild cognitive impairment (vMCI).Methods A total of 36 aMCI patients,20 vMCI patients,and 34 sex and age matched healthy controls (HC) in the outpatient and inpatient departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University were enrolled in this study.Neuropsychological scales,including the Mini-Mental State Examination,the Montreal Cognitive Assessment,and the Activity of Daily Living Scale,were employed to assess the participants.Plasma samples of all the participants were collected for the measurement of Aβ42 and Aβ40 levels.All the participants underwent magnetic resonance scanning to obtain diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.The DTI indexes of 48 white matter regions of each individual were measured (based on the ICBM-DTI-81 white-matter labels atlas developed by Johns Hopkins University),including fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD).The cognitive function,plasma Aβ42,Aβ40,and Aβ42/40 levels,and DTI index were compared among the three groups.The correlations between the plasma Aβ42/40 levels and DTI index of aMCI and vMCI patients were analyzed.Results The Mini-Mental State Examination and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores of aMCI and vMCI groups were lower than those of the HC group (all P <0.001).There was no significant difference in the Activity of Daily Living Scale score among the three groups ( P =0.654).The plasma Aβ42 level showed no significant difference among the three groups ( P =0.227).The plasma Aβ40 level in the vMCI group was higher than that in the HC group ( P =0.014),while it showed no significant difference between aMCI and HC groups ( P =1.000).The plasma Aβ42/40 levels in aMCI and vMCI groups showed no significant differences from that in the HC group ( P =1.000, P =0.105),while the plasma Aβ42/40 level was lower in the vMCI group than in the aMCI group ( P =0.016).The FA value of the left anterior limb of internal capsule in the vMCI group was lower than those in HC and aMCI groups (all P =0.001).The MD values of the left superior corona radiata,left external capsule,left cingulum (cingulate gyrus),and left superior fronto-occipital fasciculus in the vMCI group were higher than those in HC ( P =0.024, P =0.001, P =0.003, P <0.001) and aMCI ( P =0.015, P =0.004, P =0.019, P =0.001) groups,while the MD values of the right posterior limb of internal capsule ( P =0.005, P =0.001) and left cingulum (hippocampus) ( P =0.017, P =0.031) in the aMCI and vMCI groups were higher than those in the HC group.In the aMCI group,plasma Aβ42/40 level was positively correlated with FA of left posterior limb of internal capsule ( r =0.403, P =0.015) and negatively correlated with MD of the right fonix ( r =-0.395, P =0.017).In the vMCI group,plasma Aβ42/40 level was positively correlated with FA of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the right anterior limb of internal capsule ( r =0.575, P =0.008; r =0.639, P =0.002),while it was negatively correlated with MD of the right superior cerebellar peduncle and the right anterior limb of internal capsule ( r =-0.558, P =0.011; r =-0.626, P =0.003).Conclusions Plasma Aβ levels vary differently in the patients with aMCI and vMCI.The white matter regions of impaired microstructural integrity differ in the patients with different dementia types in the early stage.The plasma Aβ levels in the patients with aMCI and vMCI are associated with the structural integrity of white matter,and there is regional specificity between them.

The characteristics and sources of DOM in sediments are significantly affected by fluctuations in lake water levels. However, the impact of spatial differences on water levels remain unclear. Here, 36 sediment samples were collected from the flood passage and coastal beach of East Dongting Lake. The differences in the composition and source of DOM in sediments under perennial inundation and seasonal inundation were studied using UV-visible absorbance (UV-Vis) and fluorescent excitation-emission matrix (EEM)-parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC). Three fluorescent components of DOM in the sediment were identified. The relative abundance of protein-like components was as high as (72.95±8.94)%, including tryptophan (C2) and tyrosine (C3). However, the humic-like component (C1) abundance was (27.05±8.94)%. Compared with that in perennial inundation, DOM in seasonal inundation had a higher and lower relative abundance of protein-like components and humic-like components, respectively. Further, the aromatic and hydrophobic components were higher in perennial inundation, showing a spatial pattern of the middle>entrance>outlet of the lake, which was more conducive to the migration of pollutants. The high FI (1.93) and BIX (0.91) and low HIX (1.57) indicated that the DOM in sediments had the mixed characteristics of being mainly endogenic and relatively weakly terrigenous. This was mainly influenced by human input and sediment characteristics. The direct effect of sewage discharge was intensified by sediment exposure in the seasonal inundation zone. Additionally, the contents of clay and total nitrogen (TN) were significantly positively correlated with FI, indicating that high nutrients and clay in sediments enhanced the endogenous input of DOM (FI>1.9). The perennial inundation zone was influenced by external runoff input. At the same time, the pH and C/N were significantly positively correlated with HIX and C1, indicating that DOM in the sediments had higher terrigenic characteristics (HIX=1.38±0.57) than those in the seasonal inundation zone owing to the alkaline environment (pH>7.5) and runoff input. The results above revealed the relevant theories of the response of DOM in sediment to water quality and pollution in the process of hydrology and human activities and provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of sediment pollution in lakes.

The adsorption of heavy metals by suspended sediment particles is a key process in the migration of heavy metals in lakes and is affected by various environmental conditions. To reveal the effects and mechanisms of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the adsorption of copper ions by suspended sediment particles, a Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption test was conducted through a laboratory simulation test. The results showed that DOM promoted the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) onto the suspended particles. Under the respective influences of fulvic acid and DOM extracted from the sediment of the Xiangjiang River, the adsorption percentage of Cu(Ⅱ) increased from 71.51% to 75.31% and 85.69%. Scanning electron microscope-energy spectroscopy results showed that under the influence of DOM, Cu(Ⅱ) existed inside the sediment particles after being adsorbed. The results of UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy showed that Cu(Ⅱ) and DOM were first complexed and then dissociated during the adsorption reaction. The results of fluorescent excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy combined with parallel factor analysis and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation analysis indicate that protein-like components promoted the adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) onto the sediment suspended particles. In particular, tyrosine-like components played a critical role in promoting adsorption. However, humic-like components hardly promote this adsorption. This study has improved the theory of heavy metal migration in lakes and can be used as a basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in sediments.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of the simple nucleus pulposus removal and small incision interlaminar window in the treatment of prolapsed and displaced lumbar disc herniation., Methods: From February 2016 to February 2018, 35 patients with single-segment prolapse and displaced lumbar disc herniation were treated by the simple nucleus pulposus removal and small incision interlaminar window under general anesthesia. Among them, there were 21 males and 14 females;aged (42±17) years;27 cases of L 4,5 segment, 6 cases of L 5 S 1 segment, 2 cases of L 3,4 segment;20 cases on the left side, 13 cases on the right side. Modified Macnab standard was used to evaluate postoperative symptoms and functional recovery., Results: All the operations were successful and the operation time was 30 to 60 min with an average of 40 min, the intraoperative blood loss was 10 to 30 ml with an average of 20 ml. All the patients were followed up for 1 to 3 years with an average of 1.2 years. Thirty-five patients with low back pain and lower limb symptoms were significantly relieved or disappeared. According to modified Macnab standard, 29 cases obtained excellent results, 5 good, and 1 fair., Conclusion: Applying the concept of minimally invasive operation, small incision interlaminar window and simple nucleus pulposus removal for the treatment of prolapsed and displaced lumbar disc herniation has the advantages of short operation time, definite curative effect, and less trauma. And it is a safe and effective surgical method under the premise of strict control of the indications.

Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid has effects in clearing away heat and detoxifying,and is used to treat pharynx and throat swelling caused by the syndrome of excessive heat and toxin accumulation. Its efficacy is to relieve swelling and pain( redness,swelling and hot pain). It is included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia of 2015 Edition,and has been listed in provincial health insurance directories of Shaanxi,Jiangsu,Liaoning,Hunan,Tianjin,Xinjiang and Hebei. It has been recommended by health departments of Beijing,Chongqing and other provinces as a preferred drug for the prevention and treatment of H1 N1 and HFMD,and listed in the diagnosis and Treatment Guide of HFMD by the Ministry of Health,the Clinical Application Guide of Chinese Patent Medicine edited by the Lung Department Disease Branch of China Association of Chinese Medicine,and the Clinical Practice Guide of Single Administration/Combined Administration of Antibiotics in Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases by China Association of Chinese Medicine. To further improve the clinician&apos;s understanding of drugs and better guide the rational clinical application,we invited front-line clinical experts from respiratory department,infectious department and dermatology of traditional Chinese and Western medicine to develop and compile the expert consensus. The consensus fully considered the clinical evidence and the expert clinical experience to give recommendations for clinical problems with evidence support and consensus suggestions for clinical problems without evidence support by the nominal group method.This consensus is based on clinical research evidence and expert experience in a simple and clear format,which provides a preliminary reference for the clinical use of the drug.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC) in a single center in China., Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the patients with single EGC lesion who received ESD in Peking University Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to December 2013.Their clinicopathologic data, resectability, curability, complications and follow-up data were assessed., Results: A total of 116 patients were enrolled in the study. The patients included 88 men and 28 women, with a median age of 63 years (range: 25-80 years).The post-operative histology of the lesions included 28 (24.1%) high grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 35 (30.2%) well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 35 (30.2%) moderated differentiated adenocarcinoma and 18 (15.5%) poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Of all the lesions, 75.0% (87/116) were confined into mucosa, 15.5% (18/116) invaded SM1 (<500 μm from the muscularis mucosae) and 9.5% (11/116) invaded SM2 (≥ 500 μm from the muscularis mucosae). The mean tumor size was (1.49 ± 0.96) cm, and the rate of ulceration was 14.7% (17/116). The en bloc resection rates were 96.7% (111/116), complete resection rates were 93.1% (108/116) and curative resection rates were 77.6% (90/116). According to the curability, 62 (53.4%) cases were classified into the standard curative resection (sCR) group, 28 (24.2%) into the expanded curative resection (eCR) group and 26 (22.4%) into the non-curative resection (nCR) group. The mean tumor size of the sCR group was smaller than that of the eCR and nCR group (t=-4.121, P<0.001 and t=-3.420, P=0.001). In the nCR group, the portion of type 0-III lesion and ulceration were significantly higher (χ² = 10.287, P=0.006 and χ² = 17.737, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, EGC with ulceration and submucosal invasion were the risk factors for non-curative resection (OR=6.634, P=0.006 and OR=12.735, P<0.001). The ESD-related complications included 4 (3.4%) post-operative bleeding, 3 (2.6%) intra-operative perforation, 2 (1.7%) cardiac stenosis and 1 (0.9%) heart failure. In the study, 106 of the 116 patients received periodic follow-up, during a median follow-up of 22 months (12-47 months). Local tumor recurrence developed in 1 patient of the eCR group 8 months post the ESD., Conclusion: ESD is a safe and feasible option for EGC in China, ulceration and submucosal invasion are associated with non-curative resection, and post-operative bleeding and intra-operative perforation should be concerned as the main complications.

In order to study the effects of different phosphate addition amounts on migration and transformation of heavy metals (Cu, Zn) in soil, an indoor leaching experiment using soil columns was carry out to study the leaching behavior of Cu and Zn. The KH2PO4 was chosen as the fertilizer application at the doses of 5 mg.kg-1, 15 mg.kg-1 and 25 mg.kg-1. The results showed that KH2PO4, could reduce the leachate pH, but different phosphate amounts had little effect on leachate pH, pH in leachate kept rising in the whole leaching process. With the application of KH2PO4, Cu migration was mainly in the surface layer while Zn migrated into deeper soil. Concentrations of Cu, Zn in deep soil leachate were low indicating that it was harmless to the shallow groundwater. After leaching, heavy metals mainly existed in the residual form in soil, the proportion of residual form of Cu was around 60% and the proportion of residual form of Zn was around 40%. High concentration of KH2PO4 helps the transformation of Zn from residual organic combination state to exchange state.

Objective: To study the expression and prognostic significance of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in different melanocytic lesions., Methods: The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in 39 cases of benign nevus, 58 cases of primary cutaneous melanoma, 24 cases of primary mucosal melanoma, 69 cases of melanoma with lymph node metastasis and 8 cases of melanoma with distant metastasis were studied by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray., Results: The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 was higher in benign nevi than in melanomas (P < 0.01). The nuclear expression of galectin-3 was higher in primary cutaneous melanomas than in primary mucosal melanomas or melanomas with metastases (P < 0.01, respectively). The expression correlated with age of patients (P < 0.05), necrosis (P < 0.05) and survival time (P < 0.01). Clark's level also correlated with survival time in patients with cutaneous melanomas (P = 0.037). TNM staging was the only independent prognostic factor for melanomas (P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 is decreased in melanomas. The decrease in nuclear expression of galectin-3 may represent a poor prognostic factor for melanomas. TNM staging is an independent prognostic factor which influences the survival time.

Objective: To observe the clinical effect and safety of Sulfasalazine (SASP) combined with ZHUANG medicine mediated thread moxibustion (ZMMTM) for patients with mild and moderate ulcerative colitis (UC)., Methods: A total of 46 UC patients were randomly and equally divided into moxibustion group (SASP combined with ZMMTM) and SASP medication group. Patients of both groups were treated by oral administration of SASP (1 g, tid) for six weeks. For patients of the moxibustion group, ZMMTM was applied to points Tianshu (ST 25), Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), and Dachangshu (BL 25), once a day, for 20 times. The therapeutic effect was assessed according to Schroeder and colleagues' method (1987), scores of Baron' s endoscope scale (0 - 9 scoring standards, 1964), 0 - 3 scoring standards of activity indexes (including 4 items of diarrhea, hemorrhage, mucosal appearance and doctors' evaluation), respectively., Results: Of the two 32 UC patients in the medication and moxibustion groups, 6 and 9 had a complete remission in their symptoms, 6 and 7 experienced a remarkable improvement, 5 and 6 were effective, and 6 and 1 was invalid, with the effective rates being 73.91% and 95.65%, respectively. Following the treatment, both endoscopic score and activity index in the moxibustion group were significantly lower than those of the medication group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: ZMMTM combined with medication is significantly superior to simple medication in relieving clinical symptoms of mild and moderate UC patients.

Objective: To investigate the irradiation induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in vitro., Methods: NPC CNE-2 cells with radioresistance (CNE-2-Rs) were established by exposure to gradiently increased dose of irradiation. CCK-8 cell viability kits, colony formation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were used to confirm the capacity of radioresistance of CNE-2-Rs cells. Invert microscope was used to monitor the morphological changes and western blot was applied to detect the expression of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and mesenchymal cell marker Vimentin during the phase of CNE-2 exposure to irradiation., Results: Irradiation exposure successfully induced the radioresistance of CNE-2 cells. After exposed to irradiation, the survival rate in CNE-2-Rs was higher than that in CNE-2 by CCK-8 assays. No significant difference of proliferation ability was observed between the CNE-2 and CNE-2-Rs pre-radiotherapy, but a higher proliferation ability in the CNE-2-Rs post-radiotherapy. By using the colony forming assay, the parameters of CNE-2 and CNE-2-Rs in multi-target single-hit and linear quadratic model were obtained and the data demonstrated that parameters mean lethal dose (D0) , quasi-thres hold dose (Dq) , surrival fraction in 2Qy (SF2) and mean inctivation dose (MID) value increased, α and α/β value decreased (P < 0.05) . At the same time, the CNE-2-Rs cells showed higher percentage of cells in S and G2 phase (P < 0.05) . In terms of biomorphology, CNE-2-Rs cells were more narrow, long strips or fusiform shapes, stretched out tentacles, and the contacts between them were loosened. When radiation dose accumulated to 24 Gy, an over-expression of Vimentin was observed in treated cells, while E-cadherin was down-regulated (P < 0.01) ., Conclusions: NPC cells present with typical morphorlogical and biomolecular changes of EMT during exposure to irradiation, indicating the potential critical roles of EMT in the malignant behavior of radioresistance in NPC.

Objective: To explore the correlations of serum total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL) and uric acid (UA) with myasthenia gravis (MG)., Methods: A total of 131 MG patients were selected as MG group and 176 healthy cases as control group. They were enrolled from the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University between January 2010 and December 2012. And the controls were recruited from a health check-up center. The total serum BIL and UA concentrations were measured by an enzymatic method. All MG patients underwent thymus computed tomography (CT) scanning., Results: The serum levels of TBIL, IBIL and UA in patients with MG ((11.0 ± 0.4, 7.4 ± 0.3, 270 ± 70) µmol/L) were significantly lower than those in healthy control group ((13.0 ± 0.4, 9.6 ± 0.3, 301 ± 60) µmol/L) (P < 0.01). Moreover, these results were consistent when the male and female cohorts were investigated separately. In MG group, females had significantly lower serum TBIL, IBIL and UA levels ( (10.1 ± 3.7, 6.7 ± 2.7, 242 ± 68) µmol/L) than males ((12.2 ± 5.5, 8.4 ± 4.2, 288 ± 73) µmol/L) (P < 0.05-0.01). However, no difference existed when comparing different grades of MG patients according to the modified Osserman classification. Also no significant difference existed between MG patients with thymic abnormalities and those without. In comparison with the subjects in the reference group (total bilirubin ≥ 11.4 µmol/L, UA ≥ 279 µmol/L), the odds ratio (95% CI) for MG patients in the lower tertile (total bilirubin < 11.4 µmol/L, UA < 279 µmol/L) were 1.98 (1.20-3.29) and 2.22 (1.29-3.82) respectively after multivariable adjustment. Serum level of TBIL and UA had positive correlations with creatinine as indicated by Pearson correlation analysis (r = 0.151, P = 0.008; r = 0.301, P = 0.000). Meanwhile, serum level of UA had a negative correlation with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (r = -0.347, P = 0.000) ., Conclusion: Decreased serum levels of BIL and UA are closely correlated with MG. As a replacement therapy, administration of BIL and UA or theirs precursors may offer benefits to the MG patients.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor (EphA2) on the expression of VEGF protein, a pro-angiogenic factor, via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck(SCCHN) in vitro., Methods: SCCHN Tu686 cells were transfected with EphA2 overexpression vector pEGFP-N1-EphA2. Western blot was used to detect the expression of p38 MAPK and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to assay of VEGF. SB203580 as a inhibitor of p38 MAPK signaling pathway was used., Results: The expression of VEGF protein was significantly up-regulated in Tu686 cells transfected with EphA2 overexpression vector (535.31 ± 45.71) pg/ml, when compared with Tu686 cells transfected with empty vector (400.99 ± 33.50) pg/ml and Tu686 cells with no transfection (385.30 ± 33.50) pg/ml (F = 17.091, P < 0.01). The expression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK was obviously increased in Tu686 cells with EphA2 overexpression. SB203580 inhibited the expressions of VEGF and phosphorylated p38 MAPK proteins in Tu686 cells with EphA2 overexpression., Conclusion: EphA2 can regulate the expression of VEGF protein and stimulate p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the correlations among Ki-67 expression, mitosis and other clinicopathological parameters of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma, and search for prognostic factors of malignant melanoma., Methods: Totally 127 cases of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma were collected from Beijing Cancer Hospital. Immunohistochemical study for Ki-67 was performed, and the mitosis was calculated referring to "hot spot" method recommended by the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system. The correlations of Ki-67 expression, mitosis and other clinicopathological parameters were analyzed, and the survival analysis of all these risk factors including TNM and Clark level was conducted based on follow up data., Results: The expression level of Ki-67 was associated with necrosis and Breslow thickness (P < 0.05). Mitosis was correlated with Clark level and Ki-67 expression (P < 0.05). Univariate analysis indicated Ki-67 expression level (P = 0.043), mitosis (P = 0.030) and TNM stage (P < 0.001) might influence the survival of patients. However, multivariate analysis showed that the TNM staging was the only independent prognostic factor affecting survival., Conclusions: The prognosis of patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma was closely related to the TNM staging at the fist examination. Ki-67 expression and mitosis are two important clinicopathological parameters of primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Objective: To assess the protein expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in tissue specimens of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with LSCC., Methods: RT-PCR was used to assay the expression of AEG-1 mRNA in 13 pairs of LSCC tissues and their corresponding noncarcinoma epithelia. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded tissue specimens to investigate the protein expression of AEG-1 in 88 cases of LSCC specimens and 15 cases of adjacent epithelial samples., Results: The expression of AEG-1 mRNA was significantly increased in LSCC tissues compared to adjacent noncarcinoma epithelial tissues (0.81 ± 0.17 vs. 0.23 ± 0.10;t = 10.337, P < 0.001). Meantime, the positive rate of AEG-1 protein in 88 cases of LSCC was 87.5% (77/88). However, 15 cases of adjacent noncarcinoma epithelial merely demonstrated negative or mild expression of AEG-1 protein. AEG-1 overexpression was closely correlated with T stage (χ(2) = 6.289, P = 0.018), clinical stage (χ(2) = 11.049, P < 0.01), metastasis (χ(2) = 20.859, P < 0.01) and recurrence(χ(2) = 13.459, P < 0.01). The overall survival rates of patients with AEG-1 overexpression and low expression were 35.9% and 86.4%, respectively (χ(2) = 23.409, P < 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that AEG-1 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.016)., Conclusion: AEG-1 protein may play a critical role in the initiation and progression of LSCC, implicating its predictive value in prognosis.

Objective: To explore the role of leukoaraiosis (LA) on the cognitive function in patients with Parkinson disease (PD)., Methods: The cohort for this study included 63 patients with PD, whom were divided into 3 groups according to cognitive status:with intact cognition (PD-IC, n = 23), with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 23) and with dementia (PDD, n = 17). All the patients were recruited from the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University between September 2011 and July 2012. The cognitive functions were evaluated by mini-metal state examination (MMSE), the Cambridge cognitive examination-Chinese version (CAMCOG-C), clinical dementia rating (CDR), clock drawing task (CDT) and verbal fluency test, etc. Depression symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS) while motor symptoms by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-motor (UPDRS-motor) and the Hoehn and Yahr scale (HY). All the patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a 3.0-T system. LA was rated using the semiquantitative visual rating system proposed by scheltens et al., Results: Both the PD-IC (2.43 ± 2.79) and PD-MCI (4.48 ± 4.33) groups showed significantly lower deep hyperintensities (DHs) scores than the PDD group (7.88 ± 6.69, P = 0.004 and 0.040, respectively), especially in frontal (1.09 ± 1.31; 1.83 ± 1.90; 3.24 ± 2.64, P < 0.05) and parietal areas (0.09 ± 0.29; 0.65 ± 1.03; 1.53 ± 2.32, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in periventricular (1.57 ± 1.75; 2.52 ± 2.37; 3.24 ± 2.64, P > 0.05), basal ganglia (0.09 ± 0.42; 0.30 ± 0.77; 0.53 ± 1.33, P > 0.05) and infratentorial white matter hyperintensities scores (--; 0.13 ± 0.63; 0.18 ± 0.73, P > 0.05) among three groups. The DHs showed a significant correlation with age (P = 0.003), MMSE (P = 0.009), verbal fluency test (P = 0.009), orientation (P = 0.047) and executive function (P = 0.027) in CAMCOG-C. The multiple regression analysis showed that the MMSE scores were associated significantly with education (P < 0.001, β = 0.600), DHs (P = 0.001, β = -0.678) and HY (P = 0.035, β = -0.480). DHs were the most significantly associated with MMSE scores., Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between DHs and multiple domain cognitive impairment in PD, especially in executive function. DHs, which were the most significantly variable associated with MMSE scores, may contribute to cognitive impairment in PD.

Objective: To investigate the mRNA and protein expressions of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in the tumor tissues and sera of patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance., Methods: Semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detected the expressions of HMGB1 mRNA and protein in the tumors and adjacent normal epithelial tissues in 30 patients with LSCC. Serum HMGB1 protein levels in the patients with LSCC and in 10 healthy volunteers were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent adsorption experiment (ELISA)., Results: RT-PCR demonstrated that the mean relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 (HMGB1/GAPDH) in LSCC tissues and in adjacent normal epithelial tissues were 1.25 ± 0.12 and 0.32 ± 0.04, respectively (t = 40.27, P < 0.05). Western blot revealed that the mean relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 (HMGB1/β-actin) were 1.29 ± 0.10 and 0.34 ± 0.03 (t = 49.84, P < 0.05), respectively. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of HMGB1 were associated with T stage, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis status and smoking (all P < 0.05), but no significant correlation with age, alcohol consumption and primary tumor grade and location (all P > 0.05). Mean serum HMGB1 protein levels in patients with LSCC and healthy volunteers were (24.80 ± 14.08) ng/ml and (23.58 ± 14.69) ng/ml (t = 0.37, P > 0.05)., Conclusions: Both mRNA and protein expressions of HMGB1 were obviously elevated in LSCC, which were associated closely with T stage, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis.

The changes in organic carbon content in different sized soil particles under different land use patterns partly reflect the variation of soil carbon, being of significance in revealing the process of soil organic carbon cycle. Based on the long-term monitoring of soil erosion, and by the methods of soil particle size fractionation, this paper studied the effects of different land use types (wasteland, pinewood land, and grassland) on the distribution of organic carbon content in different sized soil particles and its relationships to the herb biomass. Land use type and slope position had obvious effects on the organic carbon content in different sized soil particles, and the organic carbon content was in the order of grassland > pinewood land > wasteland. The proportion of the organic carbon in different sized soil particles was mainly depended on the land use type, and had little relationships with slope position. According to the analysis of the ratio of particle-associated organic carbon to mineral-associated organic carbon (POC/MOC), the soil organic carbon in grassland was easily to be mineralized, whereas that in wasteland and pinewood land was relatively stable. On the slopes mainly in hilly red soil region, the soil organic carbon in sand fraction had great effects on herb biomass.

Objective: To investigate the influence of ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms on the risk of atrophic gastritis and dysplasia., Methods: The ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms in a total of 372 subjects were detected by polymerase chain reaction-direct sequencing. All of the subjects were from Linqu County, a high risk area of gastric cancer in Shandong Province of northern China. All cases were initially diagnosed as normal or superficial gastritis at the beginning of this study. After a 5-year follow-up, the cases were subdivided into no progression group (no histological progression, n=137), progression group I (progressed to severe chronic atrophic gastritis, n=194) and progression group II (progressed to low-grade dysplasia, n=41)., Results: In all 372 subjects, the frequencies of KK, KE or EE genotype of ICAM-1 K469E were 50.5%, 39.2% and 10.2%, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the ICAM-1 469K/E genotype frequencies between the progression group I and no progression group (P>0.05). The frequencies of KK genotype (68.3%) were significantly higher in the progression group II than in the no progression group (49.6%, P=0.035), and also than in the progression group I (47.4%, P=0.015). An increased risk of the progressing to dysplasia from normal or superficial gastritis was found in the individuals with ICAM-1 469KK genotype [odds ratio (OR)=2.21, 95%CI, 1.10-4.42]., Conclusion: ICAM-1 469K/E gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of gastric low-grade dysplasia, but not related with severe chronic atrophic gastritis in a population with high risk of gastric cancer in Linqu County, Shandong Province, China.

Objective: To explore the vascular risk factors and neuropsychological profiles of patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined subcortical ischemic depression (SID)., Methods: Thirty-five SID patients, 37 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease without depression (SIVD) and 40 normal controls (NC) participated in this case-control study. The SID and SIVD groups were recruited from the Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University between October 2010 and September 2011. And the NC group came from Medical Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University over the same period. The vascular risk factors of all participants were assessed by the Framingham scale. Depression symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) while cognitive functions by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive clock drawing task (CDT)., Results: Both the SID (12.3 ± 4.7) and SIVD (13.5 ± 3.4) groups showed significantly higher Framingham scores than the NC group (8.6 ± 1.8) (F = 20.850, P = 0.000). Compared with the NC group (28.3 ± 1.8; 23.1 ± 3.4; 8.0 ± 1.8), the MMSE, MoCA and CDT scores were significantly lower in the SID (26.7 ± 2.5; 20.0 ± 4.0; 2.0 ± 2.7) and SIVD (26.8 ± 1.9; 20.7 ± 3.0; 6.1 ± 2.1) groups (P < 0.05). There were significantly lower CAMCOG-C scores in the SID (82.7 ± 9.0) and SIVD (86.2 ± 6.9) groups versus the NC group (92.3 ± 6.2) (P < 0.05) and similarly in the SID group versus the SIVD group (P < 0.05). Among the subtests of CAMCOG-C, the orientation, language and memory scores in both SID (9.0 ± 1.4; 24.7 ± 4.0; 19.5 ± 3.4) and SIVD (9.4 ± 0.9; 25.5 ± 2.1; 20.3 ± 2.3) groups were significantly lower than those in the NC group (9.9 ± 0.4; 27.4 ± 1.9; 22.1 ± 2.4) (P < 0.05); the praxis scores in the SID group (9.4 ± 1.9) were significantly lower than those in the NC group (10.4 ± 1.5) (P < 0.05). And the thinking and perception scores in the SID group (5.4 ± 1.7; 6.3 ± 1.4) were significantly lower than those in the SIVD (6.2 ± 1.3; 7.0 ± 1.4) and NC (6.6 ± 1.3; 7.2 ± 1.4) groups. In the SID group, no significant correlation was found between the Framingham scores and neuropsychological assessments. There were a negative correlation between the GDS, HAMD scores and MMSE, MoCA, CAMCOG-C and CDT scores (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The SID patients demonstrate multiple neuropsychological deficits, especially in thinking, perception and praxis. No significant correlation between vascular risk factors and depression symptoms is found in SID patients.

Objective: To determine the correlations between metabolic syndrome (MS), its individual components and mild cognitive impairment (MCI)., Methods: We selected 168 MS patients and 150 healthy control subjects from our hospital from June 2009 to June 2010. Socio-demographic characteristic data including gender, age, education level, height, weight waist circumference and blood pressure, past history of coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and unhealthy habit of smoking and drinking, were investigated. The patient levels of fasting plasma glucose, fast insulin glycated, hemoglobin and blood lipids were measured on the next day. All subjects were evaluated with regards to the scores of Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), clinical memory scale (CMS), daily living skills assessment (ADL) and Hamilton depression scale (HAMD)., Result: (1) MCI was more frequently detected in MS subjects than that in the healthy controls (24.4% vs 1.2%); (2)the scores of general MoCA and several parts of MoCA were lower in the MS subjects (scores of general 26.8 ± 0.5, EF4.40 ± 0.04, NAM2.60 ± 0.06, MEM3.60 ± 0.20, ATT5.60 ± 0.09, LANG2.60 ± 0.08, ABS1.50 ± 0.10, ORT5.40 ± 0.13)than those of the controls (scores of general 27.6 ± 0.4, EF4.50 ± 0.05, NAM2.70 ± 0.08, MEM4.20 ± 0.11, ATT5.70 ± 0.08, LANG2.60 ± 0.09, ABS1.60 ± 0.07, ORT5.40 ± 0.10). No statistically significant differences existed in the scores of general MoCA and several parts except for memory and abstract (P > 0.05). The scores of general CMS and several parts of CMS were lower in the MS subjects (scores of general 72 ± 8, memory function reflected in memory 14 ± 2, associating study 14 ± 3, free image memory 14 ± 4, recognition of meaningless figure 16 ± 3, recollection ability of human figure 14 ± 3) than those in the controls (scores of general 85 ± 7, memory function reflected in memory 16 ± 2,associating study 16 ± 3, free image memory 17 ± 3, recognition of meaningless figure 18 ± 3, recollection ability of human figure 17 ± 3). And the differences had statistical significance (P < 0.05); (3) a high degree of education was a protective factor of MCI (OR = 0.512, P = 0.011) while diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome were the independent risk factors of MCI (OR(1) = 4.240, P(1) = 0.014; OR(2) = 7.230, P(2) = 0.023; OR(3) = 8.620, P(3) = 0.001)., Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are the independent risk factors of MCI.

This study is to establish a cell-based model targeting to neuraminidase (NA) of the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus. NA is an influenza virus structural protein with enzymatic activity of the cleavage of HA-sialic acid interaction to release new viral particles from cells. A model of HIV-1 (pNL4-3.Luc.R(-)E(-)) based pseudovirions packed with HA [hemagglutinin, A/VietNam/1203/2004 (H5N1)] and NA [A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)] was established to evaluate compounds activities on NA function. The viral release can be blocked by neuraminidase inhibitors, oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate, with IC50 of (61 +/- 31) nmol L(-1) and (5.5 +/- 2.9) nmol L(-1) respectively. A point mutation of H275Y on NA leads oseltamivir-resistance. This corresponding mutation was introduced into the system which was also confirmed by oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate.

From November 2004 to October 2005, twenty blood biochemical indices, i. e., total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, blood glucose, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatine, total cholesterol, triglyceride, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatine kinase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, lactic dehydrogenase, serum calcium ion, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium ion, of 10 female Grus japonensis adults in their wintering, reproduction, and migration periods in Zhalong Nature Reserve were analyzed by automatic biochemical analyzer. Significant differences (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) were observed in the test indices except serum total protein, serum globulin, and blood glucose among the three life periods, which suggested that the serum total protein, serum globulin, and blood glucose could be used as the reliable references of blood biochemical indices of female G. japonensis, while the year-round dynamics of the other 17 indices reflected the physiological characteristics and ecological adaptability of female G. japonensis in its different periods in one year. When using these 17 indices as the references of the blood biochemical indices of female G. japonensis, the physiological period should be considered.

Based on the investigation data from a subtropical wetland having been abandoned from paddy agriculture for one year, a redundancy analysis was conducted on the relationships between vegetation community and soil factors in the wetland. It was found that soil moisture regime, available K and P, and pH were the main factors affecting the distribution of plant species. The common plant species could be classified into three groups, i. e., Ludwigia prostrata - Murdannia triquetra group (G1), Hemarthria altissima - Rotala rotundifolia - Lapsana apogonoides group (G2), and Conyza canadensis - Polygonum hydropiper - Paspalum pasaloides group (G3). G1 mainly distributed on the soils with higher available K, G2 mainly distributed in periodically flooded area, while G3 mainly distributed in drainage area and was positively correlated to soil available P and pH. Species diversity and above-ground biomass had significant positive correlations with soil pH and total K, respectively, while evenness index was significantly negatively correlated with soil available N. No significant correlations were observed among other indices.

Background and Objective: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can remarkably decrease tumor size and stage, and improve the efficacy of comprehensive treatment on breast carcinoma. This study was to investigate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FEC and TEC regimen on breast cancer., Methods: From April 1998 to April 2004, 112 breast cancer patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among them, 77 were treated with FEC regimen and 35 with TEC regimen for 2-3 cycles before operation. Simultaneously, 105 breast cancer patients who only received postoperative chemotherapy were regarded as control., Results: All patients were followed up for 10-107 months (median, 61.4 months). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 31 patients (27.7%) had clinical complete remission, and the total response rate was 79.5%. The 5-year disease-free and overall survival rates were significantly higher in neoadjuvant chemotherapy group than in control group (67.2% vs. 49.4%, chi(2)=4.092, P=0.043; 84.7% vs. 69.1%, chi(2)=4.034, P=0.045)., Conclusion: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with FEC and TEC regimens is an effective treatment for operable breast cancers, and can prolong the long-term survival and disease-free survival after operation.

We developed an oligonucleotide biochip for synchronous multiplex detection of 31 known mitochondrial DNA mutations associated with MELAS (Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) and MERRF (Myoclonic epilepsy with ragged red fibers). Allele-specific oligonucleotide probes were covalently immobilized on aldehyde modified glass slides, and then hybridized with Cy5-labled DNA fragments amplified from sample DNAs by a multiplex asymmetric PCR (MAP) method. Five patients with MELAS, 5 patients with MERRF and 20 healthy controls were investigated using the oligonucleotide biochip. The results showed that all the cases with MELAS had an A3243G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene. In the MERRF group, 4 cases were found to be an A8344G mutation and 1 case was a T8356C mutation, and both mutations were in the MT-TK gene. In the healthy controls, none of the 31 related mutations was found. The results of the DNA biochip were consistent with those by DNA sequencing. Clearly, the DNA biochip combined with MAP method would become a valuable tool in multiplex detecting of the point mutations in mtDNA leading to MELAS and/or MERRF syndrome. Moreover, this biochip format could be modified to extend to the screening scope of SNPs for any other human mitochondrial diseases.

Objectives: To investigate the mechanical properties of bilateral atlantoaxial trans-articular screws and atlas laminar hooks instrumentation with finite element method., Methods: There was a volunteer with age of 28 years old, body height 172 cm, body weight of 60 kg and without cervical deformity by X rays. The ligamentous, nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element models of normal upper cervical spine (C0-3) was developed and validated. The destabilized model with bilateral atlantoaxial trans-articular screws and atlas laminar hooks was evaluated for quasistatic loading., Results: The finite element model of upper cervical spine consists of 229,047 nodes and 152,475 elements, and correlated well with experimental data for all load cases and could be used for experiment. The finite model with bilateral atlantoaxial trans-articular screws and atlas-laminar hooks predicted that the maximum Von Mises Stress was in the region in which screws penetrated the atlantoaxial articular facet. The novel instrumentation resulted in sufficient stability., Conclusion: The bilateral atlantoaxial trans-articular screws and atlas laminar hooks instrumentation is useful and effective for atlantoaxial arthrodesis.

Objective: To study the anatomical basis of in situ coronary venous arterialization (ICVA) and to observe the short-term clinical outcome thereof., Methods: Five recently isolated pig hearts underwent ligation of the posterior descending artery and the proximal end of middle cardiac vein (MCV), solution of Indian ink was perfused into this vein, and slices of heart were made to observe the distribution of ink through microscope. From January 2002 to December 2005, 64 consecutive patients with diffuse lesion and distal occlusion of right coronary artery received coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to undergo ICVA during CABG (ICVA group) and conventional CABG only (control group) respectively. The pre- and post-operation clinical data, including ECG, SPECT and ultrasonic cardiograph (UCG) were analyzed., Results: Indian ink was distributed in the intercellular spaces and capillaries of the myocardium and appeared in the micro-arteries in all 5 pig hearts. The mean hospitalization time of the ICVA patients was 16.5 +/- 7.7 days. The mortality rate was 0. After the ICVA the ECG recovery rate in ST segment was 98.88%, and the improvement rate in the grade of the angina was 100%. SPECT and UCG both showed great improvement post-operatively (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: After the ligation of the proximal end of MCV, the related myocardium can be perfused effectively by distal arterialization in situ. ICVA, fitting to patients with diffused lesion and distal occlusion of coronary artery, can be performed safely with satisfactory clinical outcomes.

Objective: To provide the basis for establishing evaluation criterion, selecting good strains and carring out good agricultural practice of the crude drug., Method: Representative 22 varieties of Carthamus tinctorius were selected and cultivated in different ecological localities and different years. And the content of safflor yellow A in their corollas were measured by RP-HPLC to compare the differences and their genetic stabilities among varieties., Result: The range of of safflor yellow A content was 0.70%-1.85% which were varied among varieties (P < 0.01). The content of safflor yellow A in varieties Yutai Honghua, Hefei Honghua, Rucheng Honghua were higher than in others., Conclusion: The effective compound safflor yellow A in C. tinctorius was one of the main quality evaluation criterions. Varieties Yutai Honghua, Hefei Honghua and Rucheng Honghua were good resources.