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Objective: This study aimed to optimize the determination conditions of pantothenic acid content in infant milk powder by microbiological method and provide test data for the subsequent revision of the national standard method for pantothenic acid detection. Methods: The issues covering the determination of pantothenic acid by the national standard method were analyzed, and the key steps in the detection process, including bacterial solution preparation, pretreatment, and absorbance determination, were emphatically studied. Results: Lactobacillus plantarum from ATCC and CICC can be used to determine pantothenic acid. The best results were obtained by directly inoculating 80% bacterial solution concentration into the test tube, or adding 5 mL bacterial solution to 400 mL sterilization test medium. The results of direct extraction were higher than that of hydrolysis. The relative deviation of enzymole-plate and UV spectrophotometry was less than 5%. The recovery rate was 96.9%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 4.95%. Conclusion: The optimization of the key steps in the determination of pantothenic acid by microbiological method can simplify the operation process and improve the accuracy of the samples, and the optimized conditions can be used as a reference for the subsequent revision of the National standard method for pantothenic acid determination.

Objective: A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for determination of four artificial sweeteners in syrups, i.e., acesulfame, saccharin sodium, aspartame and advantame. Methods: Acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, and 0.02 mol/L ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (pH value adjusted to 5.5 by triethylamine) was used as mobile phase B. The gradient elution was conducted, with flow rate at 1.0 mL/min, and the column temperature was at 35 ℃; the detection wavelength was 214 nm, and sample size was 10 μL was loaded on the was Shiseido AQ-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) A total of 45 batches of children's cough syrup samples from 21 manufacturers were determined by the established method. Results: The linear calibration curve of the four kinds of artificial sweeteners were obtained over the range of 2~100 mg/L. The average recoveries of acesulfame, saccharin sodium, aspartame and advantame were 98.65%, 104.09%, 100.96% and 102.30% respectively, with RSDs less than 2% (n=9). The actual sample test results showed that 3 batches of samples were found to be advename, and 2 batches of samples were found to be aspartame and advename. Conclusion: The established method is specific, simple, and reliable, and can be used to monitor the illegal addition of artificial sweeteners in syrups.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the uncertainty of determination by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） for the content of adevantame, a synthetic sweetener illegally added in syrup drugs. Methods: The sample is diluted with solvent, and the content of adevantame in the sample was determined by HPLC. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the uncertainty, such as the preparation of the reference solution, curve fitting, sample weighing, sample volumetric determination and instrument precision, the uncertainty was synthesized of each component, and the extended uncertainty is calculated. Results: The expanded uncertainty is 1.8 μg/mL. The influence factors from large to small was as follows: repeated sample determination, standard curve fitting, standard solution preparation, sample solution preparation. Conclusion: The established uncertainty evaluation method is accurate and reliable, and truly reflects the source and magnitude of uncertainty.

The optimization design for solving trapped-oil pressure relief of gear pump under higher speed is studied,taking the modulus,tooth number and modification coefficient as optimization variable,by the analysis of the maximum trapped-oil volume and maximum relief area,the two objective functions of are established releasing the trapped-oil pressure. Combining with the current requirements of the flow pulsation rate and the pump volume per unit rated flow and the radial force corresponding of external gear pump,the optimization model is built by using the SUMT technology that full name is sequential unconstrained minimization technique.Aiming at the result before optimization and after,the simulation analysis and verification of trapped oil pressures are respectively carried out. The results indicate that,the larger the modulus is and the smaller the tooth number and the modification coefficient are,the larger the maximum relief area is and the better the relief effect of trapped-oil pressure is. The smaller the tooth number and the modification coefficient are,the larger the maximum trapped-oil flow is and the worse the relief effect of trapped-oil pressure is,so an optimization problem is existed. The simulation result of an example is consistent with the experimental results provided by the literature before the optimization design,and the error between the experimental results and the simulation results is controlled in near 4. 9%,the reliability of the trapped-oil model is validated. After the optimization design,the value of the maximum trapped-oil pressure is reduced by 65. 41%,the relief effect of trapped-oil pressure is obvious.

Cutting energy can be transformed into cutting heat, which directly affects the cutting temperature. Therefore, it is important to understand the generation, transfer, and transformation of cutting energy to cutting temperature. In this paper, an innovation design of a new cemented carbide micro-pit turning tool specially cutting 304 stainless steel was taken as an example. Through comparative studying the cutting performance of new micro-pit turning tool and original turning tool, the relationship model between cutting energy and cutting temperature of rake face was established. And the prediction of shear energy and friction energy of the new micro-pit turning tool and experimental verification were carried out. The results show the input energy to be reduced by 8.96%, the shear energy to be decreased by 10.50% and the friction energy to be reduced by 5.32% compared with the original turning tool under dry cutting conditions using the manufacturer's recommended cutting parameters. The cutting surface temperature can be reduced by a decrease in the cutting energy. The cutting energy prediction model can serve as a reference for predicting cutting energies and cutting face temperatures under complex cutting conditions.

To overcome the disadvantages of a non-cooperative frequency hopping communication system, such as a high sampling rate and inadequate prior information, parameter estimation based on Blind Compressed Sensing (BCS) is proposed. The signal is precisely reconstructed by the alternating iteration of sparse coding and basis updating, and the hopping frequencies are directly estimated based on the results. Compared with conventional compressive sensing, blind compressed sensing does not require prior information of the frequency hopping signals; hence, it offers an effective solution to the inadequate prior information problem. In the proposed method, the signal is first modeled and then reconstructed by Orthonormal Block Diagonal Blind Compressed Sensing (OBD-BCS), and the hopping frequencies and hop period are finally estimated. The simulation results suggest that the proposed method can reconstruct and estimate the parameters of noncooperative frequency hopping signals with a low signal-to-noise ratio.

For the problem that it is difficult to get optimum purchase solution of coal mine safety equipment by use of qualitative analysis method, a purchasing method of coal mine safety equipment based on safety value engineering was proposed, and decision-making process of the method was introduced taking purchase of gas pump stations of a coal mine enterprise for example. In the method, the weight of each function index of coal mine safety equipments is scored by 0~4 and each weight coefficient is calculated, then degree of each equipment satisfying the function index is scored by experts by use of ten-point system. Safety value coefficient of each equipment is calculated according to the scoring result and the weight coefficient, and the equipment with the maximum safety value coefficient is the optimum one. The method provides reference for coal mine enterprise in purchasing safety equipment scientifically.

To improve the accuracy and decease the movement uncertainty of AACMM, a hybrid optimization algorithm (mTLBO-SA) was proposed to calibrate the structural parameters of AACMM, furtherly compensating for the errors and increasing the precision. First, the advantages and disadvantages of TLBO algorithm were analysed and it was then correspondingly improved to obtain mTLBO; next, a transitional criterion for convergence prevision was put forward to combine mTLBO with SA algorithm, resulting in mTLBO-SA; then, the structural parameters of AACMM were calibrated based on this theory and error experiments using TLBO, SA and mTLBO-SA, respectively; at last, the error experiments of single point repeatability were conducted again respectively using the AACMM before calibration and after calibration and the related results were compared resulting in corresponding conclusions. The results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient to calibrate the real parameters of AACMM, which extremely enhances the accuracy and decreases the movement uncertainty of AACMM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the compound adding requirement of a hard cigarette filter rod, a kind of loading and unloading mechanism of cigarette filter rods was designed. ANSYS WorkBench software was used to simulate the transient dynamics of the filter rod loading and unloading mechanism by using the method of transient dynamics analysis, and the dynamic characteristics of the mechanism were studied from the perspective of structural dynamics. The analysis results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the filter rod loading and unloading mechanism is 112.54 MPa, which is less than the allowable stress of the material. The rationality and stability of the filter rod loading and unloading mechanism were verified by setting up an experimental platform for testing. The results show that the structure design of the filter rod loading and unloading mechanism is reasonable, and the success rate of loading rods reaches 100%, which can meet the work requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the problems of uneven grayscale and large noise pollution in the woven bag image that affects the accuracy and efficiency of defect detection, a fast defect detection method for woven bags based on improved genetic algorithm and two-dimensional maximum entropy was proposed. Firstly, the woven bag image was preprocessed to eliminate the background noise and fine pixels in the image, and then the improved genetic algorithm combined with the two-dimensional maximum entropy was used to quickly select the best threshold of image segmentation to improve the segmentation speed and accuracy. Finally, the connected domain markers were used to count and locate the defects. Experimental results show that the accuracy and speed of the proposed algorithm for detecting woven bags are better than the iterative threshold method, the one-dimensional maximum entropy method and the two-dimensional maximum entropy method combined with general genetic algorithm. The new method can detect the quality defects of woven bags accurately and efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the optimal dividend problem in the presence of time-inconsistent preferences. Suppose that the company's surplus follows a general diffusion process, managers' preferences are depicted by the quasi-hyperbolic discount function, and the objective is to maximize the cumulative present value of dividend payments until ruin. Depending on the manager's forecast about his/her own future preferences, we consider the optimal dividend problem for a naive manager and a sophisticated manager. Firstly, we derive the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations and verification theorems for the two managers' problems by using the stochastic optimal control approach. Then, when the un-controlled surplus process is a Brownian motion with drift, we derive the explicit expressions of optimal dividend strategies and optimal value functions for the two managers, and present some sensitivity analysis of the optimal dividend strategies. Our results show that when the un-controlled surplus process is a Brownian motion with drift, managers with time-inconsistent preferences tend to pay out dividend earlier than their time-consistent counterpart, the sophisticated manager is more inclined to pay out dividends than the naive manager, and with proper punishments on the naive manager and the sophisticated managers, the two managers' strategies can coincide with that of the time-consistent manager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The previous extension generating system software can only be used to solve some kind of contradiction problems. Through the analysis of the existing problem modeling methods and their shortcomings, it presents a new modeling method, based on the idea of classification. A detailed description of the problem classification modeling steps was given, and finally implemented in programming. Experimental results show that the new modeling method can be used to classify different kinds of contradiction problems in some areas. As a result, it not only creates a universal input interface to the extension strategy generating system, but also has great practical significance for the versatility of research on the Extension Strategy Generating System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using Lagrange duality method, this paper investigates a multi-period mean-variance portfolio selection problem under uncertain exit time and stochastic market environment. We assume that all the assets in the market are risky, and there are only a finite number of states in the market and the state transition process follows a time varying Markov chain, and the random returns of the assets over every period not only depend on the time but also depend on the market state. Firstly, by using the dynamic programming technique and the Lagrange duality method, we obtain the explicit expressions for the efficient investment strategy and the efficient frontier. Then, we provide and prove a multi-period version of two fund separation theorem. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the results obtained in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: A clinical study was undertaken to define the vascular anatomy of anteromedial thigh perforator flap (AMT) and evaluate the outcomes of the flap in head and neck reconstruction. METHODS: The sizable perforators of AMT flaps and their origins were prospectively explored in 54 patients. For each patient, we recorded the sizable perforators' location, diameter, source vessel, numbers and anatomical types. Among them, 14 cases underwent head and neck reconstruction with AMT flaps. The complications and functions of donor and recipient sites were recorded and the operative techniques of AMT were described. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Eight of fifty-four thighs had no sizable AMT perforators. AMT flap was based on the medial branch of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) and shared the same vascular pedicle with anterolateral thigh flap (ALT). The total sizable perforators were 56. Among them, 40.9%(25/61) were direct septocutaneous perforators, the remaining perforators were all musculocutaneous. Most of the sizable perforators (58/61, 95.1%) were located in the middle one-third of the thigh, with an average of (3.9±0.72) cm medial to a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the superolateral patella and an average of (22.5+2.38) cm to anterior superior iliac spine. There was an negtive relationship between the number of sizable perforators of AMT and ALT flaps (P<0.01). 14 flaps survived completely. No complications were observed in recipient and donor site. CONCLUSIONS: The pedicle of AMT flap is the medial branch of d-LCFA. The AMT flap may be useful if ALT flap is without sizable perforators. AMT flap may be as a primary or an alternative choice of anterolateral thigh flap for head and neck reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To discuss and report the operative techniques for harvesting perforator-based chimeric flap in anterolateral thigh region and the advantages for head and neck reconstruction after en bloc resection. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of perforator-based chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for head and neck reconstruction since December of 2007 to March of 2011. 66 perforator-based chimeric flaps were harvested including a skin paddle and a muscular flap supplied by one mother pedicle-descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA). 32 flaps were used for the mobile tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction, 30 flaps for base of the tongue and parapharyngeal walls, two for the buccal skin, one for hemimandible and one for parotid. The muscular flap was used to eliminate the dead space of submandibular area. Flaps size ranged from 7cm±4cm to 16cm±7cm and muscular flap was 3cm±4cm approximately. The complications and functions of both donor and recipient sites were recorded and the operative techniques of perforator-based chimeric flap elevation were generalized. RESULTS: All 65 flaps survived completely and the total survival percentage was 98.5%. Only one flap failed and was removed 5 days postoperatively. No complications (fistula, infection, hematoma, seroma et al) were observed in recipient and donor sites. Two anteromedial thigh flaps (AMT) were used for reconstruction due to no sizable perforators in the ALT region. All cases were followed up for 0.5-3 years. The flaps didn't atrophy after six months and the contour was satisfactory. The functions of speech and swallow were recovered well. All the donor sites were closed primarily and the scar was not obvious. The leg's function recovered well. CONCLUSIONS: Using a combination of retrograde and antegrade dissection is a safe and versatile method for harvesting a perforator-based chimeric flap. A chimeric flap including multiple components can meet the requirements of three-dimensional reconstruction. Perforator-based chimeric anterolateral thigh flap is one of the best choices for complex head and neck reconstruction after en bloc resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To find a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity for anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) without suitable perforator. METHODS: From December 2007 to February 2011, 2 of 64 patients underwent tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction with an anteromedial thigh flap with the initial intent of using an anterolateral thigh flap. One was a perforator flap and the size was 7cmx4cm , the other was a perforator--based chimeric flap including a slender of rectus femoris island and a 14cm x6cm skin paddle. Both of the AMT flap pedicles were medial branch of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) and the pedicle length was 10 to 12cm. RESULTS: The flaps survived completely and no complications occurred in recipient and donor sites. The two patients were followed up for 0.5 to 12 months. The functions of speech and swallow recovered well. The donor site was closed primarily and scar was not obvious. The leg's function recovered well. CONCLUSION: AMT flap is a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity when there is no suitable perforator in anterolateral thigh region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of rapid prototyping technique and double barrel fibular graft technique in mandible reconstruction. METHODS: Six patients underwent reconstruction of large segmental mandibular defects with double barrel fibular osteocutaneous graft techniques. 3-dimensional mandibular models were made by rapid prototyping technique to ensure that the fibular bones were placed accurately and matched with the remaining mandible segment. RESULTS: Of all patients, the fibular osteocutaneous grafts survived completely, there was no evidence of recurrence. Good appearance and occlusion were achieved in all sufferers after treatment. Panoramic radiograph and three-dimensional CT scan revealed that the locations and heights of the fibular bones met the preoperative design. CONCLUSION: The use of rapid prototyping technique can improve the accuracy of double barrel fibular location in mandible reconstruction, maintain the function of temporomandibular joint and regenerate a symmetrical facial contours. Supported by Project of Science and Tecnology Plan of Shenyang City(09L6090601). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study regarding the optimization of gene codons to increase the expression of natural active soluble canine transferrin receptor (sTfR) in eukaryotic cells. The sTfR gene expression of canine liver tissues was amplified by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). It highlights the specific binding activity between sTfR protein and the canine parvovirus VP2 protein.

Objective To detect the effect of ethanol on T lymphocyte subsets, immune activity and apoptosis in peripheral blood. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from healthy donors by density centrifugation. Lymphocytes were co-cultured with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in 30 and 50 mL/L ethanol. At 12, 18, 36, 48 hours after PBMCs were exposed to alcohol, flow cytometry was performed to examine the alterations of T lymphocyte subsets. Results Compared with the control group, at 12 hours after the exposure, the number of CD8 + CD69 + T lymphocytes increased significantly in both PHA and alcohol groups but the number of CD8 + CD69 + T lymphocytes in the PHA group was apparently higher than that of 50 ml/L ethanol group, while the number of T cells had no obvious change. At 18 hours after exposed to ethanol, the proliferation of T lymphocytes was reduced obviously in the ethanol groups. In addition, the proliferation of T cells in the ethanol (50 ml/L) group was markedly lower than that in 30 ml/L ethanol group. At the same time, the number of CD8 + CD69 + T cells was markedly lower. At 36 hours after exposed to ethanol, in comparison with the PHA group, the number of T lymphocytes decreased markedly in the ethanol groups. At 48 hours after exposed to ethanol, T cells almost disappeared in the ethanol groups. The apoptosis rate of CD3 + T lymphocytes increased with the extension of co-culture time of PBMCs and ethanol as well as the increase of ethanol dose. Conclusion With the increase of ethanol dose, the activity of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood treated with higher dose of ethanol would go down and the number of T lymphocyte subsets and the function of T cells decrease, which might be related to the ethanol that promotes the apoptosis of T lymphocyte subsets.

Objective: To analyze the current status of diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis (AA) in China., Methods: Questionnaire survey was used to retrospectively collect data of hospitalized patients with AA from 43 medical centers nationwide in 2017 (Sort by number of cases provided: Jinling Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Lu'an People's Hospital, Tengzhou Central People's Hospital, Dalian Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Dongying People's Hospital, Jinjiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huangshan Shoukang Hospital, Xuyi People's Hospital, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, Lanzhou 940th Hospital of PLA, Heze Municipal Hospital, The First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University, Affiliated Jiujiang Hospital of Nanchang University, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Affiliated Central Hospital of Shandong Zaozhuang Mining Group, The Third People's Hospital of Kunshan City, Xuzhou First People's Hospital, The 81st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Linyi Central Hospital, The General Hospital of Huainan Eastern Hospital Group, The 908th Hospital of PLA, Liyang People's Hospital, The 901th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The Fourth Hospital of Jilin University, Harbin Acheng District People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, Taixing Municipal People's Hospital, Baotou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Linyi People's Hospital, The 72st Group Army Hospital of PLA, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, People's Hospital of Dayu County, Taixing City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Beijing Guang'anmen Hospital, Langxi County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Central Hospital, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University).The diagnosis and management of AA were analyzed through unified summary. Different centers collected and summarized their data in 2017 and sent back the questionnaires for summary., Results: A total of 8 766 AA patients were enrolled from 43 medical centers, including 4 711 males (53.7%) with median age of 39 years and 958 (10.9%) patients over 65 years old. Of 8 776 patients, 5 677 cases (64.6%) received one or more imaging examinations, and the other 3 099 (35.4%) did not receive any imaging examination. A total of 1 858 (21.2%) cases received medical treatment, mainly a combination of nitroimidazoles (1 107 cases, 59.8%) doublet regimen, followed by a single-agent regimen of non-nitroimidazoles (451 cases, 24.4%), a nitroimidazole-free doublet regimen (134 cases, 7.2%), a triple regimen of combined nitroimidazoles (116 cases, 6.3%), nitroimidazole alone (39 cases, 2.1%) and nitroimidazole-free triple regimen (3 cases, 0.2%). Of the 6 908 patients (78.8%) who underwent surgery, 4 319 (62.5%) underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and 2589 (37.5%) underwent open surgery. Ratio of laparotomy was higher in those patients under 16 years old (392 cases) or over 65 years old (258 cases) [15.1%(392/2 589) and 10.0%(258/2 589), respectively, compared with 8.5%(367/4 316) and 8.0%(347/4 316) in the same age group for laparoscopic surgery, χ²=91.415, P<0.001; χ²=15.915,P<0.001]. Patients with complicated appendicitis had higher ratio of undergoing open surgery as compared to those undergoing laparoscopic surgery [26.7%(692/2 589) vs. 15.6%(672/4 316), χ²=125.726, P<0.001].The cure rates of laparoscopic and open surgery were 100.0% and 99.8%(2 585/2 589) respectively without significant difference (P=0.206). Postoperative complication rates were 4.5%(121/2 589) and 4.7%(196/4 316) respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=0.065, P=0.799). The incidence of surgical site infection was lower (0.6% vs. 1.7%, χ²=17.315, P<0.001), and hospital stay was shorter [6(4-7) days vs. 6(5-8) days, U=4 384 348.0, P<0.001] in the laparoscopic surgery group, while hospitalization cost was higher (median 12 527 yuan vs. 9 342 yuan, U=2 586 809.0, P<0.001)., Conclusions: The diagnosis of acute appendicitis is still clinically based, supplemented by imaging examination. Appendectomy is still the most effective treatment at present. Laparoscopic appendectomy has become the main treatment strategy, but anti-infective drugs are also very effective.

A novel glutathione reductase gene (GR2) was isolated from Brassica campestris Longyou 6 by rapid isolation of cDNA ends (RACE). The full-length of cDNA of GR2 was 2073 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1692 bp. GR2 encoded a protein of 563 amino acids with a deduced molecular mass of about 60.7 kDa and an isoelectric point of 7.9. The real-time quantitative PCR results showed that GR2 was expressed in the roots, stems and leaves in B. campestris, among which the expression of GR2 in leaves was the highest. The transcript levels of GR1 and GR2, and the enzyme activity of glutathione reductase (GR) increased in response to cold temperature, high temperature, drought stress, and salt stress. The results suggested that GR played an important role in coping with diverse stresses in B. campestris. When abscisic acid (ABA) pretreatment was applied before cold temperature, high temperature, drought stress, salt stress, the expression levels of GR1and GR2, and the activity level of GR all significantly increased compared with the single stress, which indicated that ABA could induce GR1 and GR2 gene transcription and GR activity. However, when MAPKK inhibitor (U0126) pretreatment was applied before the above stresses, the expression levels of GR1and GR2 and the activity level of GR significantly decreased compared with the single stress suggesting that U0126 inhibited GR1 and GR2 gene transcription and GR activity.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors on AIDS-related deaths among HIV/AIDS patients in Guangzhou, Guangdong province., Methods: A retrospective cohort was formed, based on available data of HIV/AIDS patients between 1991 and 2013 in Guangzhou, that were gathered from the Chinese AIDS Prevention and Control Information System. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify the influencing factors for AIDS-related deaths., Results: Data showed that factors as: existence of full-bloom AIDS when HIV infection was diagnosed (HR =2.717, 95%CI: 2.039-3.621) , diagnose of AIDS was made in the hospitals (HR=1.516, 95%CI: 1.159-1.981) , never received no CD(4) count testing (HR=4.866, 95%CI: 3.674-6.444) , no drugs were provided to those who met the criteria for treatment (HR=12.213, 95%CI: 8.467-17.616) , and patients at aged ≥40 years when HIV infection was diagnosed etc., were related to the risk for AIDS deaths. The risk of AIDS-related death was also high in those who did not meet the treatment criteria or receiving no treatment, when compared to those who had received the antiviral treatment (HR=1.936, 95%CI: 1.145-3.272)., Conclusion: Factors as: earlier diagnosis of HIV/AIDS cases, provision of CD(4) count testing and antiviral treatment to more cases etc, could decrease the risk for AIDS-related deaths and improve the survival rate on HIV/AIDS cases.

Objective: To understand the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection status and syphilis prevalence among men who have sex with men (MSM) receiving voluntary counseling and testing appointed through a web-based registering system and related factors., Methods: The MSM receiving web appointed HIV counseling and testing from 2011 to 2012 in Guangzhou were recruited and a questionnaire survey was conduct among them to obtain the information about their demographic characteristics and sexual behavior. Binary and multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify the factors associated with HIV infection or syphilis prevalence., Results: A total of 4,904 MSM were enrolled in the study, the average age of the MSM was (28.77±7.24) years, and 70.3% of them had high education level; the unmarried MSM accounted for 72.7%. The HIV infection rate and syphilis prevalence were 8.7% and 4.4% respectively. The co-infection rate of HIV and Treponema pallidum was 1.2% (59/4 904). About one in three MSM did not use condom at latest homosexual behavior, 43.5% did not use condoms at each homosexual behavior in the past three months. Lower education level, occupation (worker or farmer), non-consistent condom use at each sex with men in the past three months, receiving HIV test or not and Treponema pallidum infection were associated with HIV infection. Age≥40 years, lower education level, multi male sex partners in the past three months and HIV infection were associated with Treponema pallidum infection., Conclusion: MSM receiving web appointed HIV counseling and testing had high prevalence of risk behaviors and high HIV infection rate, but had low previous HIV testing rate. It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of HIV test through web based appointment and conduct target behavior intervention in older MSM with lower education level.

Objective: To compare the CC-chemokine ligand 18 (CCL18) expression in the serum and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) of NSCLC patients and explore its regulatory effect on differentiation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (Mo-DC)., Methods: CCL18 levels in the serum and MPE from 62 NSCLC patients were quantitated by immunoassay. CCL18 in sera from 26 healthy individuals, 28 exudative pleural effusions from inflammatory pulmonary diseases and 17 transudative pleural effusions from non-inflammatory diseases were used as control. Mo-DC was generated by culturing NSCLC-derived monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4 in the presence or absence of CCL18. The mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) of CD14, CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Mo-DC was then co-cultured with purified T cells and the percence of CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells was assayed by FCM., Results: CCL18 levels in the sera of NSCLC patients and healthy individuals were (132.70 ± 15.52) ng/ml and (18.44 ± 0.99) ng/ml, respectively (P < 0.001). The levels of CCL18 in MPE, exudative PE and transudative PE were (155.6 ± 13.58) ng/ml, (190.4 ± 22.33) ng/ml and (20.89 ± 3.03) ng/ml, respectively. CCL18 in the MPE was significantly higher than that in transudates (P < 0.001), however, no significant difference was observed between CCL18 expression in exudative PE and MPE (P = 0.172). Of note, a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.421, P < 0.01) was observed between CCL18 levels in the paired MPE and serum of NSCLC. In the healthy control group, Mo-DC cultured in the presence of CCL18 showed 31.4 ± 15.8 (MFI) of CD14 expression, which was significantly higher than that in Mo-DC cultured in the absence of CCL18 (18.5 ± 8.9, P < 0.05). In contrast, the expressions of MFI of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR were significantly decreased upon CCL18 induction (P < 0.05). In the NSCLC group, GM-CSF+IL-4+CCL18 induced a MFI of 45.2 ± 13.8 of CD14 expression in Mo-DC, which was also significantly higher than that of GM-CSF+ IL-4 induction (22.6 ± 10.5, P < 0.01). Similarly, the expressions of MFI of CD80, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR were significantly decreased in the presence of CCL18 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the MFI of CD14, CD83, CD86 and HLA-DR had significant differences between GM-CSF/IL-4/CCL18-induced Mo-DC derived from NSCLC patients and healthy control (P < 0.05). Finally, CD4(+) T cells co-cultured with NSCLC-derived, GM-CSF/IL-4/CCL18-treated Mo-DC had significantly higher percent of CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells compared with that of CD4(+) T cells stimulated with Mo-DC induced by GM-CSF/IL-4(P < 0.01)., Conclusions: CCL18 is present at a high level in MPE and serum of NSCLC patients complicated with pleural effusion and a moderate positive correlation exists between CCL18 levels in the two fluids. CCL18 inhibits maturation of Mo-DC, which consequently stimulates T cells to differentiate into CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells.

Objective: To analyze the genetic characterization of the complete genome from a human coxsackievirus B3 strain A103/KM/09 isolated in Yunnan province, 2009., Methods: By using RT-PCR, all the eight fragments which containing about 1000 nucleotides and covering full viral genome, were sequenced. By using Mega 5.05,Geneious, RDP 3 and SimPlot 3.5.1 software, sequences were aligned with other enterovirus reference sequences. Phylogenetic and recombination analysis were also carried out., Results: The A103/KM/09 isolate genome showed 7389 nucleotides in length , encoding for 2185 amino acids. In the complete genome, the homology of nucleotide and amino acid among the seven coxsackievirus B3 isolates were 81.0%-88.0% and 95.7%-98.0%, respectively. There appeared 81.0% and 95.7% homology when compared with that of Nancy prototype strain. Results from the Phylogenetic analysis showed that the coxsackievirus B3 formed five distinct clades, I-V. Nucleotide divergence rates between clades were 16.2%-24.3% . The A103/KM/09 strain belonged to clade V. Clade V was further divided into four sub-clades,A-D. The nucleotide divergence between sub-clades was 4.3%-11.4%. Putative recombinant event for A103/ KM/09 was detected., Conclusion: All coxsackievirus B3 isolates could be divided into five clades, with A103/KM/09 strain belonged to Clade V-D. Evolution of coxsackievirus B3 had occurred in China.

Purpose: A clinical study was undertaken to define the vascular anatomy of anteromedial thigh perforator flap (AMT) and evaluate the outcomes of the flap in head and neck reconstruction., Methods: The sizable perforators of AMT flaps and their origins were prospectively explored in 54 patients. For each patient, we recorded the sizable perforators' location, diameter, source vessel, numbers and anatomical types. Among them, 14 cases underwent head and neck reconstruction with AMT flaps. The complications and functions of donor and recipient sites were recorded and the operative techniques of AMT were described. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 13.0 software package., Results: Eight of fifty-four thighs had no sizable AMT perforators. AMT flap was based on the medial branch of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) and shared the same vascular pedicle with anterolateral thigh flap (ALT). The total sizable perforators were 56. Among them, 40.9%(25/61) were direct septocutaneous perforators, the remaining perforators were all musculocutaneous. Most of the sizable perforators (58/61, 95.1%) were located in the middle one-third of the thigh, with an average of (3.9±0.72) cm medial to a line connecting the anterior superior iliac spine and the superolateral patella and an average of (22.5±2.38) cm to anterior superior iliac spine. There was an negtive relationship between the number of sizable perforators of AMT and ALT flaps (P<0.01). 14 flaps survived completely. No complications were observed in recipient and donor site., Conclusions: The pedicle of AMT flap is the medial branch of d-LCFA. The AMT flap may be useful if ALT flap is without sizable perforators. AMT flap may be as a primary or an alternative choice of anterolateral thigh flap for head and neck reconstruction.

This study is to establish a simple and practical co-culture method of cortical neurons and astrocytes of rats. The cortex of the new-born SD rats was digested by 0.125% pancreatic enzyme, and the differential adherence was applied to obtain the mixed cell suspension of neurons and astrocytes. A low concentration of cytarabine was used to inhibit the astrocytes in a moderate way to get neuronal and astrocyte co-culture. The morphological characteristics of the cells in different times were observed under the inverted microscope. The cells began to adhere the wall 2 h after the inoculation. Neurons and astrocytes grew in a good condition under the inverted microscope 9 days after the inoculation. The results of the immunofluorescence staining and Rosenfeld's staining indicated that the co-culture of neurons and astrocytes was successful and the ratio of neurons and astrocytes was close to 1:1. A new neurons and astrocytes co-culture method, which is simple and convenient, was successfully established. It will be an efficient method for the related researches about neuronal and astrocyte co-culture in vitro.

The epidemiological features of 298 imported malaria cases during 2008-2012 in Guangzhou were analyzed. Among the cases, 169 (56.7%) were falciparum malaria, 106 (35.6%) were vivax malaria, and 23 (7.7%) were unidentified. The proportion of falciparum malaria cases was raising gradually in the last 5 years. Most of the cases were infected in malaria endemic regions of Africa and South-East Asia. Among them, 160 (53.7%) were business services, 78 (26.2%) were export laborers, 20 (6.7%) were peasants, and 18 (6.0%) were others.

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life in patients who had resection of oral cancer and reconstruction by radial forearm free flaps., Methods: Quality of life of 49 patients was assessed by means of the 14-item oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) and the medical outcomes study-short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires 12 months after operation., Results: Forty-one questionnaires were collected (84%). SF-36: the highest-scoring domain were physical role (92.9 ± 2.6) and bodily pain (82.6 ± 5.7), the lowest-scoring domain were vitality (61.5 ± 9.1), followed by role emotion (64.9 ± 6.8) and social functioning (65.2 ± 8.2). OHIP-14: the best-scoring domain were handicap (37.1 ± 15.1) and psychological disability (45.7 ± 11.9), the best-scoring domain were physical pain (64.2 ± 11.7) and functional limitation (61.9 ± 12.9)., Conclusions: Radial forearm free flaps for reconstruction of oral defects after cancer resection could significantly influence the patients' quality of life.

Objective: To construct recombinant adenovirus containing canine interferon-gamma (cIFN-gamma) gene and to investigate its antiviral activity against canine parvovirus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK). [Methods] The cIFN-gamma gene was inserted into adenovirus shuttle plasmid to construct pShuttle3-cIFN-gamma expression vector, from which the cIFN-gamma expression cassette was transferred into the adenovirus genomic plasmid pAdeno-X by specific restriction sites to generate recombinant adenovirus genomic plasmid pAd-cIFN-gamma. The pAd-cIFN-gamma plasmid was linearized by digestion and transfected into human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293T cells to generate the replication-defective cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus (Ad-cIFN-gamma). To analyze its anti-canine parvovirus activity, the MDCK cells were pre-infected by Ad-cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus, and then infected by canine parvovirus. The antiviral activity of the Ad-cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus against parvovirus was analyzed., Results: The recombinant adenovirus containing cIFN-gamma gene was constructed by the ligation method. The recombinant adenovirus could mediates recombinant cIFN-gamma secretory expression in MDCK cells. The Ad-cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus could significantly inhibit canine parvovirus replication in MDCK cells pre-infected with the recombinant adenovirus. These results indicate that the Ad-cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus has the potent antiviral activity against canine parvovirus., Conclusion: The Ad-cIFN-gamma recombinant adenovirus was successfully constructed by the ligation method and possessed a powerful antiviral activity against canine parvovirus.

Objective: To investigate the effects of canine interleukin-2 (cIL-2) and cIL-7 genes on enhancing the immunogenicity of canine parvovirus (CPV) VP2 DNA vaccine., Methods: The bicistronic vectors of cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes were constructed using the eukaryotic expression vector containing internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The cIL-2/ cIL-7 dicistronic vector plus previously constructed vectors, including CPV VP2 DNA vaccine vector, cIL-2 vector and cIL-7 vector, were used to co-immunize mice with different combinations, consisting of VP2 alone, VP2 + cIL-2, VP2 + cIL-7 and VP2 + cIL-2/cIL-7. The VP2-specific antibody levels in immunized mice were measured by ELISA at different time post-immunization. The proliferation indices and interferon-gamma expression were measured by lymphocyte proliferation assay and ELISA, respectively., Results: The cIL-2/cIL-7 bicistronic vector was correct and could mediate cIL-2 and cIL-7 gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Immunization results revealed that the antibody titers and the neutralizing antibody levels of the mice co-immunized with VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vectors were significantly higher than that with either VP2 + cIL-2 vectors or VP2 + cIL-7 vectors (P < 0.05). The lymphocyte proliferation indices of VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vector-immunized mice were also higher than that of other two groups although not statistically significant. However, the IFN-gamma expression levels of VP2 + cIL-7/cIL-2 vector-immunized mice were significantly higher than other immunized mice (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: The cIL-2 and cIL-7 genes showed the significant synergic effects on enhancing the immunogenecity of CPV VP2 DNA vaccine.

Objective: To analyze the genetic characterization of the complete genome from a human echovirus 6 (Echo6) strain KM57-09 isolated in Yunnan, China, in 2009., Methods: Using the RT-PCR, eight fragments containing about 1000 nucleotides which covered the whole viral genome were sequenced. The sequences were aligned with other reference enterovirus sequences downloaded from the GenBank, using Mega 5.05, RDP 3 and SimPlot 3.5.1 softwares., Results: Similar to the other human enterovirus, KM57-09 isolate genome appeared to have 7419 nucleotides in length, encoding for 2191 amino acids. In the complete genome, the rates of homology on nucleotide and amino acid among the seven Echo6 isolates were 79.3% - 80.2% and 93.3% - 94.4%, respectively as well as 79.3% and 93.6% of the rates of homology when compared with that of D' Amor prototype strain. In different segment of genome. The 2C-3A genome region was most similar to the HN-2-E25 strain, the 5' UTR, VP4, 3D and 3' UTR genome region were most similar to the CoxB5-Henan-2010. In the VP1 gene, the rates of homology on nucleotide and amino acid among the China isolates were 80.0% - 96.0% and 95.8% - 99.0%, respectively, and showed 77.6% - 96.0% and 95.2% - 99.0% of the rates on homology when compared to the other Echo6 reference strains isolated from other countries or areas, respectively., Results: from phylogenetic analysis showed that the Echo6 formed five distinct groups, A-E. The KM57-09 strain belonged to clade E. The nucleotide divergence between clades was 15.6% - 23.3%. The putative recombinant event for KM57-09 was detected with RDP 3, SimPlot 3.5.1 and 3D sequence phylogenetic analysis., Conclusion: All the Echo6 isolates could be divided into five clades, the KM57-09 strain belonged to Clade E. The Echo6 strains isolated in China were contributed to several different chains of transmission.

Objective: To develop a human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection risk appraisal model suitable for men who has sex with men (MSM) in Guangzhou, and to provide tools for follow-up the outcomes on health education and behavior intervention., Methods: A cros-sectional study was conducted in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2010. Based on the HIV surveillance data, the main risk factors of HIV infection among MSM were screened by means of logistic regression. Degree on relative risk was transformed into risk scores by adopting the statistics models. Individual risk scores, group risk scores and individual infection risk in comparison with usual MSM groups could then be calculated according to the rate of exposure on those risk factors appeared in data from the surveillance programs., Results: Risk factors related to HIV infection among MSM and the quantitative assessment standard (risk scores and risk scores table of population groups) for those factors were set up by multiple logistic regression, including age, location of registered residence, monthly income, major location for finding their sexual partners, HIV testing in the past year, age when having the first sexual intercourse, rate of condom use in the past six months, symptoms related to sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and syphilis in particular. The average risk score of population was 6.06, with risk scores for HIV positive and negative as 3.10 and 18.08 respectively (P < 0.001). The rates of HIV infection for different score groups were 0.9%, 2.0%, 7.0%, 14.4% and 33.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity on the prediction of scores were 54.4% and 75.4% respectively, with the accuracy rate as 74.2%., Conclusion: HIV infection risk model could be used to quantify and classify the individual's infectious status and related factors among MSM more directly and effectively, so as to help the individuals to identify their high-risk behaviors as well as lifestyles. We felt that it could also serve as an important tool used for personalized HIV health education and behavior intervention programs.

Objective: To investigate the antiviral activity of porcine lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in vitro., Methods: The SP-A gene was amplified by PCR from the plasmid containing porcine SP-A gene, and subcloned into pcDNA3. 1A-CD5 vector containing the human CD5 signal peptide to generate SP-A eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA-CD5-SPA/MH. The recombinant expression vector was transfected into HEK293T cells mediated with calcium phosphate. The expressed recombinant SP-A was identified by Western blot and purified from culture medium by Ni-NTA-Agarose beads. The binding activity of SP-A with PRRSV was identified by ELISA. The antiviral activity of SP-A to PRRSV was analyzed by viral titer reduction assays on MARC-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM)., Results: The results showed that the eukaryotic expression vector of SP-A gene could mediate SP-A expression in HEK293T cells, the expressed SP-A could bind PRRSV in a dose dependent manner. The PRRSV incubated in advance with SP-A showed the lower infective activity compared with no-SP-A-incubated PRRSV on both MARC-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages. The SP-A-treated PRRSV titers in MARC-145 cells and PAM cells were significantly lower than that of SP-A-untreated PRRSV at 72 h post-infection., Conclusion: Recombinant porcine SP-A significantly inhibit the infection of PRRSV to the host cells in vitro, which indicates that recombinant SP-A possesses anti-PRRSV activity.

Objective: To investigate the effects of canine parvovirus (CPV) non-structural protein-1 (NS1) on the cell apoptosis induced by CPV and preliminarily explore the mechanism of CPV-induced apoptosis., Methods: First, the NS1 gene was amplified by PCR from CPV genomic DNA and subcloned into pcDNA3. 1A vector to generate NS1 eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA-NS1. To verify whether pcDNA-NS1 vector can mediate NS1 expression in eukaryotic cells, the human embryo kideny (HEK) 293FT cells were used to transiently express the recombinant NS1. The effects of NS1 on CPV-induced apoptosis were investigated by infecting the F81 host cells with CPV and transfecting the cells with NS1 vector. The apoptosis of the cells was detected by AnnexinV/PI double staining for phosphatidylserine externalization on membrane and by luminescence method for caspase-3/7 activities., Results: The results show that the sequence of NS1 gene amplified was consistent with the GenBank. The NS1 expression vector was shown to be correct and could mediate NS1 expression in eukaryotic cells. The phosphatidylserine on outside of membrane was detected and the caspase-3/7 activities were increased in both CPV-infected cells and NS1-transfected cells. These results indicate that both CPV and NS1 protein can induce the apoptosis of the cells., Conclusion: CPV-induced apoptosis was closely related to its non-structural protein NS1.

Purpose: To discuss and report the operative techniques for harvesting perforator-based chimeric flap in anterolateral thigh region and the advantages for head and neck reconstruction after en bloc resection., Methods: A retrospective review was performed of perforator-based chimeric anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for head and neck reconstruction since December of 2007 to March of 2011. 66 perforator-based chimeric flaps were harvested including a skin paddle and a muscular flap supplied by one mother pedicle-descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery(d-LCFA). 32 flaps were used for the mobile tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction, 30 flaps for base of the tongue and parapharyngeal walls, two for the buccal skin, one for hemimandible and one for parotid. The muscular flap were used to eliminate the dead space of submandibular area. Flaps size ranged from 7cm±4cm to 16cm±7cm and muscular flap was 3cm±4cm approximately. The complications and functions of both donor and recipient sites were recorded and the operative techniques of perforator-based chimeric flap elevation were generalized., Results: All 65 flaps survived completely and the total survival percentage was 98.5%. Only one flap failed and was removed 5 days postoperatively. No complications(fistula, infection, hematoma, seroma et al) were observed in recipient and donor sites. Two anteromedial thigh flaps (AMT) were used for reconstruction due to no sizable perforators in the ALT region. All cases were followed up for 0.5-3 years. The flaps didn't atrophy after six months and the contour was satisfactory. The functions of speech and swallow were recovered well. All the donor sites were closed primarily and the scar was not obvious. The leg's function recovered well., Conclusions: Using a combination of retrograde and antegrade dissection is a safe and versatile method for harvesting a perforator-based chimeric flap. A chimeric flap including multiple components can meet the requirements of three-dimensional reconstruction. Perforator-based chimeric anterolateral thigh flap is one of the best choices for complex head and neck reconstruction after en bloc resection.

Objective: To investigate renal expression of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in 2-kidney-1-clip rats and explore the role of sEH in renal arterial stenosis hypertensive development., Methods: Hypertensive models were established in Sprague-Dawly rats by chronic partial occlusion of left renal artery. In the study,16 male Sprague-Dawly rats were randomized into sham operation group and 2-kidney-1-lip (2K1C) group (n=8, each group), and were observed for 40 days. Before operation and every ten days after operation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured and twenty-four-hour urine was collected. At the end of the observation, the blood and kidneys were harvested. The serum Na,24-hour urine protein excretion were measured. Renin activity and angiotensin II concentrition in plasm and renal tissue were evaluated by radioimmunoassay (RIA).The expression of sEH, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in kidneys were assessed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Histology was analysed after kidney sections were stained by Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver nitrate., Results: After surgery, the systolic blood pressure in 2K1C group gradually became higher than that in sham group. Urine protein excretion was statistically increased in 2K1C group on the 30 th and 40 th days, while serum sodium was of no significant difference from those of the two groups. Renin-angiotensin system in both clipped and nonclipped kidneys were also invoked by the 2K1C surgery. Both sEH and PPARγ were upregulated in renocortex and renomedulla in 2K1C group. The two groups were compared: in SBP,on the 10 th day, (106.70±7.71) vs.(124.04±6.79) mmHg, P<0.001,and on the 40 th day,(107.80±10.01) vs. (150.40±11.76) mmHg, P<0.001; Urine protein excretion,on the 30 th day,(206.81±37.61)vs.(292.33±20.53)mg/d, P=0.005; Serum sodium, (179.76±29.20) vs. (157.72±51.00)mmol/L, P=0.44; Renin activity[plasm(50.00±13.66) vs.(132.90± 31.22)ng/(L×h),P=0.03; clipped kidney(128.40±36.88)vs.(324.90±56.66)ng/(g×h), P=0.01; nonclipped kidney(103.00±19.87)vs.(345.10±42.68)ng/(g×h), P<0.001]; Ang II [plasm(4 810.00±1 164.00)vs. (10 470.00±1 760.00) ng/L,P=0.02, clipped kidney(735.90±154.40)vs.(2 094.00±372.20)ng/g, P=0.005, nonclipped kidney(648.10±217.90)vs.(1 774.00±206.60)ng/g, P=0.002]; the expression of sEH (sEH/β-actin) in renocortex [clipped kidney (0.33±0.08) vs. (1.73±0.12), P<0.001, nonclipped kidney (0.43±0.09)vs. (0.70± 0.05), P=0.04]; the expression of PPARγ (PPARγ/β-actin) in renocortex [clipped kidney(0.17±0.05) vs. (0.89±0.11), P=0.002, and nonclipped kidney(0.27±0.07) vs. (0.56±0.07), P=0.04]. Clipped kidney showed more severe glomerulosclerosis and tubular atrophy in 2K1C group than in sham group., Conclusion: sEH probably plays an important role in the development of hypertension in the rat models of renovascular hypertension. The activation of PPAR-γ and RAAS by renal arterial stenosis are associated with sEH upregulation, suggesting that they might regulate sEH expression and take part in hypertensive development.

Purpose: To find a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity for anterolateral thigh flap (ALT) without suitable perforator., Methods: From December 2007 to February 2011, 2 of 64 patients underwent tongue and floor of mouth reconstruction with an anteromedial thigh flap with the initial intent of using an anterolateral thigh flap. One was a perforator flap and the size was 7cm×4cm , the other was a perforator-based chimeric flap including a slender of rectus femoris island and a 14cm×6cm skin paddle. Both of the AMT flap pedicles were medial branch of descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) and the pedicle length was 10 to 12cm., Results: The flaps survived completely and no complications occurred in recipient and donor sites. The two patients were followed up for 0.5 to 12 months. The functions of speech and swallow recovered well. The donor site was closed primarily and scar was not obvious. The leg's function recovered well., Conclusion: AMT flap is a reliable alternative flap with minimal donor site morbidity when there is no suitable perforator in anterolateral thigh region.

A series of red phosphors with the composition Na(z)Ca(1-x-2y-z), Bi(y) MoO4 : Eu(x+y)3+ (y, z = 0, x = 0.24, 0.26, 0.30, 0.34, 0.38; x = 0.30, y = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.03, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07; x = 0.30, y = 0.04, z = 0.38) were prepared via traditional solid-state method. The crystal structures of the obtained phosphors were identified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method. The photoluminescence properties of the samples were characterized by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results indicated that the concentration of Eu3+ single doped Ca(1-x) MoO4 : Eu3+ with the maximum luminescence intensity was found to be 0.30 (namely, Ca0.70 MoO4 : Eu(0.30)3+); the photoluminescence properties with different ratio of Bi3+/Eu3+ codoped Ca0.70-2y Bi(y) MoO4 : Eu(0.30+y)3+, were also investigated, and the results showed that the charge band (CTB) reached the maximum value when the y value was equal to 0.03; for the characteristic excitation peaks of Eu3+, however, the intensity of the excitation spectral line locating at 393 nm was stronger than that at 464 nm when y < 0.03, while the intensity at 464 nm was greater than that at 393 nm when y > or = 0.03; the intensity of excitation peaks locating at 393 and 464 nm respectively both reached the maximum intensity when the y value was 0.04. The relative intensity of the excitation and emission of the above phosphor was enhanced greatly when Na2CO3 acting as charge compensation was added. The above results showed that the relative intensity between 393 and 464 nm could be changed by adjusting the ratio of Bi3+ /Eu3+ codoping concentrations.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of Hadeco ES-1000spm hand-held doppler during the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap harvest., Methods: Twenty-five patients (26 sides) with ALT flaps for head and neck reconstruction between May 2005 and May 2010 received preoperative Doppler examination for the location of the cutaneous perforators of ALT flaps. The Doppler signals and body mass index (BMI) were recorded preoperatively according to ABC system. The locations of Doppler signals and of the actual cutaneous perforators at surgery were plotted and compared. The diameter of perforators was measured., Results: One to three cutaneous perforators of the ALT flap were consistently found at specific locations. They were named perforators A, B, C from proximal to distal. Perforators A, B and C were present in 15 (58%), 24 (92%) and 20 (77%) cases and the diameter (> 0.5 mm) of A, B and C were 11/15, 22 (92%) and 8 (40%) respectively. The Doppler signal was within 0.5 cm of the actual perforator location in 85% flaps. The accuracy of Doppler decreased with increase of BMI., Conclusions: Preoperative assessment by hand-held Doppler is useful in predicting the perforator vessels' locations and diameter although it's accuracy is limited.