Search

Background and objective In China, lung cancer remains the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate. Among early-stage lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD), the micropapillary (MPP) component is prevalent and typically exhibits high aggressiveness, significantly correlating with early metastasis, lymphatic infiltration, and reduced five-year survival rates. Therefore, the study is to explore the similarities and differences between MPP and non-micropapillary (non-MPP) components in malignant pulmonary nodules characterized by GGOs in early-stage LUAD, identify unique mutational features of the MPP component and analyze the relationship between the ZNF469 gene, a member of the zinc-finger protein family, and the prognosis of early-stage LUAD, as well as its correlation with immune infiltration. Methods A total of 31 malignant pulmonary nodules of LUAD were collected and dissected into paired MPP and non-MPP components using microdissection. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the components of early-stage malignant pulmonary nodules. Mutational signatures analysis was conducted using R packages such as maftools, Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), and Sigminer to unveil the genomic mutational characteristics unique to MPP components in invasive LUAD compared to other tumor tissues. Furthermore, we explored the expression of the ZNF469 gene in LUAD using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate its potential association with the prognosis. We also investigated gene interaction networks and signaling pathways related to ZNF469 in LUAD using the GeneMANIA database and conducted Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Lastly, we analyzed the correlation between ZNF469 gene expression and levels of immune cell infiltration in LUAD using the TIMER and TISIDB databases. Results MPP components exhibited a higher number of genomic variations, particularly the 13th COSMIC (Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer) mutational signature characterized by the activity of the cytidine deaminase APOBEC family, which was unique to MPP components compared to non-MPP components in tumor tissues. This suggests the potential involvement of APOBEC in the progression of MPP components in early-stage LUAD. Additionally, MPP samples with high similarity to APOBEC signature displayed a higher tumor mutational burden (TMB), indicating that these patients may be more likely to benefit from immunotherapy. The expression of ZNF469 was significantly upregulated in LUAD compared to normal tissue, and was associated with poor prognosis in LUAD patients (P

Using kale, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum and purple carrot as the main raw materials, and angel Lactobacillus as fermentation strains, the purple carrot compound fermented beverage was prepared. Orthogonal experiment was used to optimize the sugar addition, inoculum amount, fermentation temperature and fermentation time. Results showed that the optimal sugar addition of the fermented vegetable beverage was 7%, the lactic acid bacteria inoculation amount was 5‰, the fermentation temperature was 41 ℃, the fermentation time was 38 h. The final compound fermented beverage with moderate sour and sweetness taste, and bright red color was obtained. And the total sugar was 0.21 g/L, the total acid was 0.38 g/L, the dietary fiber content was 0.41 g/L, the number of Lactobacillus was 7.42×107 CFU/g, the sensory score was 93.3. A total of 71 volatile flavor substances were detected, mainly ketones and aldehydes, followed by alcohols, acids, esters and other compounds. Among them, the highest concentrations of geranylacetone, acetic acid and (2E)-2-decenal were 15.60%, 13.14% and 6.40%, respectively, which were the main sources of fermented beverage flavor. This study provides new ideas for the development of vegetable beverages and provides a reference for the further development of agricultural and sideline products.