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Objectives: Diamond tools are crucial in stone processing, and their performance is directly related to processing quality and cost. With the rise of stone and labor costs, the performance requirements on diamond tools are also increasing, including sharpness, self sharpening, tool life, and cutting efficiency. To improve efficiency and reduce costs, users often increase the cutting machine power and speed, which further requires diamond tools to have higher sharpness and strength at the risk of breakage. A practical method method is to increase the content of tin (Sn) in the segment to enhance its brittleness without changing the diamond concentration and particle size. However, an increase in Sn content will reduce the strength of the segment and may lead to a decrease in the holding force between CuSn alloy and diamond. For example, the commonly used CuSn10 and CuSn15 pre alloy powders in industry have low strength and weak holding force on diamond. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the powder properties and processing technology. Methods: Adding Zn element to CuSn10 alloy powder can improve powder strength and holding force. CuSnZn-x alloy powder (mass fraction of Zn, x=10.00%, 15.00%, 20.00%, 25.00%, 30.00%) was prepared by atomization process. The hot pressing sintering temperatures were 610 ℃, 615 ℃, 630 ℃, 645 ℃, 655 ℃, and the sintering pressure was 21 MPa. The melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder was tested using a differential thermal analyzer. The density of the sintered segment was tested using Archimedes drainage method. The bending strength of the sintered segment was tested using mechanical performance testing equipment. The Rockwell hardness of the sintered segment was measured using a Rockwell hardness tester. The microstructure morphology of the sintered segment and its fracture were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Other performances of samples with different Zn contents were analyzed and compared as well, namely theoretical density, Rockwell hardness, and flexural strength, to study the influence of Zn content on sample microstructure. Results: With the increase of Zn content, the rate of decrease in melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder first increases and then decreases. When the Zn mass fraction is 30%, the melting temperature decreases to 848 ℃, which is 164 ℃ lower than that of CuSn10. As the Zn content increases, the brass in the sintered segment gradually transforms from the α phase to the α+β phase and then the α+β+β´ phase, resulting in a significant increase in the Rockwell hardness of the segment. The bending strength of the sintered segment first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum value of 542 MPa when the Zn mass fraction is 20.00%. When the mass fraction of Zn is 10.00% and 15.00%, obvious toughness dimples are observed on the fracture surface of the sintered segment, and particle peeling is observed on the fracture surface. The peeling surface is smooth and flat, indicating grain boundary peeling fracture of the phase structure. When the mass fraction of Zn is 20.00% and 25.00%, a large number of cleavage fracture surfaces are observed on the fracture surface of the sintered segment, and a small amount of smooth concave transgranular fracture is observed, which is partially intergranular fracture and partially transgranular fracture. When the mass fraction of Zn is 30.00%, the fracture surface of the sintered segment is flat and smooth, and the crack passes through the phase interface and grain along the hard and brittle structure, which is transgranular fracture. Conclusions: Adding Zn element can effectively reduce the melting point of alloy powder, and with the increase of Zn content, the hardness of sintered samples increases while the toughness decreases. When the Zn content is 30.00%, the melting temperature of CuSnZn alloy powder reaches its minimum value. When the Zn content exceeds 25.00%, the strength of the sintered samples will gradually decrease. Therefore, in actual production, the appropriate amount of Zn addition and sintering process should be selected based on comprehensive consideration of demand.

Elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often face the problems of multimorbidity and multiple medications, and these conditions often lead to irrational or inappropriate medication use, significantly affecting patient outcomes and quality of life, making early and effective medication decisions particularly important. As an important supplement to medication support information, decision support tools, including electronic health record-based systems, mobile applications, online health platforms, etc., provide personalized, evidence-based medical information to help patients understand medication regimens, assist patients and healthcare professionals in making more rational medication decisions, enhance the appropriateness and safety of medication, and reduce the risk of drug interactions, thereby improving the overall treatment of patients and reducing the risk of drug interactions. The application of medication management in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has made significant progress, thus improving the overall outcome and quality of life of patients. This article summarizes the current situation of medication use in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the influencing factors, types, application methods and their roles of decision aids, aiming to provide reference for the development of medication decision aids for this population in China.

The study of the bedding plane effect has important implications for stability analysis of deep rock masses. However, the differences in shear mechanical behavior between natural layered rocks under reverse and normal dip conditions are still not well understood. For this , a full-angle shear test of shale with 0°≤ψ≤180° (ψ is the bedding plane inclination angle, defined as the angle of clockwise rotation from the shear surface to the laminar surface) was carried out. The shear mechanical properties and differences in failure modes of shale under different bedding plane inclination angles were extensively analyzed. Additionally, the analysis results were supplemented and verified with discrete element simulations. The results are as follows. Firstly, the minimum shear strength is achieved when shearing parallel to the bedding plane. The strength reaches a maximum at ψ=30° and local peaks at 90° and 135°. The shear strength is relatively higher when shearing in the reverse direction. For ψ>30°, the shear strength generally decreases with ψ. Secondly, according to the differences in the shear mechanical behavior under various ψ, the layered rocks are divided into three groups: bedding tension and matrix shear group (ψ=15°-60°), matrix shear group (ψ=75°-120°), matrix and bedding shear group (135°-180°). Thirdly, In the pre-peak stage, stress drop phenomenon only exists in the matrix shear group. In the post-peak stage, stress drops in a “step-like” manner for bedding tension and matrix shear group. Fourthly, tension and shear failures coexist, with shear failure being predominant. Lastly, the number of shear cracks of layer is dominant when shearing parallel to the bedding plane. The number of shear cracks in the matrix is the highest at 90°. At ψ= 30°, the maximum number of tensile cracks is observed in the bedding plane, followed by shear cracks in the matrix. The shear cracks are mainly observed in the bedding and matrix at ψ= 150°. The study reveals the anisotropic characteristics and differences in reverse and normal dip shear of layered rocks. The results provide a scientific basis for improving anisotropic mechanical models and analyzing disaster mechanisms and surrounding rock stability.

This is an article in the field of mineral analysis and testing. A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of Nb, Ta, Li and Be in Nb Ta ore by alkali fusion inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was established. The mixed alkali of sodium peroxide and sodium hydroxide=1:1 is used to decompose the sample. During extraction, niobium, tantalum and other elements are completely precipitated and separated from the liquid. The content of niobium, tantalum, lithium and beryllium in the sample is determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer after conversion and precipitation with 25 mL of 10% sulfuric acid+10% hydrogen peroxide solution. This method is used to determine the national first-class reference materials GBW 07153, GBW 07155 and GBW 07185. The measured values of each element are basically consistent with the certified values, with a relative error of 0.50%～4.77% and a relative standard deviation (n=6) of -0.009%～0.008%. It is applicable to the determination of niobium and tantalum in niobium tantalum concentrates, refractory or complex samples, and has been applied in production practice.

With the overconsumption of fossil carbon resources, resulting in a large amount of CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions, caused by global climate change has become one of the major challenges facing all mankind. At the same time, the development and utilization of coal resources will produce a large amount of coal-based solid wastes containing calcium and magnesium, such as fly ash, desulfurization gypsum and other solid wastes. How to realize efficient CO2 capture and sequestration is a very challenging issue nowadays, as well as the large-scale comprehensive utilization of fly ash, coal gasification slag, and other large-scale heavy polluting industrial solid wastes is still in need of a breakthrough. Under the goal of “double carbon”, CO2 mineralization from coal-based solid waste is a potential strategy to effectively address global warming, and mineral carbonation of coal-based solid wastes containing calcium and magnesium has great prospects for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration (CCS) as well as for the resource-based disposal of solid waste. However, the industrial application bottleneck of CO2 mineralization in coal-based solid waste is still unable to break through. This paper reviews the current development of CO2 mineralization from fly ash (FA), desulfurization gypsum (FGDG), and coal gasification slag (CGS), with the aim of exploring the reasons for their technical limitations. Firstly, this paper briefly elaborates on the pathways for CO2 mineralization of coal based solid waste, revealing the reaction process and principles of CO2 mineralization of coal based solid waste. Secondly, the mineralization potential and process of typical coal-based solid waste were summarized and compared to clarify the mechanism of the regulation of the process parameters on the product properties during CO2 mineralization process. Finally, the performance of CO2 mineralization products from coal-based solid waste was summarized, and the feasibility of the mineralization process and its environmental impact were elucidated using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This paper will provide optimization suggestions on the process technology of coal-based solid waste CO2 mineralization to promote the strategic goal of low-carbon transformation in the coal industry.

Using an impact damage-percolation experimental system for gas-bearing coal or rock, the authors carry out various gas-bearing coal impact experiments with in-situ seepage tests to reveal the law of dynamic mechanical characteristics, fracture expansion, and permeability changes of gas-bearing coal under different impact loads and gas pressures loading. Using an industrial CT scanning system, the authors conduct a 3D reconstruction of the fracture structure in order to analyze the internal fracture expansion characteristics of gas-bearing coal and the influence law on gas permeation patterns. The results show that both the impact load and gas pressure play an important role in the dynamic mechanical properties, deformation process, fracture expansion, and gas permeation patterns of gas-bearing coal: ① Under the coupling of impact load and gas pressure, the stress-strain curve of gas-bearing coal has an inconspicuous compaction stage due to the influence of confining pressure and axial pressure. The deformation process of gas-bearing coal includes elastic deformation stage, strain strengthening stage, and failure stage. ② The increase of impact load will increase the dynamic mechanical parameter value of gas-bearing coal, while the increase of gas pressure will reduce the value. The greater the impact load, the higher the gas pressure, and the more sufficient the fracture expansion of gas-bearing coal. At the same time, the fracture structure is more complex. ③ The seepage law of gas-bearing coal is controlled by fracture expansion. Under the coupling of impact load and gas pressure, three types of gas flow exist in gas-bearing coal: pore flow, coexistence of pore flow and fracture flow, and fracture flow. After the impact failure of gas-bearing coal, the gas flow pattern can transition from pore flow to coexistence of pore flow and fracture flow, and eventually to fracture flow, as the gas pressure increases and the influence of gas wedges intensifies. Fracture expansion and flow patterns jointly affect the seepage law of gas-bearing coal. The permeability of gas-bearing coal generally exhibits a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing with the increase of gas pressure.

Wooden breast barriers the development of broiler industry, and traditional detection methods are time-consuming and inefficient. To investigate the feasibility of the hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technique for the detection of wooden breasts, four different grades of white feather chicken breast were selected and their HSI information of 400~1000 and 1000~2000 nm was collected. After spectral preprocessing and spectral variable selection, partial least squares discriminant (PLS-DA) models and support vector machine (SVM) models were developed based on full wavelength and characteristic spectral variables, as well as their fused HSI data. The results showed that SVM models showed better results than PLS-DA models to discriminate woody grades of chicken breasts. The overall discrimination rates based on the full HSI bands and selected spectral variables in 1000~2000 nm were higher than those of models in 400~1000 nm. Besides, the discrimination models based on fused HSI data of HSI bands and selected spectral variables provided the best results, with the overall discrimination rate of 96.7% for four different woody grades, and the accuracy of the four grades could reach more than 90%. The research results provided technical support for HSI to achieve rapid and non-destructive detection of wooden chicken breasts.

In recent years, software vulnerabilities have been causing a multitude of security incidents, and the early discovery and patching of vulnerabilities can effectively reduce losses.Traditional rule-based vulnerability detection methods, relying upon rules defined by experts, suffer from a high false negative rate.Deep learning-based methods have the capability to automatically learn potential features of vulnerable programs.However, as software complexity increases, the precision of these methods decreases.On one hand, current methods mostly operate at the function level, thus unable to handle inter-procedural vulnerability samples.On the other hand, models such as BGRU and BLSTM exhibit performance degradation when confronted with long input sequences, and are not adept at capturing long-term dependencies in program statements.To address the aforementioned issues, the existing program slicing method has been optimized, enabling a comprehensive contextual analysis of vulnerabilities triggered across functions through the combination of intra-procedural and inter-procedural slicing.This facilitated the capture of the complete causal relationship of vulnerability triggers.Furthermore, a vulnerability detection task was conducted using a Transformer neural network architecture equipped with a multi-head attention mechanism.This architecture collectively focused on information from different representation subspaces, allowing for the extraction of deep features from nodes.Unlike recurrent neural networks, this approach resolved the issue of information decay and effectively learned the syntax and semantic information of the source program.Experimental results demonstrate that this method achieves an F1 score of 73.4% on a real software dataset.Compared to the comparative methods, it shows an improvement of 13.6% to 40.8%.Furthermore, it successfully detects several vulnerabilities in open-source software, confirming its effectiveness and applicability.

The reservoirs in the seventh member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Chang 7 Member) in the Qingcheng Oilfield of the Ordos Basin are characterized by thin sandbody, tight rocks, high heterogeneity, low formation pressure coefficient, and complex geomorphology. Through the efforts in the stages of exploration, appraisal, pilot testing and development, a series of key technologies have been formed, including “sweet spot” optimization, differentiated three-dimensional well deployment, fast drilling and completion of large-scale horizontal well cluster, intensively-staged volume fracturing in long horizontal well, and optimization of rational production system. Furthermore, a production organization mode represented by factory-like operations on loess platform has been implemented. Application of these technologies has enabled to significantly improve the single-well production of the Qingcheng Oilfield, reduce the investment cost, and realize a large-scale and beneficial development at a full cost below $55 per barrel. In 2022, the annual production of Chang 7 shale oil in the Ordos Basin reached 221×104 t, accounting for 70% of the annual shale oil production of China. The practice of development technologies in the Qingcheng Oilfield provides valuable references for efficient development of continental shale oil.

Kidney disease is one of the most common diseases and end-stage renal failure has seriously endangered human health. Therefore it is quite imperative to explore its pathogenesis and devise effective measures to delay the progress of kidney diseases. Proviral integration site 1 of murine leukemia virus (PIM1) is a serine/threonine kinase with diverse biological functions of regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, immune responses, inflammation and mitochondrial integrity. This review focused upon PIM1 and its mechanistic role in the development of kidney disease, providing rationales for a proper management of kidney diseases in clinical practices.

This study aimed to verify the biogenic amines degradation performance and potential application value of Lactobacillus casei on biogenic amines. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to study the biogenic amines degradation performance of this strain under liquid culture conditions and its biogenic amines degradation effect in 6 kinds of commercially available fermented foods in Guizhou. The results showed that in the liquid culture experiment, the biogenic amines degradation rates of this strain to histamine, spermidine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, tyramine, and tryptamine was 9.44%, 23.39%, 16.27%, 13.68%, 19.14%, 18.16%, and 12.45%, respectively. In addition, it was found that its degradation rates of tryptamine in Zhenyuan Daocai was 56.68%, the degradation rates of cadaverine, histamine and spermidine in bean paste were 68.06%, 74.52% and 85.82%, the degradation rates of tryptamine and cadaverine in soy sauce were 66.75% and 81.53%, the degradation rates of tryptamine in paocai was 45.74%, the degradation rates of tryptamine, cadaverine, histamine and spermidine in canned fish were 55.66%, 63.92%, 45.96% and 52.62%, the degradation rates of tryptamine, histamine and spermidine in sausage were 71.15%, 56.26% and 75.54%, respectively. The study also found that this strain had the ability to produce and degrade biogenic amines, and the degradation of the same biogenic amine in different foods was different. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the application of Lactobacillus casei in low-amine fermented food.

[Introduction] In order to guarantee urban power supply and offshore wind power utilization without building new power lines, the paper aims to establish a electricity transmission strategy based on wind-coal-battery- hydrogen -CCUS multi energy coupling and bundling system, which is analyzed theoretically and verified by simulation.[Method] To verify the effectiveness of the strategy, four experimental schemes (separate transmission of wind and coal power, bundled transmission of wind and coal power without operation coupling, bundled transmission of wind and coal power with operation coupling, and wind-coal-battery-hydrogen-CCUS coupled transmission) were set up, and based on the HOMER software environment and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the system operation simulation and index calculation of the test scheme are carried out.[Result] According to the simulation results, compared with normal separate transmission strategy, power transmission line capacity of system applying wind-coal bundled transmission strategy can be decreased by 2.2 GW, with an average utilization rate of 59%, i.e. 21%~23% higher. In the case that the wind power and coal power share the same transmission line without coordinated operation, the wind power curtailment is 164 GWh in total. System applying wind-coal-battery–hydrogen-CCUS bundled transmission strategy could avoid wind power curtailment and reduce carbon emission from unit power supply by about 30~33g/MWh. [Conclusion] In conclusion, the electricity transmission strategy established by this paper is supposed to be feasible and effective and contributing to planning and construction of offshore wind power project.

In order to improve the processing quality, processing efficiency and reduce the cost wastage of the dome surface, the effect of each motion parameter on the uniformity of material removal from the optical dome surface during the polishing process was investigated. In this paper, the dispersion coefficient was used as the evaluation index, and the single abrasive particle motion trajectory model was established based on the relative motion and vector method. A triangular mesh was used to iteratively divide the surface of the orthorhombic icosahedron, and the number of trajectory points in each triangular mesh was counted to characterize the number of polishing times. It can be concluded that the speed ratio has a significant effect on the distribution of abrasive trajectories and material removal. With the same speed ratio, increasing the radius of the polishing head, the dispersion coefficient gradually decreases and the uniformity of dome surface material removal changes from poor to good. Increasing the pendulum speed, the length and density of the trajectory gradually decrease, the dispersion coefficient becomes larger, and the non-uniformity of the dome surface increases. The change in the initial phase of abrasive particles has essentially no effect on trajectory uniformity.

In order to improve the utilization rate of silver carp fat, a by-product of silver carp surimi processing, the modified starch-based Pickering emulsion was prepared with six modified starches as solid particles and silver carp oil as oil phase. The effects of starch type, starch amount (1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, w/w), oil-to-water ratio (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, w/w) and ionic strength (NaCl concentration: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 mol/L) on the emulsion physicochemical properties (including particle size, Zeta potential, emulsifying properties, stability, rheological properties, and microstructure) were investigated. The results showed that, among the six modified starches, the octenyl succinic anhydride modified corn starch had the smallest particle size (146.73 nm) and the largest contact angle (71.5°), and its Pickering emulsion had the best stability. The oil-water ratio and starch amount significantly affected the physiochemical properties of the prepared emulsion, and the emulsion had gel properties at the higher level of oil-water ratio (0.5~0.6) and starch amount (4%~5%). The addition of an appropriate amount (0.3~0.5 mol/L) of sodium chloride could promote the micro-flocculation of the emulsion and enhance the stability of the emulsion. The emulsion microstructure observed by confocal laser microscopic (CLSM) revealed that the particle size of the emulsion droplets decreased with the increase of starch amount, and the oil droplets were completely wrapped by modified starch particles and formed a dense interfacial film at the addition of 2%~5% starch. In conclusion, the better performance of Pickering emulsion was achieved at the oil-water ratio 0.5, starch amount 4% and sodium chloride concentration 0.4 mol/L, respectively. The study provides a reference for the preparation of fish oil Pickering emulsion and improves its application in functional food.

The seismic monitoring center station is the basic unit of the seismic monitoring system. In the face of the new situation of reform and development and the establishment of a comprehensive emergency disaster relief system, the Yunnan Earthquake Agency completed the listing of the provincial seismic monitoring center stations at the end of September 2021, and determined the organization setting, function division and staffing of the center station, in order to better meet the needs of the seismic monitoring work in the development of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the new era. By reviewing the reform process of the Yunnan seismic monitoring center stations, this paper analyzes the current situation of the Yunnan seismic monitoring center station reform and the existing deficiencies, and puts forward corresponding optimization suggestions for the future development path. This is of great significance for improving the monitoring and forecasting capability and modernization level of the central stations, strengthening and standardizing the management of earthquake stations in Yunnan, and giving full play to the basic role of the seismic monitoring centers in the development of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in the province.

[Introduction] Difficulties in storage and transportation impose restrictions on the large-scale development and utilization of hydrogen energy, so it is necessary to find a solution for large-scale hydrogen storage and long-distance transportation at a low cost. [Method] Ammonia and methanol were widely used in the industry, and both of them could be produced from hydrogen and could be decomposed into hydrogen by cracking reactions. Thus, they could be used as the storage and transportation media for hydrogen energy in the form of chemicals. [Result] The production and utilization technologies of ammonia and methanol are relatively mature, and both green ammonia and green methanol can be produced from green hydrogen. However, as there are few related engineering projects settled in China, it is necessary to promote the further development of technology and the demonstration of engineering projects. [Conclusion] With the progress of "carbon peak and neutrality" developing in depth, hydrogen, as a technology with dual properties of industrial raw material and fuel, will play an important part in promoting energy-saving and carbon reduction. Ammonia and methanol, as mature technologies with complete industry chains and clear advantages for storage and transportation, are expected to become important pathways for hydrogen storage and transportation. Therefore, the development of ammonia and methanol technologies based on green hydrogen is expected to promote the development of the hydrogen energy industry and help China achieve the "carbon peak and neutrality" goals.

The possibility of using lasers to achieve previously unobtainable states of matter in the laboratory gained much attention following the demonstration of the first pulsed laser in 1960. In the following few years there was plenty research activity as attempts were made to increase the peak power and focused intensity in order to reach extreme conditions within the laboratory. Laser-acceleration technology is rapidly developing. Petawatt class lasers have been constructed for specific research activities, including particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion and radiation therapy, and for secondary source generation (X rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and ions). As a new source of ionizing radiation, dose measurement in ultra-intense and ultra-short laser facilities is of great value for radiation protection of the environment, occupational staff and shielding design in laser device design stage. Owing to the pulsed and mixed characteristics of radiation field around the laser facility, it is really challenging to accurately measure the dose equivalent induced by bremsstrahlung photon in the target chamber of the laser facility. Moreover, the rationality of dose assessment model needs more experimental data and to be further verified. To reach this point, the Monte-Carlo program FLUKA was employed to characterize the radiation filed distribution. Firstly, a complete and thorough target chamber module was established according to the XG-Ⅲ geometry parameter and material composition. The in-chamber and out-chamber dose distribution were then calculated and analyzed based on the existing theoretical model of electron source term and typical experimental conditions. The electron energy distribution, characteristic electron temperature, scaling laws and laser-to-energy conversion efficiency were introduced. Secondly, the typical electron spectrum was divided into four intervals. The portion of different energy intervals to the total equivalent dose was determined. Thirdly, a bremsstrahlung photon dose equivalent measuring module was designed and optimized for ultra-intense and ultra-short laser facilities. The simulation results indicate that: 1) The electron dose equivalent is higher than the bremsstrahlung photons both inside and outside the target chamber; 2) The dose equivalent contribution of 0.15 MeV electron energy interval to the total energy range is dominant, and the module was design based on the conclusion; 3) The designed module mainly consists of PMMA and metallic shielding material. With this approach, the module can reduce the electron dose equivalent to 0.3% and photon dose equivalent to 69.1%. The dose ratio of electron to photon is about 128%. In addition, 5% of the total photon dose is contributed by the occurrence of bremsstrahlung of highenergy electron in PMMA.

In the context of constructing a powerful marine country, the research on the vulnerability of the marine economic system in Shandong Province is of great significance for the sustainable development of the marine economy. This paper constructed an index system of marine economic system vulnerability from four aspects: coping capability, sensitivity, coercion and elasticity, and calculated the index weight based on the entropy weight method. The vulnerability of the system was analyzed, and combined with the obstacle degree model, the first five obstacles affecting the vulnerability of the marine economic system were studied in detail from the index level. The study found: First, the vulnerability of the marine economic system in Shandong Province experienced obvious fluctuations from 2007 to 2014, and since 2014, the degree of system vulnerability of the marine economy in Shandong Province has shown a downward trend; overall, the sensitivity showing a gradual upward trend, the coping ability and coercion have experienced the initial big ups and downs, and have shown upward momentum since 2009 and 2013, respectively. Except for the extremely high value in 2013, the other years showed relatively stable elasticity. Finally, through the analysis of the obstacle degree of the standard layer in each year, it was found that the coping ability (R) and sensitivity (S) played a major role, and through the obstacle degree analysis of the index layer, it was found that the total industrial wastewater discharge (10, 000 tons) ), foreign exchange income from inbound tourism (10, 000 US dollars), investment in fixed assets of the whole society (100 million yuan), passenger throughput (10, 000 person-times), marine industrial structure diversification index, per capita urban road area (square meters), marine tertiary industry accounted for ratio (%) and number of protected areas (pieces) was the main obstacle.

In order to improve the efficiency of dynamic calculation of coal reserves in the mining process of coal working face and enrich the dynamic updated data required in the construction of 3D geological model of working face in intelligent mining, a GIS based coal mining face data management method is proposed through the full analysis and in-depth research on the professional needs, business processes, technical routes and data structure of coal mining face data management. At the data level, the business process of coal exploration data management was optimized, the data structure and storage method of different types of coal exploration data were designed, the coal exploration data sharing and management of mining face based on spatial relational database were realized from using the spatial data organization and management mode. At the presentation level, the interactive management of coal exploration data and graphics was realized based on the domestic geographic information system platform, LongRuanGIS, independently developed from the bottom. At the business level, a drawing algorithm of coal exploration line was proposed to realize the rapid drawing of different coal exploration lines. The data structure, drawing style, drawing method and data management method of coal exploration point were designed to ensure the beautiful mapping of coal exploration data and efficient reuse of data; a method of dynamically updating the geological model of coal mining face by using the data of coal thickness detection was proposed, which enriches the dynamic updating data source of high-precision three-dimensional dynamic geological model of working face. The results of normalization application in many mines show that the management method of coal exploration data based on GIS realizes the unified management and sharing of different types of coal exploration data, realizes the rapid automatic mapping and dynamic updating of coal exploration data and improves the drawing efficiency of coal mine geologists. At the same time, the timely updating of coal exploration data provides convenient and effective data management measures for dynamic calculation of reserves and dynamic updating of high-precision 3D geological model, ensuring the efficient use of coal exploration data in many aspects.

Software bug localization is an important task in bug fixing process.The bug report-oriented localization approaches typically use software bug reports that describe the phenomenon of bugs as queries,and source code as corpus.First,correlations between the bug report and each source code unit are analyzed.Then,a bug localization data set is created by mining the software repository,aiming to construct a bug localization model to localize the source code unit(i.e.bug location) corresponding to the bug report.This paper offers a systematic survey of existing research achievements of the domestic and foreign studies of bug localization in recent years.First,the related concepts in bug report-oriented bug localization are introduced,and the main localization process is summarized,followed by discussing the existing research works that focus on the three key steps in the localization process.Then,the commonly used data sets and evaluation metrics for bug localization are summarized.Finally,future work in this research area is discussed.

Protein characterization highly depends on its operating conditions, where native or often referred as non-denaturing options will greatly facilitate the collection of more biologically meaningful information. Native mass spectrometry (MS) is such a technique that enables protein analysis under non-denaturing conditions with an affordable time and sample cost. The indispensable roles of native MS-based strategies in the deep dissection of protein conformations, non-covalent interactions, and self-assembly stoichiometry have been seen in past decade, which suggest that native MS has increasingly grown to be a ground technique for the structural biology realm. In this review, we firstly introduced the current method development for protein extraction compatible with native MS experiments, ranging from traditional methods to in situ extraction means, which is key to achieve biologically meaningful native MS results. Then, we focused on the most recent advancements in the native MS-compatible ion source and novel regimes for protein conformational interpretation. Specifically, except the most frequently used nanoelectrospray ion source for native MS, we also listed a variety of emerging ionization regimes including nano-desorption electrospray ionization, submicron emitter tip electrospray, induced nanoelectrospray ionization, step-voltage nanoelectrospray ionization. For protein structural analysis, native MS relies on both charge state distribution and conformational interrogation tool, e.g. ion mobility spectrometry. The structural information can be further enriched when coupled to collision-induced unfolding technique, which was also discussed with most recent developments in data acquisition and visualization methods. Current challenges and potential solutions facing native MS realm in terms of both sampling methods and structural resolution were tentatively discussed.

Taking chicken breast as the research object, the best production process of salt-reduced chicken pine was discussed. On the basis of the previous experiment, the response surface was analyzed by the one-factor influencing factors of the first cooking time, re-cooking time and stir-frying time, the sensory score and yellowness value of chicken pine as the response values. Stress-strain gauge testing was carried out by self-developed 3D printed mold to simulate the stress of meat floss during chewing, and correlated with the particle size screening results of palliative. The results showed that the optimal processing conditions for chicken pine processing were 40 min for initial cooking time, 24 min for re-cooking, and 20 min for stir-frying. The sensory score of salt-reduced chicken pine made under this process condition was 88.09 scores, and the yellowness value was 21.95, which was similar to the predicted value. The sodium chloride content of this test product ranged from 1.0% to 2.1%, and the sodium chloride content was reduced by more than 25% compared with commercially available products, which met the salt reduction product standards. The test of meat pine and commercially available meat pine particle size screening and stress strain test, the stress generated by this study product in the case of low strain was less than that of commercially available products, and the strain generated in low stress conditions was greater than that of commercially available products, which might be related to the quality ratio of up to 65.7% of the small particles in the screening results of the test product, the particle size of the test meat pine was smaller than commercially available products so that it was extended in the elastic deformation stage, and its compressibility was greater than that of commercially available meat floss. In summary, the quality of the products in this study was superior to that of commercially available products.

In the application of long-distance transmission pipeline, the explicit mathematical model method may not completely obtain all accurate values since the parameters along the line cannot be measured point by point. A practical method based on CNN-LSTM neural network was proposed. This method uses CNN network to find spatial features and uses LSTM to explore temporal features. The real data collected from operating pipeline are used to train and verify the deep learning model, and then use the model to predict the flow rate, with an error range from 0.3% to 0.7% of main line's flow rate. By continuously comparing the actual with the predicted values in real time, a pipeline leak can be found. In addition, an improved location algorithm based on the curve distance between relevant pressure points was proposed. The field test on actual pipeline shows that the proposed new algorithm has reliable performance and does not generate false alarms during pressure fluctuation such as the operation of pipeline equipment.

In order to the main influence factors of glutinous rice farinographical properties on freezing point temperature, 25 representative glutinous rice flours in practical applications were used as test materials, and the physical and chemical properties of the glutinous rice flours were measured. Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, the influence of the raw material characteristics of glutinous rice flour on the freezing point temperature was discussed. The results showed that the freezing point temperature of the 25 kinds of glutinous rice flour was between −1.35~−2.65 ℃. The fat content had a significant negative correlation with the freezing point temperature (P

Objective: To explore the application of deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm in upper abdominal CT imaging by analyzing the image quality of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) algorithm and DLIR. Methods: Retrospectively included 75 patients’ upper abdominal CT plain scan images, using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction algorithm ASIR (30%, 50%, 70%, 90%) and deep learning reconstruction algorithm (DL-L, DL-M, DL-H) to reconstruct images, a total of 7 groups. Measured the CT and SD values of the liver, pancreas, and erector spinae , and calculated the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR). Objective indicators were evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Two radiologists scored the image quality and noise, and compared them with Friedman M test. Results: (1) The SD value, SNR, and liver CNR of the seven reconstructed images had statistically significant differences. (2) The difference in CT value, SD value, SNR value and CNR value at each ROI between DL-L and ASIR 50%, DL-M and ASIR 70%, DL-H and ASIR 90% was small. (3) The SNR value of the three DLIR algorithms increased as the level increased, and the difference was statistically significant; and the SNR value of the DL-H algorithm was higher than ASIR 30% and ASIR 50%, and the SD value was lower than the other five reconstruction algorithms except for the ASIR 90%. (4) The difference in the subjective scores of the seven groups of images was statistically significant. The algorithm DL-H had the best image quality and the lowest noise, DL-M, ASIR 90%, DL-L, ASIR 70%, ASIR 50%, ASIR 30% image noise in sequence increased. Conclusion: The DLIR algorithm can reduce the image noise of the upper abdomen and improve the image quality. As the level increased, the image noise decreased, the quality improved, and the signal-to-noise ratio increased.

Aiming at the problems of patch-based synthesis algorithm of structured texture images,such as discontinuity of structure,distortion of boundary,seam misalignment,and low synthesis speed,a new fast non-overlapping synthesis algorithm of texture images is proposed based on the consistency criterion of double-seam lines,thereby effectively improving the synthesis quality and speed of structured texture images.Firstly,the seamline consistency criterion considering hue,saturation,brightness and edge characteristics simultaneously is established in HSI color space that is more consistent with human visual characteristic.Then,a sub-block search strategy and a new non-overlapping splicing algorithm based on the consistency criterion of double-seam line are proposed and implemented.The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the synthesis quality and speed of structured texture images in comparison with the traditional algorithms.

In order to study the internal deformation and re-crushing characteristics of crushed coal during axial loading, a three-dimensional acoustic emission positioning method specially suitable for crushed coal and rock media was proposed. The compaction acoustic emission characteristics of crushed anthracite were revealed by taking 2.5~5 mm single particle size as sample. The results show that: 1) The compaction process of crushed anthracite can be divided into three stages: initial compression, linear compaction, and plastic compaction. Acoustic emission counts and energy during loading are highly related to three deformation stages; 2) The crushed anthracite has layered compaction and re-crushing characteristics: the particle re-crushing occurs in the middle layer at first. With the increase of compression degree, the re-crushing phenomenon gradually transfers to the upper and lower layers, and finally the particles in upper and middle layers are more damaged; 3) When the strain rate reaches 0.24, the re-screening results show that the reduction of porous structure is the largest in the upper and middle layers after the final compression, while it is the smallest in the lower layer owing to the smallest degree of deformation and compaction.

In this paper, expanded graphite was prepared by chemical oxidation system with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant and concentrated sulfuric acid as intercalation agent. Expanded graphite was obtained by microwave expansion. The effects of the amount of hydrogen peroxide and concentrated sulfuric acid on the morphology and specific surface area of expanded graphite were systematically studied. It was found that the expanded graphite retained the structural characteristics of natural small flake graphite and had wormlike surface morphology, The maximum expansion volume was 291.39 ml/g and the specific surface area was 55.62 m2/g. Small flake expanded graphite was used as anode material of lithium ion battery to assemble button battery and its electrochemical performance was tested which showed good lithium removal/intercalation capacity and good cycling performance.

Based on a combined in-situ calcite U-Pb dating, molecular geochemical correlations of reservoir oil and extract from reservoir rocks, and fluid inclusion analysis, the charge and evolution history of the YJ1X ultra-deep oil reservoir of the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the southwestern part of the Tabei Uplift has been determined systematically. (1) The reservoir oil, free oil and inclusion oil have similar geochemical characteristics and are presumably derived from marine source rock deposited in similar sedimentary environment. (2) The reservoir oil, free oil and inclusion oil have similar maturities with calculated equivalent vitrinite reflectance values in the range of 0.80%–0.96%. (3) Two types (Group I and II) of oil inclusion assemblages (OIAs) have been identified in the reservoir, of which Group I represents the original gas-saturated oil entering the trap during the initial oil charge, whereas Group II represents undersaturated residual oil retained in the reservoir after minor leakage of light hydrocarbon. (4) The reservoir experienced oil charge only once during the Early Devonian around 425 Ma and has been well preserved after the minor light hydrocarbon leakage in the Middle Devonian. The study shows that there may be old oil and gas accumulations in ultra-deep strata of petroliferous basins with well-developed caprock and stable tectonic background.

In many high-power AC drives, with the increase of the switching frequency of the converter, the generated harmonic and electromagnetic interference(EMI) noise are getting higher and higher. Aiming at the serious problems of harmonics and EMI noise of three-level neutral-point-clamped(NPC)high-frequency converters, based on the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy, a random SVPWM method based on Markov chain was proposed. In this method, the random number generated by Markov chain could be applied to SVPWM strategy, so that the actual frequency change could be more randomly and evenly distributed on both sides of the theoretical switching frequency, with the output voltage harmonic noise of the actual system with also dispersed in a wide frequency band, and the EMI noise of the converter was also reduced. The simulation results show that the modulation strategy proposed in this paper has a significant improvement in the harmonic distribution compared with the traditional SVPWM strategy, and the conducted EMI noise is also reduced from 140 dB/μV to 120 dB/μV.

With the advancement of medical informatization,a large amount of unstructured text data has been accumulated in the medical field.How to mine valuable information from these medical texts is a research hotspot in the field of medical profession and natural language processing.With the development of deep learning,deep neural network is gradually applied to relation extraction task,and "recurrent＋CNN" network framework has become the mainstream model in medical entity relation extraction task.However,due to the problems of high entity density and the cross-connection of relationships between entities in medical texts,the "recurrent＋CNN" network framework cannot deeply mine the semantic features of medical texts.Based on the "recurrent＋CNN" network framework,this paper proposes a Chinese medical entity relation extraction model with multi-channel self-attention mechanism.It includes that BLSTM is used to capture the context information of text sentences,a multi-channel self-attention mechanism is used to mine the global semantic features of sentences,and CNN is used to capture the local phrase features of sentences.The effectiveness of the model is verified by experiments on Chinese medical text dataset.The precision,recall and F1 value of the model are improved compared with the mainstream models.

Traditional Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imaging is the projection of a real three-dimensional scene onto a two-dimensional domain of azimuth and slant range, which results in the loss of the high-dimensional information. With the advancement of SAR system and its processing technology, tomographic SAR systems obtain multiple data along the height direction to construct the high-dimensional synthetic aperture, and use array signal processing methods to achieve high-resolution three-dimensional images. It can reconstruct the observation scene and extract vertical structure information of the ground target, which is very important for vegetation monitoring, snow and ice detecting, and urban modeling. This paper analyzed the key steps of three-dimensional imaging, such as image registration, flat-earth phase removal, phase compensation, and the three-dimensional focusing, as well as the current research status of each step based on the observation mechanism of tomographic SAR system. This paper particularly focuses on using tomographic SAR on the application of vegetation, glacier, snow, and urban information. The most relevant experimental results in the past two decades were introduced. Further, the application potential and existing problems related to the vegetation height with canopy structure, glacier thickness with internal structure, snow thickness with stratification, and urban three-dimensional reconstruction with deformation monitoring under different platforms are discussed. Finally, the prospects of TomoSAR in the primary applications field are presented.

Using multi-source data, an extreme snowstorm event and its circulation anomaly in Hunan Province on December in 2018 were analyzed. The results show that the snowstorm was a rare extreme weather event. The depth of snow cover in Nanxian, Yiyang and the lowest temperature in Linli, Changde, all set their records. The blocking high pressure in Ural Mountains and the south branch trough in the low latitudes are abnormally strong as well. With the surface center pressure of 1 070 hPa, the Siberian cold airmass is unusually powerful. The Western Pacific subtropical high is stronger, and positioned to the north and slightly westward than in normal year. At the same time, the subtropical front is strong, and the temperature gradient from north to south is above 18 ℃. These are the background field of the large-scale circulation that caused this event. In the early stage of snow enhancement, the function of frontogenesis has an obvious indicating effect. Favorable water vapor and convergence conditions for the intensification of snowfall are provided due to the intensification of 700 hPa southwest jet, the development of wet layer to more than 400 hPa, the coupling of high and low level jet and the passage of low trough at 700 hPa. The northeast-southwest cloud belt is inlaid with meso- β-scale cloud clusters of -20~-40 ℃, the continuous passage of which through Hunan is the direct cause of the extreme blizzard. The obvious "bull's eye" characteristic has shown in radial velocity field of radar echo. Established and maintained for nearly 14 hours, the deep southwest jet over 2.4 km becomes one of the main reasons for the persistence of heavy snowfall.

The effect of rolling mode on microstructure and plastic anisotropy of the Al-Mg-Si alloy sheets was investigated by means of earing test, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The samples were subjected to three cold rolling modes: normal rolling (NR), transverse rolling (TR) and alternate rolling (AR) after hot rolling and annealing treatment. The results show that a strong cube {100}〈001〉 texture is formed after hot rolling and annealing treatment of the 6016 aluminum alloy. While the deformation textures significantly vary with the cold rolling modes. A strong β-fiber textures (copper,S and brass components) is dominant in NR and TR rolled sheets,the volume fraction of which is 38%-44%. In contrast, a cube component with a volume fraction of 12.2% is retained in the AR samples, and the deformation texture component is very weak. Therefore, the AR rolled sheet has the worst earing ratio of 7.1%. After the solution heat treatment, the earing ratio of AR sheets is significantly reduced to 2.76% due to the weak and random texture. While the earing ratio of NR and TR sheets is 6% and 8.16%, due to the same volume fraction of 9.12% strong cube textures. The recrystallized grain sizes of the NR, TR and AR rolled sheets are 23,25 μm and 22 μm, and the grain distribution of the AR alloy is the most uniform. It is shown that alternate rolling can effectively improve the microstructure uniformity and plastic anisotropy of 6016 aluminum alloy recrystallization sheet.

Objective To explore the feasibility and accuracy of cisternal intracranial pressure (ICPc) monitoring after craniotomy in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Four TBI patients underwent evacuation of hematoma were enrolled from May 2019 to July 2020. Ventriculostomy and cisternotomy were performed besides evacuation, and intracranial pressure (ICP) were monitored via the methods of extraventricular drainage (EVD) and cisternal drainage (CD) simultaneously for 7d after craniotomy. The correlation and consistency between ICPc and ventricular ICP (ICPv) were observed. Results The mean values of ICPv were (14.72±5.98), (11.10±4.49), (27.29±6.06) and (12.63±5.36) mm Hg, respectively. The mean values of ICPc were (14.32±5.44), (11.20±4.36), (25.46±5.00) and (12.46±5.21) mm Hg, respectively. The correlation coefficients were 0.977 (P=0.000), 0.961 (P=0.000), 0.892 (P=0.000) and 0.970 (P = 0.000), respectively. Using Bland⁃Altman consistency evaluation, the mean ICP difference between ICPv and ICPc was (0.21±1.36)mmHg, 95%LoA was ⁃2.440-2.870 (P=0.003). Conclusions ICPc and ICPv have good linear correlation and consistency. ICP monitoring through the method of cisternotomy and drainage can be applied to the clinical management of patients with TBI,and is likely to become an alternative method for ICPv. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.07.007

Objective To assess the feasibility, safety and short⁃term outcomes of angioplasty and stenting for patients with symptomatic non⁃acute middle cerebral artery occlusion (SNAMCAO). Methods Eight SNAMCAO patients who failed in medical treatment and underwent endovascular recanalization, were collected from January to December 2019. The success rate, perioperative complications, prognosis and stent restenosis were summarized. Results In 8 cases, 7 cases succeeded and one case failed. Four cases occurred perioperative complications, including symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (2 cases), transient ischemic attact (1 case) and stent thrombosis (1 case). Seven to 13d after operation the modifical Rankin Scale(mRS)0-2 score were seen in 6 cases, 3 in one case and 4 in one case. Four months after operation one case occurred restenosis in the stent. Conclusions For patients with SNAMCAO, if medical treatment is not effective, endovascular recanalization can be considered, but the recanalization technique is complicated and the incidence of complications is still high. Therefore, the safety and necessity of endovascular recanalization need to be strictly evaluated. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.06.008

Objective To investigate and summarize the microsurgical technique for hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area after preoperative embolization therapy, so as to improve the surgical effect. Methods A total of 17 patients with hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area after preoperative embolization therapy undergone microsurgical operations from June 2016 to June 2019 were analyzed. The suboccipital retrosigmoid aproach (n = 4), infratemporal fossa approach (n = 3), transmastoid infralabyrinthine approach (n = 3), subtemporal transpetrosal approach (n = 3), combined subtemporal and retrosigmoid approach (n = 2), and far lateral approach (n = 2) were performed according to Samii classification. Results The total resection was achieved in 10 patients, subtotal resection in 4 patients and partial resection in 3 patients. Intraoperative blood loss ranged from 100 ml to 2300 ml, with an average blood loss of 1042 ml. Postoperative clinical symptoms improved in 9 cases. The new ⁃ developed and/or worsen lower cranial nerves dysfunction were observed in 5 cases. The new ⁃ developed and/or worsen facial paralysis were seen in 6 cases, hearing loss emerged in one case and incision exudation in 2 cases. No intracranial hematoma and death cases were found. Seventeen patients were followed up from 6 months to 3.50 years varied persisted hoarseness or dysphagia were seen in 5 cases. Three cases of recurrence and no death case were observed. Conclusions Intraoperative bleeding can be effectively controlled after preoperative embolization therapy of hypervascular neoplasms in the jugular foramen area. According to the classification of tumors, the surgical approaches are selected individually under the multi ⁃ disciplinary cooperation. To remove the tumor safely to great extent can achieve a better therapeutic effect. DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2020.05.012

In order to improve the success rate of fracturing in coalbed methane wells and master the response rule between construction pressure and fracture morphology, based on the fracturing operation curve of more than 140 coalbed gas wells, this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristics of coal and rock fracturing, such as not obvious fracture pressure, high average construction pressure, and rising construction pressure with constant displacement in the pre-liquid stage. At the same time, the physical model experiment, G function analysis and net pressure fitting are demonstrated and studied. It is concluded that multi-crack initiation and extension are the main reasons for the above characteristics. The results showed that the fracture pressure was not obvious when the fracture was extended or increased after the fracture, and the average experimental pressure was high. The fitting analysis of G function and net pressure shows that there are multiple fractures in coal fracturing. Based on the above research, the adjustable multi-slug fracturing technology is proposed to prevent multi-fracture extension, and the construction results show that this technology can greatly improve the success rate of primary fracturing in coalbed gas wells.

Objective To explore the systematic training mode and assessment system for new registered nurses in intensive care unit. Methods From 2014 to 2018, three stages of training were carried out for new registered nurses in the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital. After the first two stages of training, the training system was assessed. Results A total of 132 new registered nurses participated in standardized training during their study, and the passing rate of the entrance examination was 28%. Two weeks later, the passing rate of the first stage was 95.2%, which was significantly improved (P＜0.05). Six weeks later, the pass rate of the second stage was 72.0% (P＜0.05). The qualified rate after 24 weeks was 96.2%. Conclusions The basic theoretical knowledge, clinical skills and the capacity of critical thinking of new registered nurses in ICU are relatively weak, which can be improved after systematic training. “theoretical assessment + operational assessment plus clinical reasoning evaluation” is helpful to evaluate and improve the nursing ability of new registered nurses.

Considering the latent heating effect, a new form of Q vector containing the generalized potential temperature was derived. Based on this new Q vector, the corresponding non-geostrophic Omega equation was further developed. (1) The newly-derived Q vector consists of the enstrophy stretched vector, frontogenesis vector and the gradient of latent heating, and its divergence was the only forcing term in the Omega equation. (2) With the new Q vector, a heavy rainfall event occurred in North China was studied. It is found that the divergence of the Q vector can represent the structure of the vertical motions within the precipitation area. It comprehensively reflects the secondary vertical circulations, the frontogenesis and frontolysis, the large-scale and meso-scale forcing, etc. These physical processes are all important factors to the occurrence and development of heavy rainfall, and therefore the new Q vector showed a close relationship to the heavy precipitation. (3) Using the 24 h forecasting data from the Global Forecasting System to calculate the Q vector, the results showed that the forecasting Q vector convergence has close relationship with observed 6 h precipitation. This means that a prediction could be made based on the newly-derived Q vector.

Objective To test the changes of the potassium （K+） and magnesium （Mg2+） concentrations in vitreous humor of rabbits along with postmortem interval （PMI） under different temperatures, and explore the feasibility of PMI estimation using mixed-effect model. Methods After sacrifice, rabbit carcasses were preserved at 5 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃ and 35 ℃, and 80-100 μL of vitreous humor was collected by the double-eye alternating micro-sampling method at every 12 h. The concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ in vitreous humor were measured by a biochemical-immune analyser. The mixed-effect model was used to perform analysis and fitting, and established the equations for PMI estimation. The data detected from the samples that were stoned at 10 ℃, 20 ℃ and 30 ℃ with 20, 40 and 65 h were used to validate the equations of PMI estimation. Results The concentrations of K+ and Mg2+ [f（x,y）] in vitreous humor of rabbits under different temperature increased along with PMI （x）. The relative equations of K+ and Mg2+ concentration with PMI and temperature under 5 ℃~35 ℃ were f■（x,y）=3.413 0+0.309 2 x+0.337 6 y+0.010 83 xy-0.002 47 x2 （P

To obtain high-performance energetic materials, 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole was utilized as a raw material to synthesize 3-hydrazinyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium dihydrochloride(compound 1)through diazotization and reduction reactions. A novel energetic ionic salt, 3-hydrazinyl-5-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazolium dinitrate(compound 2), was prepared by the metathesis reaction of compound 1 with silver nitrate. The structure of compound 2 was characterized using various techniques including FTIR, NMR, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Thermal decomposition of compound 2 was studied by DSC and TG. The contribution of hydrogen bonding to the intermolecular interactions in the crystal of compound 2 was calculated using Crystal Explorer software. The detonation and safety properties of compound 2 were also investigated. The results show that compound 2 belongs to monoclinic crystal system with space group P2/n and cell parameters a=6.9296Å,b=9.9082Å,c=13.3696Å,α=90.00°,β=103.51(2)°,γ=90.00°,V=892.54(11)Å3. It exhibits excellent thermal stability with a thermal decomposition temperature of 189.7°C. Furthermore, compound 2 demonstrates outstanding detonation performance and low sensitivity, with detonation velocity and pressure values of 8673m/s and 32.5GPa, respectively. The friction sensitivity and impact sensitivity are 112N and 25J, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary recrystallization annealing was operated in 3%(mass fraction)Si CGO steels. Different annealing holding time was set up in experiments. Microstructure, dislocations and texture distribution were analysed by OM, TEM and EBSD techniques. Evolution of microstructure and texture in primary recrystallization was studied. Results indicate that as the annealing holding time prolongs, recovery and recrystallization occur gradually. When the holding time increases to 300s, recrystallization is almost fully realized and grains are equiaxed. With the extension of holding time, the dislocation density decreases. Primary recrystallization texture is affected by holding time. As the holding time extends, {111} texture and {110} texture are weakened and Goss texture is strengthened. {111} texture is reduced firstly and then increases. The intensity of cube texture and rotated cube texture is stable. When holding time is short, grains are dominated by small angle grain boundaries with the existence of a large amount of subgrains. As the holding time prolongs, large angle grain boundaries increase.

For problem of big consumption of node energy existed in traditional ZigBee network tree routing algorithm, an improved ZigBee network tree routing algorithm based on energy awareness and energy balance was proposed. The algorithm considers neighbour node, searches network path of the minimum routing in a larger search range for reducing power consumption when determining next hop node of routing. Meanwhile, it selects path of lower cumulative path loss and path energy consumption to send data according to residual energy of node on the path, so as to reduce total power consumption of the network. The simulation result shows that the algorithm can avoid low energy node for data transmission, realizes energy balance of node and extends living time of node.

In view of problem that safety monitoring networking system of Shenhua Ningxia Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. cannot real-timely monitor abnormal measured points of basic units because of multiple business and large amount of data, the paper proposed a pre-warning mechanism of safety monitoring networking system. The mechanism combines with instant communication system and is fitted with pre-warning module and grade alarming module to make manager and operator real-timely get alarming and fault information in range of managed businesses and improve attention-degree for alarming and fault information, so as to realize supervision and monitoring for production environment of basic units.

Objective To observe the expressions of heat shock 27 ⁃ associated protein 1 (HSPBAP1) and echinoderm microtubule⁃associated protein⁃like 5 (EML5) in cerebrospinal fluid of drug⁃ resistant epilepsy, and to explore the value in early diagnosis of epilepsy. Methods According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 79 patients admitted in Department of Neurology, Hubei Xinhua Hospital and the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were divided into drug ⁃ resistant epilepsy group (n = 39) and non⁃epileptic control group (n = 40). Cerebrospinal fluid (every sample 4 ml) were collected by lumbar puncture specimens, and HSPBAP1 and EML5 were detected by sandwich enzyme⁃linked immunosorbent assays. SPSS 13.0 software was used for statistical analysis, and P ≤ 0.05 indicated significant differences. Results The expressions of HSPBAP1 and EML5 were 0.17 ± 0.03 and 0.13 ± 0.02 in drug⁃resistant epilepsy group, while were 0.10 ± 0.03 and 0.08 ± 0.02 in non⁃epileptic control group. There was significant difference between 2 groups (t = 3.239, P = 0.002; t = 3.294, P = 0.002, respectively). Conclusion The expressions of HSPBAP1 and EML5 were increased in drug ⁃ resistant epilepsy patients. This provides a new way for early diagnosis of drug⁃resistant epilepsy． DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2012.05.014