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Background Minimal hepatic encephalopathy has atypical clinical symptoms but mild neuropsychiatric deficits, which are easily neglected by patients and their family members as a specific type of hepatic encephalopathy. The degree centrality (DC) analysis method based on resting-state blood oxygenation level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) is a data analysis method derived from graph-theoretic approach reflecting whole-brain network connectivity, which can provide a more complete, faster and better representation of brain function. Objective To explore the effects of abnormal changes in the brain functional network connectivity properties and functional brain regions on cognitive function in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy and their neuroimaging mechanisms. Methods A total of 65 patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases in General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from October 2020 to February 2022 and 40 healthy volunteers recruited during the same period were selected as the study subjects. Gender, age, education level, number connection test A (NCT-A) score, digit symbol test (DST) score and Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score of the study subjects were collected. Finally, patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis were divided into cirrhosis group (n=30) and MHE group (n=28) according to NCT-A and DST scores, and the recruited healthy volunteers were considered as the healthy control group (n=34) . The DC values of brain regions in each group were calculate, the differences in DC values of brain image between MHE group and cirrhosis group, cirrhosis group and healthy control group, MHE group and healthy control group were compared, respectively. The correlations between the DC values of brain regions with the scores of NCT-A, DST and MoCA in MHE patients was analyzed by using person correlation analysis, the distribution of brain regions with DC values correlated with the scores of above scales and the corresponding scatter plots were drawn. Results The NCT-A score in the healthy control and cirrhotic group was lower than MHE group, DST score and MoCA score in the healthy control and cirrhotic group were higher than MHE group (P18, P18, P18, P

According to the reaming requirement for large diameter directional drilling in hard rock of coal mine roof, the drilling technology of torsional impact rotary reaming is put forward. Based on the simulation results of FLUENT finite element software, the research of small displacement quantification transformation of torsion impactor is carried out, and the working performance of torsion impactor is tested. The relationship of throttle pressure drop, impact torque, throttle nozzle diameter and work displacement is verified. It is proved that the small displacement quantification transformation of torsion impactor can be realized by reducing the throttle nozzle diameter. The combination of rotary reaming tools with torsional impact is designed. The influence factors and calculation methods of reaming parameters such as drilling pressure, pump volume and rotational speed are discussed, and the matching of reaming parameters is improved. On this basis, the field test of rotary reaming drilling with torsional impact is carried out. The test results show that the mechanical drilling efficiency of primary reaming of ?准200 mm drilling hole is up to 10 m/h, which provides the technical basis for efficient reaming of large diameter directional drilling of hard rock in coal mine roof.

The common types and treatment methods of drilling accidents in directional drilling construction are described, and the principle, auxiliary salvage drilling tools, process methods and key points of reverse wire salvage technology are emphatically analyzed. The field practice shows that when the strong rotary pull-up method and casing milling salvage technology can not deal with directional drilling accidents, the reverse wire salvage technology can effectively solve the problem of drilling tools are stuck, and the maximum salvage depth is 1 152 m.

As the "heart" of GSM-R networks across China's railway network, STP (Signaling Transfer Point) provides the function of signaling transfer from local MSC to HLR, from local SGSN to HLR, from local MSC to SCP, from SCP to HLR, and during inter-local calls between MSCs. Based on the networking architecture of GSM-R networks and the application situation of GSM-R networks for communication services in railway train operation, this paper conducts detailed research and analysis on the signaling routing and signaling message switching across China's railway network, and judges the fault point and impact scope of the potential hidden equipment faults, to take eff ective and timely emergency disposal measures. Thus, it provides reference for day-to-day maintenance, fault analysis and emergency disposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the molecular mechanism and transcriptomics of the response of graphene to the roots of Castanopsis hystrix Miq plant. Seedlings were cultivated with 4 groups of graphene solution concentrations of 0, 25, 33 and 50 mg/L, 0 refers to distilled water culture, the root development, gene expression, enrichment pathway and range of differentially expressed genes were analyzed. Compared with 0 group, 25 mg/L graphene solution had the best promoting effect on root development of Castanopsis hystrix seedlings(t=2.86 to 7.80, P<0.05). Transcriptomic data showed that the expression levels of 12 845 genes were changed after 25 mg/L graphene solution was applied to Castanopsis hystrix roots, among which 10 899 genes were up-regulated and 1 946 genes were inhibited. According to the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, the up-regulated genes were mainly enriched in 126 KEGG pathways, and down-regulated genes were enriched in 99 KEGG pathways. In addition, 110 transcription factor genes were differentially expressed and could be classified into 33 different families. Among them, 7 transcription factor family genes, including ERF, WRKY, MYB, NAC, bHLH, TCP and Trihelix were related to root development of Castanopsis hystrix. Analyses of differentially expressed genes related to plant hormone signal transduction pathways showed changes in the expression levels of 7 hormone-related genes, including auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, ethylene, salicylic acid, brassinosteroid and strigolactone, were closely related to the root growth of Castanopsis hystrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waste activated sludge with low concentration and low organic matter was fermented under different conditions including natural, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), 2KHSO5 ⋅ KHSO4 ⋅ K2SO4(PMS), K2SO4, nZVI+PMS and nZVI+K2SO4. The soluble protein, polysaccharide, short volatile fatty acids (SCFAs) and biological enzyme were analyzed during the fermentation process, and the effects of nZVI on hydrolytic acidification performance of the excess sludge were studied. The results showed that hydrolytic acidification performance of the nZVI+PMS fermentation system was optimal, and the mass concentration of protein, polysaccharide and SCFAs was 255.07 mg/L, 138.31 mg/L and 356.8 mg/L respectively. The maximal activity of protease and a-glucosidase appeared in the nZVI+PMS fermentation system, however the maximal activity of alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase appeared in the nZVI fermentation system. In addition, the bioenzyme activity of the K2SO4 fermentation system was similar to that of natural fermentation system. These results indicated that nZVI could improve effectively the fermentation performance of the waste activated sludge with low concentration and low organic matter under PMS condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequencing batch bioreactor (SBR) was used to treat pentachlorophenol (PCP) wastewater with the co-metabolic carbon source of methanol, and the influent PCP was controlled as 10 mg/L. In addition, another SBR only supplied methanol was set as control. The effects of PCP on sludge acute toxicity and microbial community were studied by the luminescent bacterium acute toxicity bioassy and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis technique, and the function of dominant microbes on sludge acute toxicity was deeply analyzed. Results showed that during the period of 1-19 days, the sludge activity was significantly inhibited after injecting into 10 mg/L PCP in influent, the sludge flocs were disintegrated and the PCP was difficult to degrade. The effluent chemical oxygen demands (COD) and sludge acute toxicity under PCP stress were significantly higher than the control. The regeneration of sludge activity was slow due to the PCP contamination. No PCP was added during 20-32 days and 2 mg/L PCP was added during 33-75 days, the removal of influent COD and PCP was still poor. The adsorbed PCP in sludge causing the increase of sludge acute toxicity was only one of the reasons. The metabolic intermediates of PCP and secretive secondary metabolites by the enriched dominant microbes should not be ignored in the process of PCP degradation, which played an important role in causing the sludge acute toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the surface strength of the agricultural machinery key components, the in-situ synthesis of Ti(C,N)-WC composite coating with various WC contents was prepared on Q235B steel specimen surface by reactive plasma cladding technology. Firstly, raw materials were the titanium powder, graphite powder, TiN powder, WC powder and Ni60A powder, which were mixed according to the mass fraction ratio of 28:7:15:0:50, 28:7:15:6:44, 28:7:15:12:38, 28:7:15:15:35, 28:7:15:18:32. The five components of the powder were respectively placed in a planetary-type ball mill DQM, milled for 6 hours, were made a mixed powder paste with 504 of the glue which was the adhesive, and then were uniformly coated on the surface of pretreated Q235B specimen. Secondly, the five samples were placed in the vacuum drying oven and were dried under 80°C. By the plasma cladding technology that DML-300 plasma welding machine provided the heat source and the plasma arc single channel was used to scan to clad, the pre-coated raw material components occurred melting and chemical reaction and synthesized Ti(C,N) metal ceramic composite coating with different WC contents in situ. The morphology, microstructure, phase, wear and corrosion resistance of the Ti(C,N)-WC composite coating were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), micro hardness tester, abrasion testing machine and electrochemical workstation. The results indicated that the granular new phase Ti(C,N) were synthesized in-situ on Q235B steel during the plasma cladding process and the composite coatings were made, which were composed of hard phase, ring phase and binder phase, and had a good metallurgical combination with Q235B steel substrate. Appropriate WC content can promote the formation of ring phase, which effectively improved the wettability of the metal ceramic hard phase and binder phase, prevented the hard phase particles from moving closer to each other, inhibited the hard phase grain growth, and thus it played a role in the grain refinement and dispersion strengthening which improved the strength of the coating. When the WC content was 12%, the typical development of core-ring structure became perfect, and uniformly dispersed and embedded in the binder phase, and the grain was finest. When the WC content exceeded 15% and reached18%, the ring phase changed thick or incomplete, grain coarsening, the core-ring structure reduced and had the tendency of disappearing, composite coating appeared holes and cracks. The micro hardness, wear and corrosion resistance properties of the coating strengthened with the increasing of the added amount of WC, when WC content was 12%, the maximum and average hardness of coatings was HV0.52030 and HV0.51750 which was about 6 times the hardness of the substrate, the friction coefficient of coating was about 2/5 of the substrate, the wear loss of coating was about 1/16 of Q235B steel, the wear resistance of the composite coating was excellent. In 5% H2SO4 solution, the corrosion rate of the coating with WC content of 12% was 1/9 of Q235B, in 3.5% NaCl solution, the corrosion rate of coating with WC content of 12% was 1/4 of Q235B, so the resistant corrosion property of composite coating with WC content of 12% was optimal in acidic and sodium chloride environment. Ti (C,N)-WC composite coatings have better wear and corrosion resistance behavior than the substrate. The trial provides a experimental and theoretical reference for strengthening agricultural machinery materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural touching-cutter wears-out easily, fails frequently, has high costs and the service life is low. In order to solve these problems, a process of cladding ceramic coating on the metal surface is researched and developed against the agricultural mechanization situation. Using the DML-300 plasma welding machine, Ni60A based composite coating reinforced by in-situ synthesized Ti(C,N)-WC particulates was prepared on the surface of Q235B steel substrate by reactive plasma cladding technology. First, the titanium powder, graphite powder, TiN powder, WC powder and Ni60 powder was mixed 6 hours in the DQM planetary mill, the mass ratio was 28:7:15:12.5:37.5. The mixing powder was modulated into paste with the 504 glue as the adhesive. Then the mixing powder was put on the substrate of Q235B and the thickness was (2±0.5)mm, reserving 2-3 mm arc end. Finally, the specimen was placed in the electrothermal blowing dry box, heating up to 80°C. The plasma arc single channel was used to scan to clad, avoiding the thermal impact between each channel, during which the heat source was provided by the DML-300 plasma welding machine to melt and react between the depositing material components to synthesize composite ceramic coating in-situ. The plasma cladding technology parameters are: The scanning width of single channel is 4-5 mm; Working current is 200 A; Working voltage is 20 V; Argon is used as the shielding gas and the ion gas,the flow of them are 6-8 L/min, 0.6 L/min; Working distance is 4mm, Scanning speed is 150 mm/min. Composition, microstructure, organization and performance are analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy disperse spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), microhardness tester and metallurgical microscope. The results show that Ti powder, graphite powder, TiN powder of the pre-coated layer was synthesized in-situ granular new phase Ti(C,N) during the plasma cladding process. The new phase Ti(C,N) granules are uniformly dispersed in the cladding coating, and mainly form the core- ring structure composed of the hard phase, coated phase, and adhesive phase. Ti(C,N) and WC disperse uniformly in the Fe-Ni adhesive phase, Ti(C,N)-WC/Ni60A composite coating metallurgically combined with the substrate is prepared. Polygonal flake WC distributes in the cladding coating surface and the core-ring structure disperses among the adhesive phase of the subsurface. The surface hardness is bigger than the subsurface. The average hardness of the coating is HV0.51750, up to HV0.52040, and about 10 times of the microhardness of Q235B steel substrate. The strengthening mechanism of the cladding coating is both fine-grain strengthening and dispersion strengthening. The wear quantity of the cladding coating is about 1/6 of the new cutter material 65Mn steel. The wear mechanism of the cladding coating is mainly abrasive wear. There were not obvious existing furrows and the signs of wear and tear on the coating have a lower friction coefficient and an excellent dry sliding wear resistance. The plasma cladding Ti (C,N)-WC/Ni60A metal composite coating is not only suitable for operation under normal pressure (atmospheric pressure) with the excellent characteristics of the simple process, easy operation, low manufacturing costs and excellent performance of cladding layer, but also applies to wear-resistant strengthening treatment, repair and remanufacturing of agricultural touching-cutter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the structural changes of urinary center and the expression of Bcl-2 after conus medullaris injury in rats brain so as to explore the possible influence factors of degeneration in brain., Methods: Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =30) and control group ( n =6). In the experimental group, the conus medullaris injury model was established by cutting off the spinal nerve below L 4 , and no treatment was done in the control group. The modeling operations in the experimental group were successful, and 2 rats died at 3 months and 5 months after modeling operation respectively, which may be caused by renal failure or urinary tract infection. In the experimental group, 6, 6, 6, 5, and 5 rats were killed at 1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6 months after operation respectively, and 1 rat was killed at each time point in the control group. The dorsolateral tissue of the pontine tegmentum was harvested to perform HE staining and Bcl-2 immunohistochemical SP staining., Results: HE staining showed that there was no obvious difference between the experimental group and the control group at 1 day after operation, the neurons were densely packed, arranged neatly, and the nucleoli were clear; at 1 week, the space between the neurons in the experimental group were slightly widened; at 1 month, nucleus retraction in some neurons happened in the experimental group; at 3 and 6 months, the nuclei in the experimental group were more and more condensed, and even some cells disappeared. Bcl-2 immunohistochemical SP staining showed that the expression of Bcl-2 in the control group was weakly positive. The positive expression of Bcl-2 was found at 1 day after operation in the experimental group; the positive expression of Bcl-2 at 7 days after operation was significantly higher than that in the control group, and reached the peak; the positive expression of Bcl-2 decreased gradually at 1, 3, and 6 months after modeling operation, but it was still higher than that of the control group., Conclusion: The urinary center appears structure degeneration and necrocytosis after conus medullaris injury in rats brain. The elevated expression of Bcl-2 may be associated with brain tissue repair and function remodeling.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effects on the lower limb function after S nerve root transection as dynamic source., Methods: Between January 2007 and December 2011, 47 patients with atonic bladder dysfunction underwent S1 nerve root transposition to reconstrut the bladder function. There were 43 males and 4 females, with an average age of 40.7 years (range, 22-66 years). The locations were L1 in 33 cases, L2 in 5 cases, L3 in 2 cases, T12, L, in 3 cases, L1, L2 in 1 case, L1, L3in 1 case, L1, L4 in 1 case, and L2, L3 in 1 case. The anastomosis of the S2 or S3 nerve root to S1 nerve root was performed from 4 to 24 months (mean, 8 months) after spinal cord injury. The strength of ande plantar flexion was grade 4 in 5 cases and grade 5 in 42 cases before operation., Results: The strength of ande plantar flexion had no obvious decrease (grade 4 or 5) in 31 cases, reduced 0.5 grade in 16 cases at 2 days after operation. All the patients were followed up 3-8 years (mean, 5.1 years). At 2 weeks after operation, the nerve electrophysiological examination showed neurogenic damage at operated side in most patients, including reduced amplitude tibial nerve in 19 cases, for common peroneal nerve in 13 cases, and for tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve in 9 cases. Except the velocity of common peroneal nerve (t = -1.881, P = 0.093), the other electric physiological indexes showed significant differences between at pre- and post-operation (P < 0.05). The muscle strength basically recovered to preoperative level (grade 4 or 5) during follow-up, and there was no impairment of lower limb function., Conclusion: S1 transection has no significant effects on lower limb function, so S1 nerve can be used as dynamic nerve for nerve function reconstruction.

Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are the most common histological types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several molecular alterations have been defined as "driver oncogenes" responsible for both the initiation and maintenance of the malignancy. With next-generation sequencing (NGS) which having multiple and high-throughput genotyping is wildly used and promoted, make the detection of patients gene composition from a tiny tumor biopsy specimens become possible, initiate the clinical studies based on the genetic characteristics, and promote the progress of molecular typing in NSCLC. So far, about 60% of lung adenocarcinoma has been found harbouring driver oncogenes, the rate of lung squamous cell carcinoma driven genes detection has gradually improved, in which epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) and so on plays important roles. The currently effective targeted therapies is mainly used against EGFR, ALK, etc. In this review, we will report the mainly advances on some latest driver mutations of NSCLC.