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Identification of odor compounds in fresh sea buckthorn juice (FSBJ) and pulp (SBP) was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry (GC-MS-O). A total of 39 and 36 odor compounds were identified in FSBJ and SBP, respectively. Further findings revealed that ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, and 3-methylbutyl 3-methylbutanoate had high flavor dilution (FD) factors and were identified as the key odor compounds in FSBJ. In addition, the contents of ester compounds contributing to the fruity odor were significantly reduced in SBP after pasteurization. Sensory evaluation and electronic tongue analysis revealed that the sweetness and overall taste of SBP were superior to those of FSBJ. The contents of vitamin C and total flavonoids were significantly lower in SBP than in FSBJ, indicating that pasteurization reduces the nutritional quality of FSBJ. The results of the study can provide theoretical references for the flavor and nutritional quality optimization of sea buckthorn products.

The nuclear criticality safety issue in spent fuel reprocessing facilities is closely related to the main process and is almost equally important. It is closely related to the design and operation of reprocessing facilities. The requirement of nuclear criticality safety greatly restricts the operational capacity of the spent fuel reprocessing process, thereby affecting the economic efficiency of reprocessing. In the post-processing process, both multiphase uranium-plutonium mixed systems and multi body interaction systems are involved. The system characteristics are complex, and experimental simulation is difficult, which greatly restricts the further improvement of the production and operation capabilities of the pilot plant. However, due to the criticality safety challenges caused by reactivity changes such as the non-uniformity, dynamic complexity, and instability of the solution in the reactor under boiling nitric acid during the dissolution process, it has become a key research topic in various countries. According to the criticality safety problem of nuclear fuel dissolution process, the criticality effect of nitric acid concentration was studied. The criticality experiment data of nuclear fuel dissolution process were obtained by keeping the concentration of nitric acid in the same fuel concentration. Four experiments were conducted with different concentrations of nitric acid. During the experiment, the subcritical extrapolation method, reactivity interpolation method, and stable power method were used to complete the criticality experiment. The experimental results show that with the increase of nitric acid concentration, the relative deviation of the criticality experiment data is 0.068%, and the relative deviation between the criticality experiment results and the theoretical calculated values is 0.39%. The research results show that the reactivity of the system gradually increases as the concentration of nitric acid decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the reactivity changes caused by changes in the criticality safety of the spent fuel dissolution process, and high attention is needed. According to the agreement between the experiment and the theoretical calculation, it is appropriate to use the Monte Carlo code MONK to calculate and analyze the acidity effect of the solid-liquid two-phase solution system, which can be used as a nuclear criticality safety control engineering design process for the solid-liquid two-phase nuclear fuel dissolution system. This series of experiment data can be used for calculation, verification, and safety evaluation of critical analysis under solid-liquid coexistence conditions of nuclear fuel. This paper results provide data support for improving the criticality safety control level of critical post-processing equipment.

Micro-pore structure affects the fluid storage and seepage in coal seams.In this paper, six samples from the Jurassic Yan'an Formation coal seam in the Shenmu area of the Ordos Basin were taken as the object of study.The pore distribution characteristics of coal seams were jointly characterized by NMR, CO2 adsorption and N2 adsorption at multiple scales, and the connectivity and homogeneity of microscopic pores were investigated by combining multi-scale joint characiterization with CT scanning.Results show that the micro-pores of coal are the main contributors to the specific surface area and pore volume, followed by meso-pores.There is a good uniformity in the pore size distribution of the micro-pores and meso-pores by combing NMR and adsorption, while considerable differences are found in the macro-pores.Displacement NMR and CT excel in reflecting the degree of connectivity, both of which are consistent in the characterization of connectivity.Parameters such as coordination number and seepage pore ratio can effectively reflect the degree of connectivity of the sample, whose patterns of connectivity is M6>M2>M12>M15>M10>M4.The saturation of bound water shows a satisfactory positive correlation with pore-throat ratio of coal samples.It can be seen that the pore structure has a great influence on the degree of fluid migration, which is the basis for studying and evaluating gas occurrence and seepage.

The critical experimental device with spent fuel can be used to carry out critical experimental research on spent fuel storage. Considering its high radioactivity，the best way to carry out the experiment is to take the method of extrapolating water level to criticality. At present, the critical experimental device with spent fuel has not been built yet, thus the simulation experiment of water level extrapolation is carried out in a critical experimental device with similar core structure and physical characteristics, which is a uranium rod grid device with light water as moderator. In this experiment, the normal extrapolation curve cannot be obtained because of the shielding effect of water deepens with the rise of water level. In this paper, the extrapolation process was simulated by Monte Carlo program, and the characteristics of neutron count rate changing with water level were studied when the neutron source and detector were arranged in different relative positions, thus the optimal arrangement scheme of detector and neutron source was given. In addition, an extrapolation method with water level worth as extrapolation parameter was proposed, which eliminates the influence of uneven water level coefficient when extrapolating to criticality with water level, and makes the extrapolation result more accurate.

This work aims at improving the medium- and low-temperature strength of Al2O3-C unfired slide plate materials. Sucrose, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, ethyl orthosilicate and oxalic acid aqueous solution with the mass ratio of 1:0. 15:2. 7:0 0.03 were added to ethanol aqueous solution in turn, and dried at 110 °C for 18 h, obtaining SiC polymer precursor. Then, tabular corundum, α-Al2O3 micropowder and flake graphite were used as the main raw materials, added with the SiC polymer precursor and Zn powder, pressed at 150 MPa into green bodies of 150 mm x25 mm x25 mm, cured at 180 °C for 24 h, and then heat treated at 600, 800, 1 000, 1 200 and 1 400 °C for 3 h under carbon embedded conditions. The effects of the SiC polymer precursor and Zn powder on the properties of Al2O3-C materials were studied. The results show that the Al2O3-C material has the optimal comprehensive performance when adding 4.5% SiC polymer precursor and 1.5% Zn powder; at low temperatures, Zn powder melts and forms metal bonding phases in the material system; at medium temperatures, the pyrolysis reaction of the SiC polymer precursor and the catalysis of Zn powder after evaporation make the system form SiC fiber bonding phases. They work together to give Al2O3-C unfired slide plate material high medium- and low-temperature strength, which overcomes the failure problem caused by the low strength in application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relative neutron flux density distribution is one of the essential physical parameters of the reactor. Measuring the relative neutron flux density distribution of the annular fuel zero-power reactor core has guiding significance for understanding the physical characteristics of the annular fuel core reactor and conducting safety analysis. In this paper, the γ activity of the gold foil at different positions on the outer surface of the fuel cell after irradiation was measured by foil activation method under polygonal loading of annular fuel core. The axial and radial relative neutron flux density distributions of fuel cell at different positions were obtained, and the measured values were compared with the values calculated by Monte Carlo theory. The results show that the maximum relative deviation between experimental measurement and theoretical calculation is within 12%. The measurement results of relative neutron flux density distribution are in line with the measure design expectations. The existing Monte Carlo analysis methods can better analyze the axial flux density distribution of the components in the reactor. This study provides essential data support for the engineering application of annular fuel.

The application research progress of biomarker detection methods based on genetic material ( RNA and DNA), immunology ( antigen/antibody) and combined with microchip technology was reviewed. It was pointed out that the detection method based on genetic material acted directly on the target substance, and had high accuracy and good sensitivity, but it had many detection steps and high requirements for the detection environment; The detection method based on immunology was simple to operate, had high portabihity, and could realize instant detection. However, the accuracy was slightly lower. It was suitable for rapid and large-scale virus screening; Combining with microchip technology made the detection method more diverse. It could realize the detection of target substances in a short time, and the accuracy and degree of automation have been improved. This method showed great development potential in virus screening and disease diagnosis. In the future, the detection technology of biomarkers could be further studied in terms of optimizing the catalyst of the reaction, increasing the degree of purification of nucleic acid extracts, improving the automation of detection equipment, building multiple detection systems, realizing the miniaturization of detection equipment and visualization of detection information, etc. to improve detection accuracy and equipment portability so as to realize the continuous development of this technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The geometric bone model of patients is an important basis for individualized biomechanical modeling and analysis, formulation of surgical planning, design of surgical guide plate, and customization of artificial joint. In this study, a rapid three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction method based on statistical shape model was proposed for femur. Combined with the patient plain X-ray film data, rapid 3D modeling of individualized patient femur geometry was realized. The average error of 3D reconstruction was 1.597-1.842 mm, and the root mean square error was 1.453-2.341 mm. The average errors of femoral head diameter, cervical shaft angle, offset distance and anteversion angle of the reconstructed model were 0.597 mm, 1.163°, 1.389 mm and 1.354°, respectively. Compared with traditional modeling methods, the new method could achieve rapid 3D reconstruction of femur more accurately in a shorter time. This paper provides a new technology for rapid 3D modeling of bone geometry, which is helpful to promote rapid biomechanical analysis for patients, and provides a new idea for the selection of orthopedic implants and the rapid research and development of customized implants.

Posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses have been widely used in orthopedic clinical treatment of knee osteoarthritis, but the patients and surgeons are still troubled by the complications, for example severe wear and fracture of the post, as well as prosthetic loosening. Understanding the in vivo biomechanics of knee prostheses will aid in the decrease of postoperative prosthetic revision and patient dissatisfaction. Therefore, six different designs of posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were used to establish the musculoskeletal multibody dynamics models of total knee arthroplasty respectively, and the biomechanical differences of six posterior-stabilized total knee prostheses were investigated under three simulated physiological activities: walking, right turn and squatting. The results showed that the post contact forces of PFC Sigma and Scorpio NGR prostheses were larger during walking, turning right, and squatting, which may increase the risk of the fracture and wear as well as the early loosening. The post design of Gemini SL prosthesis was more conductive to the knee internal-external rotation and avoided the edge contact and wear. The lower conformity design in sagittal plane and the later post-cam engagement resulted in the larger anterior-posterior translation. This study provides a theoretical support for guiding surgeon selection, improving posterior-stabilized prosthetic design and reducing the prosthetic failure.

This paper is aimed to observe the difference of facial color of people with different health status by spectral photometric color measuring technique according to the theory of facial color diagnosis in Internal Classic. We gathered the facial color information about the health status of persons in healthy group (183), sub-healthy group (287) and disease group (370) respectively. The information included L, a, b, C values and reflection of different wavelengths in 400-700nm with CM-2600D spectral photometric color measuring instrument on 8 points. The results indicated that overall complexion color values of the people in the three groups were significantly different. The persons in the disease group looked deep dark in features. The people in the sub-healthy group looked pale in features. The loci L, a, b, C values were with varying degrees of significant differences (P < 0.05) at 6 points among the groups, and the central position of the face in all the groups was the position with most significant differences. Comparing the facial color information at the same point of the people in the three groups, we obtained each group's diagnostic special point. There existed diagnostic values in distinguishing disease status and various status of health in some degree by spectral photometric color measuring technique. The present method provides a prosperous quantitative basis for Chinese medical inspection of the complexion diagnosis.

This paper presents a medical image acquisition and analysis method-TRM (Topology Resolve-Map) Model-under natural light condition indoors. Firstly, in accordance to medical image color characteristics, a colorful and grayscale color control patch was made for use as supervised color. "Topology Resolve-Map-Restoration" was carried on in LAB color space of the one-dimensional L* space and the two-dimensional a* b* space. Then, L* value was regulated by subsection regulation and a* b* value was regulated by triangulation topological cutting--close in on center of gravity method. After correction of the 198 color blocks in 22 pictures, the results showed that, by comparison with the standard value, the deltaL*, deltaC* and deltaE decreased significantly (P < 0.01) after correction by TRM. After correction, the difference in image's color is reduced, the color saturation is improved and the value is closer to true value. TRM model can significantly reduce the color difference of the medical image under natural light condition; it has a good effect on color correction.

Based on summarizing the physical features to describe the sphygmus information in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this paper surveys the methodologies of sphygmus measuring, such as single-probe measurement and multi-probe measurement based on pressure sensors, as well as measurement methods based on non-pressure sensors. It is concluded that to achieve the comprehensiveness on the sphygmus information measurement and analysis, researchers need to do further studies of the underlying mechanism and the information properties of the sphygmus. In addition, the sphygmus system should be modeled physically and mathematically.

Objective: To explore the correlation between sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) and otitis media with effusion (OME)., Method: The data of 38 cases with OME who had no recovery of bone conduction hearing threshold were reviewed. The bone conduction hearing thresholds at different frequencies in both healthy and suffering ears were measured and their relationship with age, duration, character and amount of effusion were also discussed., Result: At different frequencies, the bone conduction hearing thresholds of the suffering ear were higher than those of the healthy ear (P < 0.05). The older of the age and the longer of the duration, the more possibility of SHL occurrence. Its occurrence was more likely to appear in patients with mucous effusion than in patients with serous effusion, however, it had no relationship with the amount of the effusion., Conclusion: OME may lead to SHL, and the etiology and mechanism is complicated and unclear. The patients with older age, longer duration and mucous effusion are more susceptible to SHL, and should be early diagnosed and managed.

Objective: To analyze the biodistribution of (186)Re-lipiodol (RL) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) after hepatic arterial injection in attempt to assess the potential of RL as a radiopharmaceutical for the treatment of PLC., Methods: RL was synthesized from (186)Rhenium and Lipiodol by a series of physical and chemical procedures. Doses of RL ranged from 1 110 MBq to 2 220 MBq per patient depending on the volume of tumor. Quantitative gamma camera imaging (ECT) and gamma counting of serum and urine were used to obtain data for dosimetry estimation. Serum tumor marker (AFP) level and shrinkage of tumor were used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of RL., Results: In the hepatic tumor, RL was selectively retained and radioactivity was very high throughout this study. The ratio of tumor concentration to the normal liver tissue concentration (T/NT ratio) was 10 - 14 at 48 hours after injection of RL. The main side effects of this therapy were transient fever and anorexia. No unacceptable toxicity was observed. In 100% of the patients, the therapy resulted in a significant decrease of AFP level and reduction of tumor volume., Conclusion: The biodistribution and imaging results demonstrated RL localized selectively in tumor, and that RL may be a potential internal radiopharmaceutical agent for the treatment of primary liver cancer.