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The structure of silica was studied by diffuse reflectance infrared spectrum, and the two-dimensional diffuse reflectance infrared spectrum was further studied with Si-O-Si asymmetric stretching vibration (v asSi-O-Si) and Si-O-Si symmetric stretching vibration (v sSi-O-si) of silica as objects. The infrared absorption peaks of silica are V asSi-O-Si-1-2D (including Vas Si-O-Si-l-A-2D/ 1175 cm-1, and V asSi-O-Si-l·B-2D/1171 cm-1), V asSi-O-Si-2-2D (including V asSi-O-Si-2-A-2D/1092 cm-1, V asSi-O-Si-2-B-2D/1088 cm-1 and V asSi-O-Si-2-C-2D/ 1086 cm-1), V s Si-O-Si-1-2D (including Vs si-O-Si-l-A-2D/ 812 cm-1, Vssi-O-Si-l-B-2D/806 cm-1, Vssi-O-Si-l-C-2D/802 cm-1, Vssi-O-Si-l·D-2D/ 796 cm-1 and V s Si-O-Si-l-E-2D/ 792 cm-1), V s Si-O-Si-2-2D (including V s Si-O-Si-2-A·2D/ 788 cm-1, V s Si-O-Si-2-B-2D/ 784 cm-1, V s Si-O-Si-2-C-2D/ 778 cm-1, V s Si-O-Si-2-D-2D/774 cm-1), V s Si-O-Si-3-2D (including V s Si-O-Si-3-A-2D/700 cm-1, V s Si-O-Si-3-B-2D/ 696 cm-1, V s Si-O·-Si·-3-C-2D/692 cm-1 and V s Si-O-Si-3-D-2D/ 682 cm-1), V s Si-O-Si-4-2D/ 518 cm-1 and V s Si-O-Si-S-2D (including v s Si-O-Si-S-A-2D/ 475 cm-1 and v sSi-O-Si-s-B-2D 465 cm-1). Under the time disturbance factor, the order of change speed of each absorption peak is 1175 cm-1 > 1171 cm-1 1086 cm-1 > 1088 cm-1> 1092 cm-1, 802 cm-1 > 812 cm-1 > 792 cm-1 > 806 cm-1 >796 cm-1,774 cm-1 >788 cm-1 > 784 cm-1 > 778 cm-1, 682 cm-1 > 696 cm-1 >700 cm-1 >692 cm-1,465 cm-1 > 475 cm-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrusion detection system (IDS) is an important instrument in the domain of information security. In the information security course, "intrusion detection" is very important part with its contents having many concepts and the principle being abstract. In order to consolidate student's theoretic knowledge and improve their practical abilities and innovation consciousness, the experimental teaching of IDS is explored. On the basis of analysis of the framework and structure of Snort, the experiment scheme of network IDS is designed, which is base on Snort and fits for the standard of common intrusion detection theory. By analyzing and presenting the framework and structure of Snort, the experiment scheme of network IDS is designed based on Snort, and fits for the standard of common intrusion detection theory. The experimental environment of IDS is built in the laboratory network, the key steps of deploying the system are detailed, and test results of intrusion detection experiments are analyzed. The practical research finds that the student can be inspired to study with interest and enthusiasm, widen the range of knowledge, improve synthetic ability and trained innovation consciousness through the research type experiment of digital filter design. The practical research finds that IDS experiment teaching is helpful to inspiring students ' learning motivation and enthusiasm, deepening their understanding of abstract knowledge, widening their range of knowledge and improving the teaching quality of information security course. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) is mainly based on clinical manifestations, screening, and related biochemistry tests. In recent years, the development of blood biomarkers and the improvement in ultrasound examination have made it possible for BA to be diagnosed at a younger age. In particular, matrix metalloproteinase-7 shows high sensitivity and specificity and has a higher diagnostic efficiency than existing biochemical parameters, thereby holding a promise for clinical application. Sound touch elastography can increase the diagnostic efficiency for BA in terms of diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Surgery is still the only method for the treatment of BA at present, with the preferred surgical treatment regimen of Kasai portoenterostomy combined with pharmacotherapies for alleviating infection and inflammation, and the patients who fail Kasai portoenterostomy or have liver dysfunction may require liver transplantation to save their lives. Therefore, the current research on BA should focus on the biomarkers for early diagnosis, specifically targeted drugs, and drugs for preventing progressive liver fibrosis. This article reviews the current diagnosis and treatment methods for BA and discusses the potential research directions.

In this study, evidence mapping was employed to sort out and summarise the evidence from clinical studies of Chinese patent medicines for hypertension and to understand the evidence distribution in related studies. Chinese patent medicines for hypertension were searched from Medicine Catalogue for National Basic Medical Insurance, Employment Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insu-rance(2021) and Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020). Relevant articles(published from January 1, 2016 to February 14, 2022) were retrieved from Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed. Then, the evidence distribution was analysed based on description, tables, and bubble charts. A total of 31 Chinese patent medicines were identified and 20 were finally included, involving 111 articles. The basic information of the 20 Chinese patent medicines, the number of related articles, the hypertension staging and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndrome types of the subjects, sample size, interventions, and outcome indicators were compared. The results showed Chinese patent medicines with the function of pacifying liver and eliminating wind were frequently studied, and most of them were single-center, small-sample, short-period randomized controlled trials. They failed to highlight the key and advantages of TCM. A wide variety of outcome indicators were involved, and in addition to blood pressure, surrogate outcome indicators and composite outcome indicators were emphasized. However, health economic indicators, quality of life, and damage to target organs such as blood vessels and heart, were rarely used.

The surface sediments were collected from 25 sampling points in the Qingpu District of the Yangtze River Delta integration demonstration area, and the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon isotope ( δ 13 C), and nitrogen isotope ( δ 15 N) content in the samples were analyzed. The distribution characteristics and potential sources of organic matter in the surface sediments were discussed in detail, and the organic pollution index was also evaluated. The results showed that the ω (TOC) in the surface sediments of 31 sampling points in Qingpu District was 0.21%-3.55%, with an average value of 1.18%; ω (TN) ranged from 0.02% to 0.23%, with an average value of 0.09%. The δ 13 C ranged from -28.04‰ to -10.80 ‰, with an average of -22.28‰, and the δ 15 N ranged from 2.28‰ to 11.19‰, with an average of 5.76‰. The TOC content was significantly correlated with the TN content. Source analysis showed that the organic matter in the surface sediments of the study area was mainly affected by soil organic matter, sewage organic matter, and terrestrial plants. The calculation results of the contribution rate based on IsoSource software showed that the relative contribution rate of soil organic matter was relatively high (0.3%-96.8%), and domestic sewage had a certain contribution to the organic matter source of most sampling points. In addition, the selected end-member substances had certain differences in the contribution of organic matter sources in samples of different land use types. The evaluation index of organic pollution in the surface sediments of the study area ranged from 0.006-0.745, with an average value of 0.163, indicating that the organic pollution of the study area was considered lightly polluted. Among them, the pollution of sampling points around the Jinze Reservoir was more serious than that in other areas, indicating that there was a potential risk of eutrophication in this area, which requires certain attention.

In this study, 50 surface water and sediment samples were collected from 25 sampling points in Qingpu District (including Taipu River basin, Jinze Reservoir, and Qingxi country park) in the Yangtze River Delta integration demonstration area, and 22 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the samples were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS-MS). The distribution characteristics, sources, and influencing factors of targeted PPCPs in the study area were studied in detail. The ecological and health risks of the target PPCPs were evaluated using the quotients method. The results showed that a total of 19 PPCPs were detected in the surface water and sediment samples from 25 sampling points in Qingpu District, with total concentrations ranging from 0.06 to 178.67 ng·L -1 and 0.07 to 37.68 ng·g -1 , respectively. The average value of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) in the surface water was the highest with a concentration of 129.54 ng·L -1 , whereas the average value of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in the sediment was the highest with a concentration of 70.62 ng·g -1 . The spatial distribution of the total amount of PPCPs showed a trend of Qingxi country park > Jinze Reservoir > Taipu River basin. Principal component analysis showed that the main sources of pollution were animal antibiotics used in aquaculture and the discharge of domestic sewage. There was a significant correlation between lg K oc and lg K d ( P <0.05), indicating that the organic carbon plays an important role in the distribution of the target PPCPs in water and sediments. The ecological risk assessment results revealed that the fungicides (TCC and TCS) in the surface waters showed a moderate risk to aquatic organisms of different trophic levels. The Qingxi country park and Jinze Reservoir were the regions with the highest ecological risks of PPCPs in surface water and sediment. The health risk entropy (HQ) of people of all age groups exposed through drinking was less than 1; however, with the continuous emission and accumulation of PPCPs, the pollution control of PPCPs in the environment still requires further attention.

Hirschsprung&prime;s disease (HSCR) is one of the major causes of chronic incomplete intestinal obstruction in children. HSCR is considered a type of neurocristopathy caused by no colonization of ganglion cells on some parts of the bowel wall due to abnormal termination of the migration of vagal neural cells during embryonic development. This disease can be classified into different types according to the length of the affected intestinal canal. Most HSCR patients present with single deformity, but some HSCR patients are affected by other deformities, which constitutes syndromic HSCR, such as congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, Fryns syndrome, and cartilage-hair hypoplasia syndrome. Most syndromes have abnormal genetic material. An adequate knowledge of syndromic HSCR is of vital importance for accurate diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, genetic basis, and genetic modes of different types of syndromic HSCR.

Spectral distribution of infrared radiation from plume by the method to calculate infrared radiance of the gaze direction in small sight field was calculated. Based on numerical value and form of radiative transfer equation, infrared radiant intensity of the gaze direction was calculated using the Malkmus statistical narrow-band model and CG approach. Flow field and mole fraction distribution were simulated using a FLUENT computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software. Infrared imaging simulation model of hot jet was established. The hot jet's infrared images of liquid rocket engine were generated. The results demonstrate that the method can detect well-resolved fine structure of flow field. And the model is also applicable to calculation and simulation on infrared radiation of hot jet from engine.

Objective: To explore the relationship between exon 3 mutation in the methyl CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2-E3) gene and Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and anorectal malformations (ARMs)., Methods: PCR and DNA sequencing were used to detect the mutation of MeCP2-E3 in 120 healthy controls, 120 HSCR, and 50 ARMs., Results: On sequencing, 45(37.5%) children with HSCR had basic replacement in MeCP2-E3, 12(10.0%) of them were homozygous mutation. Fourteen(28.0%) children with ARMs had basic replacement in MeCP2-E3, 4(8%) of them were homozygous mutation. There were no mutation in the control group., Conclusions: Mutation of MeCP2-E3 is present in the peripheral blood of children with HSCR or ARMs, which may contribute to the development of Hirschsprung disease or anorectal malformations.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of WNT8b and SHH genes mutation and Hirschsprung disease(HSCR) in Chinese children., Methods: Preoperative whole blood preparations in 72 children with sporadic HSCR from northeast China were collected(study group). Seventy-two healthy children were used as controls(matched for sex and age). Genomic DNA was obtained from peripheral blood. Exon 1 of WNT8b gene and the exon 1 of SHH gene were analyzed for gene mutation. The mutation products were automatically sequenced. The levels of WNT8b and SHH mRNA were detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) in blood samples., Results: On sequencing, 13 out of 72 children with HSCR had WNT8b gene mutation in the coding area, including heterozygosity deletion in 8 cases (11.1%) and base replacement in 5(6.9%). Eleven children with HSCR had SHH gene mutation in the coding area including heterozygosity deletion in 7 cases(9.7%) and base replacement in 4(5.6%). No mutations in WNT8b and SHH genes were found in the control group. The WNT8b and SHH mRNA levels were different between the study group and the control group(30.01±1.13 vs. 17.33±0.62, and 28.25±1.27 vs. 18.94±0.31, P<0.05)., Conclusions: WNT8b and SHH mutations and abnormal expressions are present in the peripheral blood of children with sporadic HSCR. These two genes may be related to the development of sporadic HSCR in children in the northeastern China.

Objective: To investigate the point mutations and polymorphisms of SIP1 gene in Hirschsprung disease(HSCR) and discuss the relationship between the feature of gene mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms of SIP1 gene and HSCR., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism(PCR-SSCP)and DNA direct sequencing were performed in 50 HSCR cases and 30 normal controls. All 10 exons of SIP1 gene were analyzed for point mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)., Results: Loss of heterozygosity was observed in exon 7 in one patient. This variation leads to a nonsense mutation (L157L) and is an SNP. A missense mutation was detected in exon 8 in four patients, the frequency was 8%(4/50). PCR-SSCP was analyzed by silver staining. Identical patterns were observed in exon 2 for two cases, exon 7 for three cases, and exon 8 in seven patients., Conclusion: The mutations of SIP1 gene were detected in HSCR. The results suggest that SIP1 gene might play an important role in the pathogenesis of HSCR.

Objective: To detect the PAX3/PAX7-FKHR fusion transcripts to identify genetic alteration in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) tissues., Methods: One-step reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of the PAX3/PAX7-FKHR fusion transcrips in 16 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (7 cases of ARMS, 9 cases of ERMS) and 16 specimens were compared to the surrounding normal tissue. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) was employed to detect the genomic imbalance (DNA loss or amplification) in 16 RMS cases., Results: PAX3-FKHR fusion transcripts were positive in 3/7 and PAX 7-FKHR fusion transcripts were positive in 2/7 of ARMS patients, respectively, and were all negative in ERMS and Control tumors. There were different chromosome variations for each RMS, chromosome amplification was frequently seen in 1p36 (69%), 5q32 (56%), 8q21 (63%), 13q14 (69%), 19q (63%), 20q (56%). Chromosome loss was frequently seen in 3p21-pter (56%), 9p23-pter (50%), 10q (69%), 16/16q24 (56%)., Conclusion: One-step RT-PCR assay for detection specific fusion gene provides a useful tool for confirmation of the diagnosis of RMS in diagnostically difficult cases and in retrospective studies. Chimeric gene transcript resulting from specific chromosomal translocations is a reliable index for the molecular diagnosis of RMS.

Objective: To establish stable techniques of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and apply them to elucidate the genetic characteristics of hepatoblastoma (HB), and to explore the characteristics and clinical significance of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 1p36 in HB., Methods: CGH was employed to detect the genomic imbalance (DNA loss or amplification) in 20 cases of HB, and PCR-simple repeated sequence polymorphism was employed in 30 cases of HB to detect the loss of heterozygosity for 6 satellites at chromosome 1p36., Results: There were different chromosome variations for each HB. chromosome amplification was frequently seen in 1q, 2q,2p, 8q, 8p, 12q and 22q. Chromosome loss was often seen in 1p, 4q, 4p, 16q, 17p and 18q. The frequency of LOH at 6 loci on chromosome 1 was 63.3% totally (19/30), with the highest D1S199 (66.7%) and D1S450 next to it (46.7%)., Conclusion: There were chromosome zones with DNA amplification or loss in hepatoblastoma. There are extensive LOH at 1p36 in hepatoblastoma. The corresponding amplification of oncogene and loss of antioncogene may take part in the development of hepatoblastoma.