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Background The disease burden of ischemic heart disease is becoming heavier, and the influence of metabolic factors is gradually increasing, and there is still insufficient research in exploring the disease burden caused by metabolic factors and its change trend. Objective To analyzes the long-term impact and trend of the disease burden of ischemic heart disease caused by metabolic factors in China from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide solid and powerful scientific support and basis for the prevention and control of ischemic heart disease. Methods Based on the data of the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2019, the mortality rate, disability adjusted life year (DALY) and corresponding normalized indicators attributed to metabolic factors in ischemic heart disease of different ages and sexes in China from 1990 to 2019 were obtained. The Joinpoint model was used to systematically evaluate the temporal trend of disease changes. Results The mortality rate and DALY rate of ischemic heart disease attributed to metabolic factors in the whole population of China increased from 38.01/100 000 and 944.68/100 000 in 1990 to 103.34/100 000 and 1 972.50/100 000 in 2019, respectively. Compared with 1990, in 2019, the mortality rate of ischemic heart disease, DALY rate and corresponding standardized indicators attributed to metabolic factors were significantly higher in males than in females, and higher in the older age group than in the lower age group. In terms of gender, during the period of 1990—2019, the standardized mortality rate of men with IHD attributed to metabolic factors in China was gradually higher than the global level, while the standardized mortality rate of the whole population and women was always lower than the global level. The standardized DALY rates of all three are significantly lower than the global level. In terms of age, the DALY rate attributed to high body mass index in 1990—2019 showed an upward trend and dominated the population, and renal insufficiency gradually became prominent in the elderly population. Conclusion Since 1990, the overall burden of ischemic heart disease in China has shown an upward trend. The burden of ischemic heart disease caused by metabolic factors is increasing, and it is necessary to continue to increase the publicity of ischemic heart disease prevention and control, especially for key groups such as men and the elderly, carry out targeted health management, better guide the formulation of health policies, improve the utilization efficiency of health resources, and optimize the layout and structure of medical services, so as to better meet the public health needs, reduce the burden of ischemic heart disease in China to a greater extent, and help achieve the goal of healthy China.

ObjectiveThis study aims at establishing a teaching catalog and content for breast rare diseases and developing the syllabus for the breast rare disease using integrated multimodality of case-/problem-/resource-based learning (CBL+PBL+RBL).MethodsBy conducting bibliometrics co-occurrence analysis, we collected 6291 articles on breast rare disease published from January, 1975 to June, 2024. Additionally, we retrieved the Textbook on Rare Diseases, the Catalog of Chinese Rare Disease, and Second Batch of Rare Disease Catalog and then decided the teaching content.ResultsFrom 16, 387 keywords, 1000 (6.1%) keywords were identified through co-occurrence analysis, including 50(0.3%) candidate diseases. These were classified into three categories: rare primary breast diseases, rare genetic mutation-related diseases associated with breast cancer, and rare systemic multi-system diseases involving the breast. From the candidate list, 20(0.1%) rare primary breast diseases were further selected for their notable clinical teaching significance, and significant multi-systemic diseases affecting the breast, whether related to gene mutations or not. Teaching plans were drafted using a diversified parallel teaching approaches, taking into account the characteristics of different diseases and the focus of different teaching methods.ConclusionsThis study initiated the development of the teaching content for breast rare diseases and developed the teaching syllabus using the CBL+PBL+RBL integrated multi teaching model and targeting each rare breast disease for the critical point for teaching.

Objective: This study aimed to make full use of walnut by-products. Methods: Ultrasonic-assisted ethanol extraction method was used to extract the antioxidant components of walnut shell and distraction wood. The changes of antioxidant components (total phenols and total flavonoids) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability, Iron reduction antioxidant capacity-FRAP and ferrous ion chelating activity) of walnut by-products extract during the simulated digestion were studied in vitro, and their correlation was analyzed. Results: The total phenols(TPC), total flavonoids(TFC) content, and antioxidant activity of distraction wood were always higher than those of walnut shells (P＜0.05). After simulated in vitro digestion, the TPC and TFC of both walnut shell and distraction wood decreased gradually (Pstomach>intestine (P2+ chelating activity, the antioxidant capacity of the digestive juices showed a significant positive correlation with TPC and TFC (P

Background and purpose: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can regulate gene transcription, mRNA shear, stabilization and translation, and it is an important regulatory factor in a variety of biological processes. This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical features of lncRNA FLJ30679 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effect on the malignant biological behavior of OSCC. Methods: The expression of FLJ30679 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissues and normal tissues was analyzed by the UCSC Xena database for expression and prognosis. The expression of FLJ30679 in OSCC cell lines was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR). The subcellular localization of FLJ30679 in OSCC cells was detected by RNA nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation assays. FLJ30679 Smart Silencer was used to establish the FLJ30679 knockdown group (SS-FLJ30679), and overexpression plasmid of FLJ30679 was used to establish FLJ30679 overexpression group (FLJ30679). The effects of altered FLJ30679 expression on the proliferative and migration capacity of OSCC cells were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell migration assays. RTFQ-PCR and Western blot were used to determine the effect of altered FLJ30679 expression on the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes in OSCC cells. The effects of altered FLJ30679 expression on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase (AKT) pathway were detected by Western blot. Results: Online query of database showed that FLJ30679 expression was higher in HNSCC tissues compared to normal tissues (P

Transformer live fault diagnosis is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of power transformers. In response to the problem of complex working environment and limited fault types characterized by a single parameter, a method based on complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and feature entropy weights method (EWM) is proposed for fault diagnosis. The correlation coefficient weighted kurtosis (CCWK) principle is used to filter the CEEMDAN components and reconstruct the signal to achieve an improved characterisation of transformer vibration signal features while eliminating redundant components. The EWM is used to construct feature determination coefficients (FDC) to achieve a single data diagnosis of transformer fault types. The principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the scale of mixed domain features and the chicken swarm optimization (CSO) algorithm is used to optimize support vector machine (SVM) model for fault diagnosis. The analysis is performed on a 110 kV three-phase oil-immersed transformer in a certain substation, and the results show that compared with other transformer fault diagnosis methods such as probabilistic neural network (PNN) and SVM, the proposed method not only provides early qualitative fault type identification but also improves the accuracy and efficiency of transformer fault diagnosis.

With the development of digital technology, virtual spaces have attracted widespread attention. Some studies have suggested that there is a certain interaction and dependence between virtual and geospatial spaces. However, most current research interprets geospatial implications in virtual spaces using semantic interpretation methods and lacks case studies that combine specific industries. Represented by the short video industry, the digital economy industry has constructed a virtual communication space that is distinct from the geospatial space through Internet media, possessing analytical conditions and values with dual spatial attributes. Given that short videos are important carriers of virtual social networks, this study focuses on the top short video creators on Bilibili, known as "POWER UP 100," who produce original short video content from 2018 to 2021. Relying on their basic information, video information, linkage situations, and other data, this study quantifies the two virtual space attributes of selected short video creators (influence and network centrality) using methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient and social network analysis. Furthermore, it discusses the relationship between these two attributes and their geospatial attributes (geographical location and hierarchy), thus exploring whether the virtual space attributes of short video creators depend on their geospatial attributes. This study confirms that virtual spaces exhibit a certain degree of dependence on the geospatial space. Regarding the correlation between the UP virtual level and geospatial hierarchy, there are differences in the distribution of UP creator influence levels in different cities, with larger and higher-level cities having more dispersed UP creator influence levels. High-level top creators are mostly located in super-large cities, whereas low-level cities rarely have such creators. Although virtual networking platforms can, to some extent, enable top creators to attract fans and overcome geographical limitations, the level and range of their influence remain closely tied to the geographical hierarchy within the geospatial space. Virtual space interconnectivity networks based on UPs exhibit strong distance correlation, with linkage frequency primarily determined by geographical distance. However, in virtual space interconnectivity networks based on cities, the dominant role of geographical distance weakens, whereas the role of city hierarchy increases. Therefore, the following conclusions were drawn: (1) There is only a weak positive correlation between the virtual space level of the top short video creators and the geospatial hierarchy. (2) The construction of virtual space networks by top short video creators exhibits geographical proximity and hierarchical orientation, demonstrating a certain dependence on the geospatial space. (3) The virtual space activities of the top short video creators are significantly influenced by factors such as the economic and cultural levels of their cities. This study provides guidance and inspiration for the future creative work of short video creators. However,, using the short video industry as an example, it reaffirms the conclusion that the virtual space generated under media transformation cannot be detached from the existing geospatial space.

Objective To summarize the research trends and hotspots of patient reported outcome measurement information system (PROMIS). Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and PubMed databases were systematically searched, Bicomb 2.0 software was used for data sorting and cleaning, keywords were extracted, word frequency analysis was performed on high-frequency fields, and co-word matrix was constructed. SPSS 24.0 was used for co-word clustering analysis to summarize and explore research trends and hotspots. Results The hot topic clusters of the PROMIS were patient reported outcome measures, quality of life, symptoms and psychological variables assessment. Conclusion PROMIS has become a hot issue in the field of patient health level and care quality. Future studies tend to use consensus-based health measurement tools to conduct the measurement test of PROMIS, build a systematic clinical interpretation system, and then promote its transformation and application in clinical practice.

Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, and the improvement of glucocorticoid on the renal prognosis of IgAN patients with high risk of CKD progression remains unclear. Objective To explore the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on the therapeutic response and renal prognosis of IgAN patients with high risk of CKD progression. Methods IgAN patients with high risk of CKD progression were recruited in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to October 2021 as study subjects and divided into the glucocorticoid treatment group and supportive treatment group according to whether glucocorticoid therapy was performed. Propensity matching method (PSM) was used to screen patients for cases by 1∶1 matching according to gender, age, 24 h urine protein and eGFR, the clinicopathological data of patients, disease remission, adverse reactions within 1 year were recorded. The patients were followed up from the date of initiation of supportive therapy until October 31, 2022. The primary endpoint event was defined as progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or receiving dialysis. The composite endpoint event was defined as sustained decline in eGFR of more than 30% from baseline, or progression to ESRD, or receiving dialysis or death. Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot survival curves and log-rank test was used to compare differences in the cumulative incidence of the primary/composite endpoint events between the two groups of patients. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of renal prognosis in IgAN patients with high risk of CKD progression. Results A total of 236 patients with primary IgAN met the inclusion criteria. After 1∶1 matching, 97 cases in the glucocorticoid treatment group were successfully matched with 97 cases in the supportive therapy group with balanced baseline data. The complete remission rate and partial remission rate of patients in the glucocorticoid treatment group were higher than those in supportive treatment group (χ2=6.171, P=0.013; χ2=3.973, P=0.046) . The median follow-up time was 18.00 (9.75, 28.00) months. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of primary endpoint event in the glucocorticoid treatment group was lower than the supportive treatment group (χ2=4.495, P=0.034) and the cumulative survival rate of composite endpoint event in the glucocorticoid therapy group was lower than the supportive therapy group (χ2=4.419, P=0.036) . Among the 236 patients who met the inclusion criteria, there were 177 patients with moderate proteinuria. After 1∶1 matching of the 177 patients on glucocorticoid treatment and supportive treatment by sex, age, 24 h urine protein and eGFR using PSM, 76 cases in each group were successfully matched. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of primary endpoint event in the patients on glucocorticoid treatment with moderate proteinuria was lower than those on supportive treatment with moderate proteinuria (χ2=4.127, P=0.042) ; and the cumulative survival rate of composite endpoint event in the patients on glucocorticoid treatment with moderate proteinuria was lower than those on supportive treatment with moderate proteinuria (χ2=4.934, P=0.026) . Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that hemoglobin (HR=0.982) , serum creatinine (HR=1.019) , eGFR (HR=1.020) and 24-hour urine protein (HR=1.205) were influencing factors of primary endpoints event in IgAN patients with high risk of CKD progression. The incidence of infection in the glucocorticoid treatment group was higher than the supportive treatment group (P

Objective To establish a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model based on the single MRI image of the knee, and to investigate its value in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. Methods Knee MRI images were collected from 1 663 subjects from the GreatPACS image archiving and communication system in No. 971 Hospital of People’s Liberation Army Navy from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2022, and one image was selected from the MRI images of each patient and was annotated as normal ACL or ACL tears by an orthopedic specialist, which obtained 1 111 images with normal ACL and 552 images with ACL tears. The images were randomly assigned to the training set (1 383 images) and the test set (280 images) at a ratio of 83% and 17%, respectively, to train and test the DCNN model established for the intelligent diagnosis of ACL. The performance of the model was evaluated by positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results A DCNN model was successfully established for the intelligent diagnosis of ACL. The test results of this model showed a PPV of 52.99%, an NPV of 88.96%, an accuracy of 73.93%, a sensitivity of 77.50%, and a specificity of 72.50%, with an AUC of 0.602. Conclusion The DCNN model based on single MRI images can help clinicians with the diagnosis of ACL tears.

Objective To summarize the clinical manifestations, pathological features and gene mutation diversity of Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis. Methods We collected general data, clinical manifestations, and auxiliary examination results from 8 patients who were diagnosed of Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis and treated in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2022, and then summarized and analyzed their characteristics and diversity. Results Among the 8 patients, 4 were males and 4 were females. The onset age was 3 to 8 months old. Rash was the first symptom in 7 patients(87.5%). 6 patients(75.0%) had papules and erythema.3 cases(37.5%) had arthritis. 2 cases(25.0%) had uveitis and other eye inflammation. 4 cases (50.0%) also showed intermittent fever. 3 cases (37.5%) showed symptoms in nerve and respiratory system, and hypertension respectively. The skin histopathology of 8 patients showed non-caseous granuloma formation. In laboratory detection, CRP and TNF-α were significantly increased before treatment, while IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α and IL-2 receptor(IL-2R) were significantly decreased in 5 patients after glucocorticoid therapy. The results of genetic testing showed that 4 of the 7 patients had p.R334W(c.1000C > T) mutation, 1 had p.H313R(c.938A > G) and p.R471C(c.1411C > T)double mutation, and 1 had p.476_477del (c.1427_1429delcct). Conclusions Blau syndrome/early-onset sarcoidosis has significant features in clinical manifestations, histopathology and gene mutation, but it also has diversity.

Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations, diagnostics, and treatment of chylothorax following neck dissection for oral cancer. Methods The clinical data of 3 patients with chylothorax after neck dissection for oral cancer from January 2020 to May 2021 in the Stomatological Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, were retrospectively analyzed in detail, and the relevant literature was reviewed. The risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, treatment, and prognosis of chylothorax were summarized. Results The 3 patients were all male patients with oral cancer aged 42-63 years. Their clinical manifestations were progressive dyspnea 2-5 days after cervical lymphadenectomy. Chest X-ray, B-ultrasound, and/or CT showed unilateral or bilateral pleural effusion, and the diagnosis was confirmed after a positive chylous test of pleural puncture fluid. There was 1 case with left chylothorax (1 case after left neck dissection) and 2 cases with bilateral chylothorax (1 case after left neck dissection, 1 case after bilateral neck dissection). Severe neck chylous leakage occurred in 2 patients; local compression did not work, and the thoracic ducts were ligated. All patients were treated with nutritional support, assisted mechanical ventilation, tube thoracostomy drainage, and other conservative treatments. The chylothorax volume of each patient was gradually reduced, and the chest drainage tube was removed 7 to 15 days later. All patients recovered successfully. The literature review results showed that when patients with oral cancer after neck dissection experienced progressive dyspnea, related auxiliary examination methods such as chest X-ray, B-ultrasound, CT, and chyle tests should be used by clinicians. When a patient is diagnosed with chylothorax, they should be treated with nutritional support, mechanical ventilation, somatostatin, thoracic puncture drainage, other conservative treatments, and even thoracotomy and ligation of the thoracic duct surgery when necessary. Conclusion Chylothorax is a relatively rare complication after neck dissection for oral cancer. It mainly occurs bilaterally or only in the ipsilateral pleural cavity on the surgical side of neck dissection. Left neck dissection is a risk factor. The clinical manifestations are mostly progressive dyspnea after neck dissection. Detailed physical examination, chest X-ray, B ultrasound, and/or CT could detect pleural effusion, and chylothorax could be diagnosed when milky white or pale yellow chylous liquid is aspirated and the chylous test is positive. Most patients can be cured with tube thoracostomy drainage, respiratory support, and other conservative treatments.

Based on selective laser melting (SLM), the high speed steel samples with nearly full density and low defects were prepared by using the printing strategy consisted of preheated printing substrate, low laser power and slow scanning speed. The effect of solid-solution oil-quenching as well as 1-4 times high temperature tempering on the microstructure and mechanical properties of selective laser melted high speed steel was contrasted and analyzed. The results demonstrate that fine austenite grains can be obtained due to the high melting/cooling rate in SLM process, solving the problems of coarse ledeburite organization and carbide network in high speed steel. The structure of steel is martensite and retained austenite after solid-solution oil-quenching. High speed steel sample transformed into tempered martensite during multiple tempering, accompanied with a large number of micro-sized and nano-sized carbides precipitated. The quenched and triple tempered Tempered-Ⅲ sample has a hardness of 60HRC, a flexural strength of 3621 MPa and a bending fracture strain of 10.1%, exhibiting an outstanding combination of hardness, strength and toughness. The bending fracture strain of high speed steel decreases owing to the coarsening of carbides in four times tempering. The integration of SLM, solid-solution oil-quenching and high-temperature tempering, which forms the combined effects of fine-grain strengthening, martensitic hardening and precipitation strengthening, provides a new approach for complex shaped high speed steel parts with high strength and toughness.

The natural deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by using betaine as hydrogen bond acceptor and organic acid, sugar group and alcohol group as hydrogen bond donor. Based on microwave-assisted extraction method, the extraction process of purple-fleshed potatoes anthocyanins (PPA) was optimized by single factor experiment combined with response surface analysis. The effects of microwave time, microwave power, solvent water content and solvent molar ratio on the extraction content of PPA were investigated. Moreover, the stability of PPA under different temperature and light conditions, and the free radical scavenging rates of DPPH, ABTS+ and OH were compared with conventional solvents to determine the antioxidant capacity in vitro. The results showed that the acidic deep eutectic solvent with betaine and citric acid (molar ratio of 1:2.1) and a water content of 28.6%, under the conditions of microwave power of 800 W and microwave time of 28 s, the extraction content of PPA could reach 228.658±1.241 mg/100 g, which was 56.92% higher than that of the conventional extraction process. In addition, the stability of PPA obtained by DES was significantly improved under different light and temperature conditions. The sunlight had the biggest effect on the PPA. The results showed that the preservation rate of PPA could reach more than 90% in the case of light avoidance, while the preservation rate of conventional solvent extraction was only 82.78%. Moreover, the content of anthocyanins would decrease continuously with the increase of temperature, and the preservation rate of both decreased significantly. Antioxidant capacity results demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of PPA obtained from DES was stronger, and the values of IC50 for different radical scavenging capacity were less than the conventional solvent extraction. The IC50 values of DPPH radical scavenging capacity ranged from 45.95 μg/mL to 41.54 μg/mL, ABTS+ radical scavenging capacity IC50 values from 17.81 μg/mL to 11.30 μg/mL, OH radical scavenging capacity IC50 values from 162.00 μg/mL to 22.44 μg/mL. Therefore, the content, stability and antioxidant activity of PPA are closely related to the extraction solvent, and our extraction process provides a new idea for the utilization and development of purple-fleshed potatoes anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial residues are an important component of soil organic carbon (SOC). It is unclear how long-term thinning affects the accumulation characteristics of microbial residue carbon (C). We analyzed the differences in soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, extracellular enzyme activities, and microbial residue C in topsoil (0-10 cm) and subsoil (20-30 cm) in Picea asperata plantation of non-thinned (control, 4950 trees ⋅ hm-2) and thinned for 14 years (1160 trees ⋅ hm-2) stands, aiming to reveal the regulatory mechanism of thinning on microbial residue C accumulation. The results showed that thinning significantly increased SOC content, total nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, the proportion of particulate organic C, soil water content, C-cycle hydrolase, and acid phosphatase activities, but significantly reduced the proportion of mineral-associated organic C. Thinning significantly affected the content of fungal and microbial residue C, and the contribution of microbial residue C to SOC, and these effects were independent of soil layer. The content of fungal and microbial residue C was 25.0% and 24.5% higher under thinning treatments. However, thinning significantly decreased the contribution of microbial residue C to SOC by 12.3%, indicating an increase in the proportion of plant-derived C in SOC. Stepwise regression analysis showed that total nitrogen and soil water content were key factors influencing fungal and microbial residue C accumulation. In summary, thinning promoted microbial residue C sequestration by altering soil properties and changed the composition of SOC sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problems of multi-scale, multi angle and occlusion in mask wearing detection in complex scenes, a mask wearing detection algorithm in complex scenes based on improved FCOS is proposed in this paper. Firstly, in order to improve the feature extraction ability of the network for masks with different scales, the packet residual connection structure of Res2Net is introduced into the backbone network of the algorithm, and the deformable convolution is integrated to expand its modeling ability for objects with unknown shapes. Then, a feature pyramid integrating attention mechanism is designed to give different weights to feature channels and suppress useless feature information. Finally, according to the relevant statistical characteristics of the target mask, the positive and negative samples are automatically divided to improve the sample quality of masks with different scales, and Generalized Focal Loss is introduced to jointly train the classification score and positioning quality score of samples so as to improve the performance of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the mAP of improved algorithm in this paper improves 6.7 percentage points compared with the original FCOS in the detection of mask wearing in complex scenes. Meanwhile, compared with some mainstream target detection algorithms, the improved algorithm in this paper also has better effect and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Straw mulching is a main method to reduce soil erosion and improve soil moisture. However, overmuch straw mulching may lower the anti-blocking capacity of no-till planter, affecting seeding quality and grain production in conservation tillage system in North China Plain. So, more researches should be conducted to investigate the suitable straw mulching quantity in conservation tillage system. Aiming at achieving suitable straw mulching conditions for high-performance planting of no-till planter and efficient soil and water conservation, this paper studied the effects of straw mulching on slope runoff and sediment yield process under different simulated rainfalls, and quantified the straw mulching rate for different conditions. A rainfall simulation experiment was carried out at Zhuozhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University, Hebei province, from October 2013 to May 2014. The soil-bin (length: 1m, width: 1 m, slope rate: 9%) was filled with sandy loam soils according to natural soil structure in North China Plain. The surface was covered by chopped (less than 100 mm) maize straws collected after maize harvesting (early October). A rainfall simulator (model: DIK-6000, made in Japan) was used to produce different rainfall intensity. In this experiment, eight kinds of rainfall intensity (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 mm/h) and five kinds of straw mulching rate (0, 15%, 30%, 60%, and 90%) were considered as two independent variables in experimental design (three replications). Each simulated rainfall lasted for 1 h. The results showed that under different straw mulching rates, runoff time and rainfall intensity varied as power functions in conservation tillage fields in North China Plain. Straw mulching significantly (P<0.05) delayed runoff time in each simulation, and compared with uncovered treatments, straw mulching treatments with a coverage of 15%, 30%, 60% and 90% delayed runoff time by 1.0-15.4, 2.1-22.1, 3.4-48.2, and 5.9-73.6 min, respectively. Furthermore, straw mulching restrained runoff and reduced total runoff and total sediment yield. Compared with no straw mulching treatment, 30% straw mulching treatment significantly reduced total runoff by 17.9%-38.7%, but the positive effect in 15% straw mulching treatment was negligent. For sediment yield, the value in 30% straw mulching treatment was 34.1%-48.0% lower than that in no straw mulching treatment under total 8 kinds of simulated rainfall conditions. However, significant reduction (15.6%-34.7%) in 15% straw mulching treatment could only be founded in heavy rainfall (50-80 mm/h) experiments. The results above demonstrated that >30% straw mulching rate could significantly reduce soil erosion and improve soil water retention capacity. However, in North China Plain, the annual output of maize straw is about 7000 kg/hm2. In conservation tillage fields, if the straw mulching rate is over 60%, and this heavy straw cover condition will affect no-till planter's anti-blocking capacity. So, in conservation tillage system, 30%-60% maize straw mulching (1.4-3.1 t/hm2) is recommended to achieve high performance of planting and high efficient soil and water conservation, which provides the valuble information for suitable straw mulching rate of maize in North China Plain during the application of conservation tillage practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the primary target and potential mechanism of mangiferin (MF) in treating oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) through Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database chip mining, network pharmacology, and molecular docking techniques., Methods: Potential therapeutic targets for OSF were identified using GEO chip data. The potential targets of MF were predicted, and disease-related targets for OSF were collected from databases. A Venn diagram was created using the EVenn platform to identify overlapping targets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed using the DAVID platform. Cytoscape 3.10.1 software was used to visualize a drug-target-pathway-disease network, while AutoDocktools 1.5.6 software was employed for molecular docking analysis., Results: A total of 356 potential targets for MF and 360 disease-related targets for OSF were obtained from multiple databases. The top 15 key target proteins in the PPI network were selected as significant candidates. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses revealed that MF treatment primarily involved advanced glycation end products-receptor (AGE-RAGE), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and other signaling pathways associated with OSF pathogenesis. Molecular docking analysis demonstrated that MF exhibited a strong binding activity toward AKT serine kinase 1 (AKT1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and other core targets., Conclusions: These findings suggest that MF may exert its therapeutic effects on OSF through a multitarget approach involving various signaling pathways.

Objective: Non-contact continuous blood pressure monitoring is significant in vital sign monitoring. Frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is suitable for non-contact wave signal extraction. A heartbeat-guided blood pressure monitoring algorithm using FMCW radar is proposed., Methods: The target heart rate is detected and pulse wave signal is extracted based on FMCW reflected signals. The variational mode decomposition (VMD) is introduced to alleviate the interferences of human breath and slight body movements. The pulse wave signal is extracted based on target heart rate. Blood pressure related features of pure pulse waveform are extracted to obtain blood pressure based on its estimation model., Results: Experiments are conducted indoor among 15 participants sitting in a nature state. The average accuracy of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is 94.3% and that of systolic blood pressure is 94.4%., Conclusions: The experimental results demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which makes it possible to further achieve long-term real-time non-contact blood pressure monitoring.

Objective: To observe the effects of Qingkailing injection on RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release, and discuss the possible mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction induced by Qingkailing injection., Method: RBL-2H3 cells were incubated with Qingkailing injection for 30 min. Then the morphological changes of cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Cell degranulation rate was detected by Alcian blue dye assay, Annexin V binding assay and beta-hexosaminidase assay, and cell histamine release rate was detected by ELISA., Result: Different concentration of Qingkailing injection can induce the typical morphological changes in RBL-2H3 cell with degranulation. The rates of degranulation and histamine release in Qingkailing injection treated cells were significantly increased and dose-dependent., Conclusion: RBL-2H3 cell degranulation and histamine release can be induced by single administration of Qingkailing injection, and then induced anaphylactoid reaction, which may be one of the possible mechanisms of serious adverse induced by Qingkailing injection for the first administration in clinic.

Objective: To study the protective effect of the total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata (TIP) on secondary osteoporosis induced by dexamethasome (DXM)., Methods: Female SD rats, 4 month aged, were given intramuscularly with 1.5 mg/kg DXM twice once week. The treated groups were orally given TIP 100, 50 or 25 mg.kg-1.d-1 for 6 months. The whole body BMD and BMC were detected at 3 and 6 months. The biodynamics potency, density, ash weight and calcium content of femur were determined at 6 months., Results: (1) At 3 and 6 months, BMDs in TIP 100 mg/kg group were increased by 3.4% and 8.4% than that in model group, BMC were increased by 7.0% and 9.1%, while in TIP 50 mg/kg group by 3.2%, 5.3% and 6.2%, 6.0%. (2) The Fmax and hardness in TIP 100 mg/kg group were enhanced by 10.3% and 10.5%, when in TIP 50 mg/kg group were enhanced by 3.5% and 7.1%. (3) TIP can increase wet and dry weight in slightly extent, but significantly increase wet density and dry density. (4) The ash weight and calcium content in femur were increased by 3.1% and 4.2% in TIP 100 mg/kg group, 4.3% and 6.4% in TIP 50 mg/kg group, while no change in TIP 25 mg/kg group., Conclusions: TIP can prevent secondary osteoporosis induced by DXM in rats.

Objective: To study the estrogen-like effects of puerarin and total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata (TIP) in vivo., Methods: Puerarin and TIP were orally administrated to ovariectomized rats, infancy or adult mice and estrogen-treated mice at the doses of 150, 300 and 600 mg/kg for 5-9 days. The estrogen-like effects were measured by viginacytology and uterus or ovary weights., Results: Puerarin and TIP significantly promoted uterus growth in ovariectomized rats and infancy mice, increased the ratios of keratocytes in vaginal smear in ovariectomized rats. The sexual cycle was partially recovered in dose-dependent manner. In E2-treated mice, puerarin and TIP obviously inhibited the growth of vigina induced by E2. No obvious effect was observed in normal adult mice., Conclusion: The results showed that puerarin and TIP acted as weak estrogen-like effect on estrogen-deficiency animals, while no effect on normal-estrogen level ones, but as antiestrogen-like effect in high-estrogen-level ones. These results suggested that puerarin and TIP possessed property of partial agonist of estrogen receptor.

Objective: To observe the effects of total isoflavones from Pueraria lobata (TIP) on lipid metabolism in estrogen deficient rat., Methods: Female SD rats were bilaterally ovariectomized under anesthesia. TIP was administrated orally for 7 months. Serum lipids were determined at 1.5, 4.0 and 7.0 months, and liver lipids were detected at 7 months., Results: Compared with non-ovariectomized rats, serum TC level and the ration of TC/HDL-C in ovariectomized rats were obviously increased while HLD-C was slightly induced and TG level were changeless. In TIP-treated groups, serum TC level and the ratios of TC/HDL-C were markedly lowered than those in OVX group, while HDL-C slightly increased. TG level were much reduced in 1.5 month and changeless in 4.0 and 7.0 month. Slightly increase of cholesterol and markedly induction of triglyceride tissue were observed in liver., Conclusion: TIP significantly decreased concentrations of serum TC and liver TG in OVX rats.