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Objective To investigate the relationship of Integrinβ1 and CARMA-3 expressions with the recurrence of bladder cancer after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT). Methods We collected 160 patients with bladder cancer treated with TURBT. Pathological specimens were retained and patients were followed up for 5 years. We included 108 cases in the study. According to the patients' recurrence, the patients were divided into the short-term recurrence group (50 patients with recurrence within 6 months) and the long-term first recurrence group (58 patients with the first recurrence over 3 years). The protein expressions of CARMA-3 and Integrinβ1 were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. And, the relationship of Integrinβ1 and CARMA-3 protein expressions with the recurrence of bladder cancer was analyzed. Results The expressions of Integrinβ1 and CARMA-3 in short-term recurrence group were significantly higher than those in long-term first recurrence group (P < 0.05). And the expressions of Integrinβ1 and CARMA-3 were positively correlated with T stage and tumor differentiation (P < 0.05). Besides, Integrinβ1 and CARMA-3 expressions were positively correlated (r=0.774, P < 0.05). Conclusion CARMA-3 and Integrinβ1 proteins are risk factors for the recurrence of bladder cancer after TURBT.

Aiming at the challenges of opaque transaction data and lack of mutual trust among participants in the service ecosystem of the automobile industry, a de-trust system model based on blockchain smart contract technology is constructed, which takes the after-sales prepaid products from an automobile manufacturer as the research object. Under the scenario of prepaid products in automotive industry, this model systematically discusses the roles of participants, business processes and smart contract solution in the blockchain for the first time. The proposed model can not only enrich the application scenarios of consortium blockchain but also be extended to more cross industry ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the numbers and capacities of dairy cattle farms are increasing with every passing day, computer aided studies for the management of these farms become more important and are widely used in daily life. In this study, we assessed the potential of Xtion as a point cloud data acquisition system for the body measurements of Holstein cows in the context of dairy cow conformation. For this purpose, we selected Xtion for point cloud data acquisition and chose a dairy cow model and a dairy cow as the experimental subjects. In an indoor environment, three dimensional laser scanners with high precision were employed to get point cloud data of the cow model as comparison data, and Xtion was used for acquiring point cloud data at different distances away from the cow model as test data. After aligning the comparison data and test data by using commercial point cloud processing software, statistical errors between comparison data and test data including positive maximum distance, negative maximum distance, positive average distance, negative average distance, standard deviation, and RMS error were calculated by the professional point cloud software in order to quantitatively analyze the precision and density of point cloud data from Xtion at different distances. The test results indicate that the errors almost increased linearly with increasing of the distance between Xtion and subject. The average errors were less than ±5mm on the condition that the distance from Xtion to the subject were between 0.6m and 1.2m. The average errors were less than ±10mm on the condition that the distance between Xtion and the subject were between 1.2m and 1.8m. Maximum errors were always less than ±20mm. The density of point clouds decreased exponentially with increasing of the distance from Xtion to the subject to such an extent that body measurements were impossible to get on account of missing the mark points on the body. These results imply that the appropriate distance between Xtion and a cow is between 0.6m and 1.2m. Under the dairy cow breeding environment, body measurements including chest width, thurl width, rear leg side view, front nipple length, rear udder width, and rear udder height of cows were first determined manually, by direct measurement. Then we used Xtion to acquire point cloud data at a distance of less than 1.2 meters from the cow. Visualization of the point cloud data and interactive measurement of the cow body based on point cloud data from Xtion were performed by Meshlab so as to qualitatively analyze the sunlight and surface materials’ influence on the quality of point cloud data acquired from Xtion under dairy farm conditions. The results indicate that Xtion failed to give normal operation under the sunlight due to the presence of the IR rays in the sunlight. Point cloud acquisition from Xtion may have some small holes due to the material and appearance of a live cow body. The relative errors of comparing the body measurements obtained by Meshlab with the manual measurements were less than 10%, which indicates that Xtion is appropriate for body measurements of Holstein cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System efficiency is an important parameter for evaluating the energy consumption of pumping well system. In order to evaluate the gap between the limiting system efficiency of oil well and current level, to explore the potential system efficiency and to improve pumping well system efficiency, this paper puts forward the application mode that combines potential evaluation of system efficiency and simulation optimization design technology based on parameter sensitivity to pick out potential wells and develop optimized well design scheme before putting it into field application through comprehensive consideration about the produced fluid property, fluid supply capacity, system equipment and parameter combination. This technology has been applied in 2,616 wells in Huabei oil field, where the optimization object is identified by analyzing system efficiency potential of wells and the optimization direction is determined on basis of parameter sensitivity analysis, achieving ideal measure effect proved by field application of optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of common pedicle screw placement under direct vision combined with dome shaped decompression via small incision for double segment thoracolumbar fracture with nerve injury., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 32 patients with double segment thoracolumbar fracture with nerve injury undergoing common pedicle screw placement under direct vision combined with dome shaped decompression via small incision between November 2011 and November 2015 (combined surgery group), and another 32 patients undergoing traditional open pedicle screw fixation surgery (traditional surgery group). There was no significant difference in gender, age, cause of injury, time of injury-to-surgery, injury segments and Frankel classification of neurological function between two groups ( P >0.05). The length of soft tissue dissection, the operative time, the blood loss during surgery, the postoperative drainage, the visual analogue scale (VAS) of incision after surgery, and recovery of neurological function after surgery were evaluated., Results: All cases were followed up 9 to 12 months (mean, 10.5 months) in combined surgery group, and 8 to 12 months (mean, 9.8 months) in traditional surgery group. The length of soft tissue dissection, the operative time, the blood loss during surgery, the postoperative drainage, and the postoperative VAS score in the combined surgery group were significantly better than those in the traditional surgery group ( P <0.05). Dural rupture during surgery and pedicle screw pulling-out at 6 months after surgery occurred in 2 cases and 1 case of the combined surgery group; dural rupture during surgery occurred in 1 case of the traditional surgery group. The X-ray films showed good decompression, and fracture healing; A certain degree of neurological function recovery was achieved in two groups., Conclusion: Common pedicle screw placement under direct vision combined with dome shaped decompression via small incision can significantly reduce iatrogenic trauma and provide good nerve decompression. Therefore, it is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment method for double segment thoracolumbar fracture with neurological injury.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of transurethral electrotomy combined with seminal vesiculoscopy ejaculatory duct dilatation in treating patients with Müllerian duct cyst. 
, Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 12 infertile men due to Müllerian duct cyst between 2009 and 2012. They were diagnosed by semen analysis (including quantity of semen, pH and fructose), digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasonography, magnetic resonance images and aspiration biopsy when necessary. All patients were treated by transurethral electrotomy combined with seminal vesiculoscopy ejaculatory duct dilatation and were followed up for 12 months. 
, Results: A significant improvement of semen quality was achieved after surgery and the sperms could be seen. The patients' semen was analyzed for 3 times in 12 months and the results were normal. Semen volume and pure berries of the patients were increased after the operation compared with those before the operation (P<0.05). Spontaneous pregnancies were achieved in 3 patients 9-12 months after surgery. Four patients' seminal vesicle became smaller obviously.
, Conclusion: Transurethral electrotomy combined with seminal vesiculoscopy ejaculatory duct dilatation is effective and safe for the treatment of Müllerian duct cyst accompanied with ejaculatory duct obstruction.

Objective: To study whether human amniotic fluid colony derived stem cells (hAFCSCs) are involved in regeneration of injured muscles in mice and to investigate the method and feasibility of hAFCSCs-based cytotherapy in the treatment of injured muscles., Methods: s Human second-trimester amniotic fluid was collected through ultrasound-guided amniocentesis, hAFCSCs were isolated from second-trimester amniotic fluid and cultured, and the cells at 6th-8th passages were spared. The mRNA was extracted to identify the stem cell related genes by RT-PCR. The muscular injury model of bilateral tibialis anterior muscle was established by cardiotoxin and X-ray irradiation in 16 Nod/Scid mice (aged 6-8 weeks, and weighing 20-24 g). The hAFCSCs (3.3 x 1(0)7/mL, 3 microIL) were injected into the right injured tibialis anterior muscles as the experimental group, while the same volume of complete medium (lphaa-MEM containing 15%FBS, 18%Chang B, 2%Chang C, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% L-glutamine) was injected into the left injured tibialis anterior muscles as the control group. At 2 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation, the immunofluorescence staining of tibialis anterior muscles was performed to detect hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c-Met), myogenic regulatory factor (Myf-5), Laminin, Desmin, and human specific nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMa)., Results: s The clone formation was observed at 5-7 days of primary hAFCSCs culture; after 8-10 days, the clones with homogeneous morphology were selected for subculture. Adequate stem cells were available after 6th-8th subculture. RT-PCR analysis showed that hAFCSCs expressed mRNA of the stem cell related genes. The immunofluorescence double-staining showed that NuMa expressed in tibialis anterior muscles of the experimental group and no myogenic phenotype expressed at 2 weeks after cell transplantation, and that single cell co-expressed NuMa and c-Met or Myf-5 at 4 weeks after cell transplantation. In some myofibers, NuMa and Laminin or Desmin were also co-expressed. No NuMa positive hAFCSCs were detected in the control group at 2 and 4 weeks after cell transplantation., Conclusion: n hAFCSCs can participate in the regeneration of injured mouse muscle.

Objective: Compare the effect of different chemical methods for preparation of acellular nerve scaffold and to provide an effective nerve scaffold for tissue engineering., Methods: Fifteen male SD rats of 2 months old, weighing 200-250 g were selected; the bilateral sciatic nerves were harvested and divided into 3 groups according to preparation methods: group A (normal nerve), group B (Sondell method) and group C (optimal method by Triton X-200, SB-10 and SB-16). The morphology was compared by HE, immunohistochemistry and SEM after dispose; the degrees of decellularization, degrees of demyelination and integrity of the nerve fiber tube were assessed by scoring system., Results: HE staining: In group A, the cross section of nerve was roundness, the cell nuclei was dark blue and the myelin sheath was reticular structure. In group B, the axon and cell nuclei disappeared and the structure of endoneurium was destroyed. In group C, the axon and cell nuclei disappeared and the endoneurium become animalistic round cavum. The immunohistochemistry staining of Laminin: In group A, the myelin sheath was surrounded by basement membrane with dark blue SC nuclei inside. In group B, the myelin sheath and SC nuclei disappeared and the structure of basement membrane destroyed. In group C, the myelin sheath and SC nuclei disappeared and basement membrane become animalistic round cavum. The immunohistochemistry staining of S-100: In group A, the myelin sheath and SC were brown. In groups B and C, there were no apparent stained myelin sheath. SEM: In group A, the myelin sheath and axon were clear. In group B, the axon and myelin sheath disappeared and basement membrane became animalistic. In group C, the basement membrane was more regular than that of group B. The degrees of acellularization and demyelination of groups B and C were superior to that of group A (P < 0.05), and the degrees of demyelination of group C were superior to that of group B (P < 0.05). The integrity of nerve fiber tube of group C was superior to that of group B (P < 0.05) and similar to that of group A (P > 0.05). The total score was the lowest in group C but the quality was the best., Conclusion: The effect of decellularization of optimal method was similar to that of traditional Sondell method, but the effect of demyelination and integrity of nerve fiber tube were better than that of traditional Sondell method. And this acellular nerve can be used as a new kind of nerve scaffold material.