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The inner wall corrosion of pipelines is concealed and hard to monitor in time. In order to visualize the shape of the internally corroded pipeline, as well as the defect volume and its spatial distribution, a three-dimensional(3D) model reconstruction method based on the ultrasonic phased array technology was proposed for the internally corroded pipeline. A self-built acquisition platform was used to control the one-dimensional linear array probes for the phased array, and the reflected echo signal was used to obtain the space coordinates between the inner and outer diameters of the corroded pipeline. Then, the point cloud data set between the inner and outer diameters was constructed by the interpolation method, and the point cloud data of each fracture zone were obtained by the hierarchical scanning method. Besides,data processing, reverse model reconstruction and forward modeling were performed for the 3D model reconstruction of the collected point cloud data. Finally, the reconstructed 3D model was compared with the point cloud data obtained by the Creaform 3D laser scanner. The results show that it is feasible to obtain the point cloud data using one-dimensional linear array probes based on the ultrasonic phased array technology, and the established 3D model and defects have small errors and high precision, which has important reference value for the safety evaluation of oil and gas pipelines.

Objective: To investigate the value and significance of 18F-prostate-specific membrane antigen (18F-PSMA)-1007 PET/MR for early diagnosis of recurrence and metastasis in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: A total of 143 patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy were enrolled during June 2019 to January 2022 in Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. All the patients underwent 18F-PSMA-1007 PET/MR imaging within 12 to 60 months after surgery. According to the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, patients were divided into 5 groups（PSA≤0.2 ng/mL, 0.2 ng/mL

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the capacity of domestic laboratories for the detection of Salmonella in milk powder.MethodsArtificially contaminated samples in this proficiency testing program were used. The samples were prepared by adding the bacterial enrichment solution to the matrix solution and then mixed， divided， and freeze-dried. The homogeneity and stability of the samples were tested. Three groups of proficiency testing samples were designed and two samples were randomly sent to each laboratory. The result was compared to the specified value to evaluate the performance of the laboratories that participated.ResultsA total of 337 laboratories in our country participated in the proficiency testing program， of which 323 were satisfactory， with the satisfaction rate at 95.8%； 14 laboratories had one or two unsatisfactory results. A total of 674 samples were sent to the laboratory， of which 658 had satisfactory results， with a satisfaction rate of 97.6%， 16 results were unsatisfactory accounting for 2.4%.ConclusionDifferent groups of samples were randomly numbered and randomly distributed， which played an essential role in preventing collusion. The samples prepared by the artificial pollution method fully considered the target bacteria， similar interference bacteria， and background bacteria， and were consistentwith the actual samples in terms of performance. The detection ability of Salmonella in the milk powder of national laboratories is generally satisfactory， and while a few laboratories need to be improved in terms of their detection capability.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to prepare proficiency testing samples that are closer to the actual samples and have good homogeneity and stability， and the ability of national laboratories to detect procymidone， carbofuran， and parathion in vegetables was analyzed through proficiency testing.MethodsThe proficiency testing samples were prepared by adding the target standard solution to the vegetable juice that was sold in the market， and the uniformity and stability were tested. The assigned value and standard deviation of proficiency testing were obtained by robust statistics， and the z value was applied to evaluate the results submitted by the participating laboratories.ResultsThe prepared samples were tested for homogeneity and stability， and met the proficiency testing requirements. The samples were applied to proficiency testing， and 94 laboratories participated nationwide， of which the laboratory satisfaction rate in the procymidone project was 84.5%； the laboratory satisfaction rate in the carbofuran project was 83.3%； the laboratory satisfaction rate in the parathion project was 89.6%.ConclusionThe sample prepared by the preparation method in this study has favorable homogeneity and stability and can meet the requirements of the sample for proficiency testing. The statistical results of proficiency testing showed that the detection ability of procymidone， carbofuran， and parathion in vegetables used in participating laboratories was generally favorable. Through this capability verification activity， we gained an understanding of the testing level of laboratories in this field and achieved the expected results.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze and compare the quality of four brands of silver cod that have high market sales. Methods: The sensory quality, whiteness, texture and volatile flavor substances of four brands of silver cod were detected by sensory analysis, colorimeter, texture analyzer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Among the four brands of silver cod, BS had the highest sensory score, followed by BI and WH, and ILU had the lowest. BS had the best whiteness, followed by BI and WH, while ILU had the worst. ILU had significantly higher hardness and chewiness than the other three brands, and BS had significantly lower elasticity than the other three brands, and there was no significant difference in the cohesion of the four brands of silver cod. A total of 122 kinds of volatile substances (excluding internal standards) were detected in the four brands of silver cod, of which hydrocarbons, alcohols and esters were at a high level and were the main flavoring substances of cod, accounting for 53, 20 and 17 respectively. 24 kinds of volatile substances detected were found in all four brands, and a total of 85, 63, 53 and 53 volatile substances were detected in ILU, BI, BS and WH respectively, with 40, 6, 10 and 5 kinds of volatile substances unique to each. Conclusion: BS had the best sensory quality and colour but slightly less elasticity, and ILU had the best hardness, chewiness and a significantly better overall flavor than the other three brands. BI, BS and WH were relatively similar in terms of type and content of various volatile flavor substances.

This paper reviewed the effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine holographic scraping combined with moxibustion therapy on a patient with renal malignant tumor who had diarrhea adverse reaction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, and summarized the relevant nursing experience. By TCM syndrome differentiation holographic scraping combined with moxibustion treatment were carried out. Comprehensive nursing measures including life guidance, diet guidance, psychological guidance and other interventions were carried out during the treatment. The diarrhea symptom of the patient was effectively improved. (本文总结1例肾恶性肿瘤患者靶向治疗和免疫治疗出现腹泻不良反应采用中医全息刮痧联合艾灸治疗的护理体会。基于中医辨证, 采取全息刮痧联合艾灸治疗, 配合生活指导、饮食指导、心理指导等综合干预, 有效改善患者腹泻症状, 提高生活质量。)

The interaction between food-derived peptides and starch has an important impact on the structure and properties of starch-based foods. Food-derived peptides can adhere to the surface of starch granules through hydrogen bonds and electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, forming a physical barrier, and they can also form a gel structure with starch molecules by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction, which in turn can change the structure and characteristics of starch-based foods. This paper reviews the interaction between food-derived peptides and starch, the effects of food-derived peptides on the structure, physicochemical (rheological, thermodynamic and gelatinization properties) and digestive properties of starch, and the application of food-derived peptide-starch system. This review is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the application of food-derived peptides and starch in functional foods.

Data collection is the primary link in the simulation execution process. The integrity and efficiency of data acquisition have a significant impact on the final effect and efficiency of the entire training simulation activity. However, in the existing distributed simulation system based on high level architecture (HLA), centralized data collection is difficult to handle massive data in a single step, which will affect the normal advancement of simulation while distributed data collection will cause a large number of redundant data, and the development of the collection module does not have universality. In response to the above problems, based on weak distributed data acquisition structure, maniple collection members are used to realize parallel data collection, and the distribution strategy of collection tasks in formulated among multiple members by the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to achieve a balanced distribution of data collection loads. The experimental results on simulation result and real system show that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of data collection while reducing the central processing unit (CPU) and memory consumption during the execution of data collection members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThe metabolomics technique of LC-MS/MS combined with data analysis was used to detect changes and differences in metabolic profiles in the vitreous humor of early rat carcasses found in water, and to explore the feasibility of its use for early postmortem submersion interval （PMSI） estimation and the cause of death determination.MethodsThe experimental model was established in natural lake water with 100 SD rats were randomly divided into a drowning group （n=50） and a postmortem （CO2 suffocation） immediately submersion group （n=50）. Vitreous humor was extracted from 10 rats in each group at 0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h postmortem for metabolomics analyses, of which 8 were used as the training set to build the model, and 2 were used as test set. PCA and PLS multivariate statistical analysis were performed to explore the differences in metabolic profiles among PMSI and causes of death in the training set samples. Then random forest （RF） algorithm was used to screen several biomarkers to establish a model.ResultsPCA and PLS analysis showed that the metabolic profiles had time regularity, but no differences were found among different causes of death. Thirteen small molecule biomarkers with good temporal correlation were selected by RF algorithm. A simple PMSI estimation model was constructed based on this indicator set, and the data of the test samples showed the mean absolute error （MAE） of the model was 0.847 h.ConclusionThe 13 metabolic markers screened in the vitreous humor of rat corpses in water had good correlations with the early PMSI. The simplified PMSI estimation model constructed by RF can be used to estimate the PMSI. Additionally, the metabolic profiles of vitreous humor cannot be used for early identification of cause of death in water carcasses.

Objective To study the characteristics of cognitive and neuropsychiatric behavioral features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with white matter lesion (WML). Methods A total of 58 cases of AD patients were reruited from January 2010 to December 2020. The Mini⁃Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate the degree of cognitive impairments. Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) was used to evaluate the abilities of daily living. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to evaluate behavioral and psychological symptoms. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 21⁃Items (HAMD⁃21) was used to evaluate the mental or emotional state. Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) was used to evaluate the dementia severity. The Fazekas scale was utilized to assess the severity of periventricular white matter hyperintensities (PWMH) and deep white matter hyperintensities (DWMH). Results 1) The distribution frequency of hypertension (χ2=4.665, P=0.031), NPI score (Z=1.987, P=0.047), CDR score (Z=2.069, P=0.039), MMSE score (t=2.927, P=0.005) and MoCA score (t=3.394, P=0.001) in WML group were significantly different than those in non⁃WML group. Among which, attention and calculation ability (Z=2.234, P=0.025), recall ability (Z=2.792, P=0.005), naming ability (Z=2.382, P=0.017), retelling ability (Z=2.685, P=0.007) were lower than those in non⁃WML group. The incidence of delusion (Fisher's exact probability: P=0.046), depression/dysthymia (χ2=4.376, P=0.036), apathy/indifference (χ2=4.063, P=0.044) in WML group were significantly higher than those in non⁃WML group. 2) The distribution frequency of hypertension (χ2=11.195, P=0.001), low⁃density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL⁃C; t=2.573, P=0.013), ADL score (Z=3.269, P=0.001), NPI score (Z=3.439, P=0.001) and CDR score (t=2.740, P=0.006) in moderate to severe WML group were higher than those in mild WML group. MMSE score (t=3.686, P=0.001) and MoCA score (t=5.225, P=0.000) were lower than those in without or mild WML group. 3) Homocysteine (Hcy; F=6.291, P=0.003), distribution frequency of hypertension (χ2=10.716, P=0.005), distribution frequency of WML (χ2=8.100, P=0.017), total Fazekas scores (H=13.658, P=0.001), Fazekas score of PWMH (H=6.540, P=0.038) and Fazekas score of DWMH (H=21.550, P=0.000) were statistically significant. While distribution frequency of hypertension (χ2=6.702, P=0.010; Fisher's exact probability: P=0.006), Hcy (P=0.039, 0.001), Fazekas total scores (Z=2.898, P=0.004; Z=3.223, P=0.001) and Fazekas score of DWMH (Z=2.807, P=0.005; Z=4.144, P=0.000) in severe dementia group were higher than those in moderate and mild dementia group, and only the distribution frequency of WML was higher than that in mild dementia group (Fisher's exact probability: P=0.008), Fazekas score of PWMH was higher than that in moderate dementia group (Z=2.567, P=0.010), and Fazekas score of DWMH in moderate dementia group was higher than that in mild dementia group (Z=2.950, P=0.003). 4) The total Fazekas scores (Z=3.284, P=0.001) and DWMH scores (Z=4.083, P=0.000) in AD patients with hypertension were significantly higher than those in AD patients without hypertension. Conclusions The degree of WML was closely related to cognitive function and neuropsychiatric behavioral symptoms of AD patients, which can be used as an observation index for the development of AD. Therefore, we should pay attention to early screening and prevention of WML related risk factors.

Objective To investigate the effect of mechanical thrombectomy using Solitaire stent combined with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) on limb function and vascular reocclusion in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 134 patients with acute cerebral infarction who received treatment in our hospital from February 2020 to August 2023 were selected as samples. According to whether the patients regularly took aspirin and clopidogrel every day one week before surgery, they were divided into observation group (taking the medications) and control group (without taking medications), with 67 cases in each. The control group was given mechanical thrombectomy, and the observation group was treated with DAPT combined with mechanical thrombectomy. Outcomes measured included revascularization one week after treatment, and neurological and limb function assessment using NIHSS and FMA scale at baseline, 1 day, 1 week, and 1 month after treatment. Brain hemodynamics (CVR, Qmean, and Vmean) and thrombosis markers (TXB2, CD62P, and 6-keto-PGF1α) were evaluated pre-treatment and one month after treatment. Vascular reocclusion three months after treatment and its correlation with hemodynamics and thrombosis factors were analyzed. Results After treatment, higher revascularization rate, FMA score, Qmean, Vmean, and 6-keto-PGF1α level, and lower NIHSS score, CVR, TXB2, and CD62P level were found in the observation group (P < 0.05) . The incidence of vascular reocclusion was also lower in the observation group. Logistic analysis indicated that brain hemodynamic indicators and the level of thrombosis-related factors influenced vascular reocclusion occurrence (P < 0.05) . Conclusion Mechanical thrombectomy using Solitaire stent combined with DAPT helps the recovery of limb function in patients with acute cerebral infarction and reduces the risk of vascular reocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerebral hemodynamic damage is an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). The hemodynamic damage of cerebral small vessel disease includes the changes of blood pressure variability (BPV), vascular pulsatility, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and so on. Impaired cerebral hemodynamics may promote the progression of the disease by aggravating the damage of endothelial dysfunction and the disruption of blood⁃brain barrier (BBB). This paper reviews progress of impaired cerebral hemodynamics in arteriolosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease.

As a popular media sharing platform in recent years, WeChat public platform has great potential in education. This paper takes the public number “PUMC training and teaching” as an example to explore the application of WeChat public platform in standardized training of surgical residents. At present, the standardized training of surgical residents lacks pertinence and systematicness, and there are also difficulties in organizing teaching schedule. WeChat public platform combines traditional surgical teaching mode with innovates teaching mode, improves the pertinence and systematicness of training program, and improves frainees learning efficiency.

Migration abilities of conventional quartz sand and ceramsite proppant are compared. Results show that area of sand dike and suspended sand for quartz sand is both smaller than that of ceramsite, and the width generation capacity of quartz sand is weaker than that of ceramsite. Then, a typical coalbed mehane well named QS01 well located at Gaohe block of Qinshui Basin is selected as the simulation object, and physical experiments and mathematical simulations are both conducted to obtain the migration feature of ceramsite proppant and its granularity matching. Results show that under the same closure pressure, the fracture conductivity of bigger size is greater than that of smaller size; for bigger size ceramsite, the decrease rate will be reduced as closure pressure increasing, which indicates that the bigger size ceramsite has been effectively supported under bigger closure pressure. If the granularity matching of 250-380 μm, 380-1 000 μm and 830-1 400 μm is 1∶6∶2, the proppant concentration is the biggest, and the fracture conductivity is the strongest. If the granularity matching is 3∶1∶2, the proppant concentration is the smallest, and the fracture conductivity is the weakest. And if the granularity matching is 1∶1∶1, the values of proppant concentration and fracture conductivity are among the values of the two conditions above. As a result, the granularity matching should set as 1∶6∶2 during fracturing.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is useful for rapid and robust liver fat quantification. MR spectra of liver can be acquired in a single breath-hold with the high-speed multi-echo stimulated echo acquisition mode, from which T2-corrected liver proton density fat fraction (PDFF) can be derived. However, the widespread application of this method is hampered by the cumbersome post-processing procedures for the spectroscopy data. In this work, an automated algorithm for liver fat quantification from multi-echo spectroscopy data was developed. The feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm were evaluated with fat-water phantoms experiments and human liver experiments. The results demonstrated excellent correlation and agreement between the PDFF measurements with the proposed algorithm and those obtained with the jMRUI software.

Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) is emerging as a useful quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis. In this work, a hybrid method combining complex-based and magnitude-based water-fat separation was proposed to provide accurate measurements of liver PDFF. Clinical experiments were performed to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the method proposed. The results demonstrated that PDFF results obtained with the proposed method had excellent correlation and agreement with those calculated from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).

The stress sensitivity of pores and fractures in four groups of coal samples was measured and analyzed comprehensively by overburden nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and permeability. The results show that the compression coefficient based on the overburden permeability increases with the increase of fracture development, the corresponding T2 spectral area of pore and fracture decreases exponentially with the increase of stress, in the same sample, the stress sensitivity of fracture is greater than that of seepage pore, and the adsorption pore is the lowest; compared with the pore developed samples, the compression coefficient of the fissure developed adsorption pore did not change significantly with the stress; in the same pressure range, the compressibility obtained by permeability is obviously greater than that obtained by NMR.

The application of homogeneous nano-catalysts in catalytic ozonation was reviewed and the technical mechanism of catalytic ozonation was discussed. There are many types of catalysts in actual production. Nano-catalysts have been widely concerned and applied due to their large specific surface area, many active sites and high catalytic efficiency. The different materials such as metal, metal oxide nano-catalyst, perovskite nano-catalyst and carbon-based nano-catalyst are summarized, and the existing treatment effects of nano-catalyst applied in catalytic ozonation are introduced. The main disadvantages and corresponding countermeasures of nano-catalysts are pointed out, and the future development direction is prospected. In order to provide reference for the application of nano-catalyst ozonation in practical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To observe the change pattern of pericyte number at different time periods after mice skeletal muscle contusion and discuss its role in wound age estimation. Methods A mice gastrocnemius muscle contusion model was established. The form and number changes of pericytes at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 14, and 28 d post-injury were detected by multiple immunofluorescence staining. Results Compared with the slender shape of pericytes in normal skeletal muscles, pericytes in the contusion area had increased volume, rounder form and a round nuclei. Part of pericytes were found to express satellite cell markers paired-box transcription factor （Pax7） or myoblast determination 1 （MyoD1）. The changes of pericyte number in skeletal muscles after contusion were time-dependant, and showed unimodal distribution with the extension of wound age. In the central contusion area, the number of pericytes peaked at 5 d post-injury while in the peripheral contusion area, the number of pericytes peaked at 5 d and 7 d post-injury. Conclusion The number of pericytes in contusion area varies time-dependently after skeletal muscle contusion in mice and might be a reference index for muscle wound age estimation, and is involved in the repair and regeneration of skeletal muscle injury.

In order to study the synchronous voting technologies of speed and distance measurement safety platform for train control on-board equipment, a synchronous voting method of speed and distance is proposed. The software task level synchronization mechanism is designed by taking three speed and distance measurement treatment cycles as tasks to form a circular queue. The restrictions on differences are given to complete the voting of train running speed and distance, and the voting state of single system is determined within the specified period according to the voting results. The initial value is assigned to output when the voting is in initialization state. The default value is assigned to output when the voting is in fault state. Interpolation and extrapolation method, least square fitting method and maximum speed method are used to vote output respectively when the voting is in normal state or transition state. Taking the acceleration change point in the process of train operation as the research object, the algorithm model is established and simulation comparison analysis is conducted on the laboratory speed and distance measurement platform. Results show that the voting condition can be used to determine the voting state of the single system effectively based on the task level synchronization. The interpolation and extrapolation voting output method can obtain higher precision calculation results on the basis of meeting the security requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many methods to extract fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from multi-channel abdominal signals. Based on the assumptions of statistical independence and non-Gaussianity among signals, the blind source separation is widely concerned. However, due to the influence of maternal ECG (MECG) signals and a variety of complex bioelectrical noises mixed in the abdominal ECG signals, as well as the unreasonable arrangement of the abdominal electrodes, the extraction results of FECG by the traditional blind source separation algorithm are often unsatisfactory. In this paper, an EMD--QPCE method was proposed for the extraction of multi-channel FECG based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and quasi-periodic component extraction (QPCE). Firstly, the abdominal mixed ECG signals of each channel were decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by EMD, and the components of MECG signals in the IMFs were eliminated to enhance the FECG information. Then, the IMFs of the same order in each channel signals were combined and the IMFs with the FECG information were extracted by QPCE. Finally, an FECG was reconstructed from the IMFs containing the FECG information. Experiments were carried out on real ECG signals in DaISy, ADFECGDB and Challenge 2013 databases. The results showed that compared with the traditional ICA, PCA and QPCE methods, the EMD--QPCE method proposed in this paper greatly improved the success rate and the quality for the FECG extraction. Sensitivity of extraction (Se) for FECG of the proposed method was 92.31%, Positive predictive value (PPV) was 98.77%, accuracy index F1 was 95.43% and average fetal heart rate error was 0.595%. It showed a very good accuracy, which verified the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the characteristic of cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms and different cerebral glucose metabolism between patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Methods Twenty PSP patients and 65 bvFTD patients were recruited after follow-up for more than 36 months. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to evaluate the degree of cognitive impairments, the abilities of daily living, and behavioral and psychological symptoms, respectively. Part of the atypical patients, including 18 bvFTD and 17 PSP, were examined by 18F-FDG PET to analyze the difference of cerebral glucose metabolism between 2 groups. Results The MMSE scores (P = 0.046) and MoCA scores (P = 0.009) were higher in PSP group than bvFTD group. A detail analysis of MoCA sub-item showed the scores of naming (P = 0.038), language (P = 0.006), abstraction (P = 0.011), delayed recall (P = 0.001) and orientation (P = 0.004) were higher in PSP group than those in bvFTD group, while the score of executive function/visuospatial ability and attention had no difference between both 2 groups. And there was no significant difference in ADL score and NPI score between 2 groups. In respect of the 12 items of NPI, the 16 PSP patients (88.89%) and 63 bvFTD patients (96.92% ) had one or more neuropsychiatric behavior symptoms, respectively. The incidence of agitation (P = 0.015) and irritability (P = 0.036) was significantly lower in PSP group than in bvFTD group, while the incidence of apathy (P = 0.047) and depression (P = 0.024) was higher than in bvFTD group. The 18F - FDG PET imaging of all the patients in 2 groups presented decreased metabolism in frontal lobe, insular lobe and caudate nucleus, and PSP group also showed hypometabolism in thalamus and midbrain. Conclusions The PSP patients showed obvious cognitive impairment and psychological symptoms, combined with 18F-FDG PET imaging, which were helpful for distinguishing PSP from bvFTD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background To summarize the clinical, genotype and olfactory characteristic in patients with 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PIB)-positive cognitive impairment. Methods Twenty-seven patients with 11C-PIB-positive cognitive impairment, including 19 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 8 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), were recruited from January 2015 to February 2016 in Tianjin Huanhu Hospital. The clinical, genotype and olfactory profiles were retrospectively analyzed. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL), and Hamilton Depression Scale-21 (HAMD-21) were used to evaluate cognitive function, behavioral and psychological symptoms, activities of daily living, and symptoms of depression, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine ApoE genotype, and T&T olfactometer was used to test threshold of detection and recognition. Results Compared with MCI patients, AD patients had lower MMSE score (P = 0.000), orientation to time (P = 0.031), short-term memory (P = 0.021), recall (P = 0.009), calculation (P = 0.000), repetition (P = 0.038), reading (P = 0.021), writing (P = 0.002), visual-spatial ability (P = 0.039), MoCA score (P = 0.000) and CDT score (P = 0.020), and higher ADL score (P = 0.000). But there was no significant difference in orientation to place, naming, comprehension, NPI score and HAMD-21 score between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). There were no statistical differences in incidence of olfactory dysfunction, threshold of detection and recognition between 2 groups (P > 0.05, for all). There were statistical differences in the incidence of olfactory disorders among different ApoE genotypes (Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.000). To further evaluate the effect of ApoEε4 allele on the olfactory function, subjects were additionally dichotomized according to the presence or absence of at least one ApoEε4 allele. Comparing with the subjects without ApoEε4 allele, the olfactory function decreased significantly in those with ApoEε4 allele (0/11 vs. 12/13; Fisher's exact probability: P = 0.000). Conclusions The patients with 11C-PIB-positive cognitive impairment (AD and MCI) had significant olfactory disturbance, which was related to ApoEε4 allele. The assessment of clinical, genotype and olfactory characteristic was helpful in early diagnosis of AD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A safe and stable electro-polished solution containing concentrated sulfuric acid and ethylene glycol was investigated in this paper, which can be used to electro-polish NiTi alloy. The effects of different conditions on the microstructure and surface roughness of the electro-polished samples were investigated by changing the concentration of sulfuric acid, the electro-polishing voltage and temperature. The trend of the corrosion resistance and the radial force about electro-polished samples and the ground samples was investigated as well. The results show that the best electro-polishing condition was 7 mol/L concentrated sulfuric acid, 10 V voltage and 20 °C, respectively, which got the minimum surface roughness (112.9 nm) of the electro-polished samples. While the corrosion resistance could be improved obviously after electro-polishing by forming the passivation layer and the radial force was also controlled effectively by electro-polishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseeds are a rich source of phenolic compounds. The predominant phenolics present in rape seeds are phenolic acids and condensed tannins. Among them, phenolic acids are present in the free, esterified and insoluble-bound forms and are derivatives of benzoic and cinnamic acids. Free phenolic acids account for 9 - 16% of the total, with sinapic acid being the most important compound of this group (over 70% of the total free phenolic acids). The largest fraction of polyphenolic compounds, accounting for about 80% of the total amount, corresponds to esterified phenolic acids, where sinapine, the choline-ester of sinapic acid, is by large the most representative one. Rapeseed phenolic were extracted with different systems. Extraction with organic solvent, special 70% methanol, is one of the most commonly used. Moreover, ultrasonic assisted extraction can improve effectiveness. Folin-Ciocalteus method, vanillin method, and HPLC analysis usually are used to measure total phenolics, condensed tannins, and phenolic acids content. Rapeseed phenolic extracts show excellent antioxidant activity, which usually were evaluated by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC methods. The chemical structures of phenolics play key roles in antioxidant activity, depending on the number and position of free hydroxyl and methoxyl groups attached to the aromatic ring. The derivatives of cinnamic acid show a higher correlation with antioxidant capacity than the derivatives of benzoic acid. Heat treatment of rapeseeds can significantly increase phenolics and canolol content in rapeseeds and oil from them. Canolol can be formed by thermal decarboxylation of sinapic acid occurring naturally in rapeseeds. Approximately 56-83% of canolol are transferred to the oil after pressing, due to the strong fat solubility of canolol. Phenolic compounds and canolol are practically completely removed from oil during neutralization, bleaching, and deodorization steps. Therefore, unknown phenolic compounds would be identified by HPLC-MS/MS and NMR. The antioxidant activity of individual phenolic compound would be evaluated by cellular antioxidant activity assay, to provide a basis for the development and utilization of rapeseed polyphenols. Moreover, the moderate refining technology of oil could be developed to reduce the loss of polyphenols in rapeseed oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we had collected measurements of mass concentrations of PM10 and other gaseous pollutants, including sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen monoxide, carbon monoxide and ozone, from 2006 to 2013. Methods of time series analysis, such as seasonal trend decomposition by Loess and sliding window analysis, were utilized to analyse the long-term trend, seasonal and weekly variability of PM10 and gaseous pollutants. Results show that the concentration of PM10 deceased slowly since 2006 and started to increase dramatically after 2012. The concentration of SO2 decreased significantly while concentrations of other gaseous pollutants kept steady before 2013 but had increased significantly since then. Regarding the seasonal variability, concentrations of all pollutants except ozone were high in the winter and were low in the summer. However, a reverse variability was observed for ozone. At last, an evident weekly cycle was witnessed for PM10. Its concentration fell to the minimum on Wednesday and reached the maximum on Saturday. Meanwhile, no evident weekly cycles were witnessed for gaseous pollutants according to our observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sample pretreatment is one of the key steps for soil nutrient analysis. It greatly affects the detection efficiency of Ion-selective electrode (ISE) based soil nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 --N) detection. Aiming at shortening the standing time, the polymer flocculant Superfloc127, one of conventional non-ionic polyacrylamide chemicals, was reported to be applied in sample pretreatment of soil detections based on the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS). In this study, the feasibility of employing Surperfloc127 into the soil NO3 --N rapid detection by using ISE was discussed. First, the theoretical analysis of the dynamic electrode process was conducted under the stationary-state conditions, which described the assumed electrochemical equilibrium of the ionic exchange, ionic flux and ionic co-extraction under zero current condition in artificial nitrate solution. A phase boundary potential model was built to prove the ignorable influences produced by Superfloc127 on the solvent polymeric ISE with the inner filling solution. The calculated results of the phase boundary potential model showed that less degradation of the linear detection ranges (LDR) was observed when Superfloc127 was added into the nitrate sample. Theoretically, Superfloc127 was demonstrated acceptable influences on the performance of nitrate ISE. And then, soil samples was prepared to further verify the applicability of Superfloc127. Soil testing was carried out by the self-developed PPy (NO3--N)-membrane nitrate solid-state ISE (PPy-NSISE) and the commercial PVC-membrane nitrate ISE (PVC-NISE). The previous developed soil macronutrient automatic detecting stand was integrated for the measurements throughout the whole study. The effects of Superfloc127 on the performances of PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE were evaluated by comparing the response sensitivities in standard nitrate solutions. The concentrations of superfloc127 were artificially controlled to 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/L. 10 soils covering 4 different types were selected. Each soil was divided into three sets. Soil set1 was measured with ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Soil set2 was pretreated without Superfloc127 and analyzed by the ISEs. Soil set3 was pretreated with Superfloc127 and analyzed with the ISEs. Results showed that the standing time, which represented the duration from the ending instant of the shaking process to the instant of obtaining transparent soil extracts, was enormously shortened from 1.5h to 10s by the addition of Superfloc127. The PPy-NSISE and the PVC-NISE produced good sensitivities with the response slopes of -51.4 and -52.1 mV/decade. Neglectable influence made by Superfloc127 was observed on the changes of sensitivities of PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE. The determination coefficient (R2) of linear regression between ISEs based soil NO3 --N measurements and the UV-VIS results were 0.69 and 0.31 for PPy-NSISE and PVC-NISE, respectively. After continuous determination of 12h, the absolute response slopes of the PPy-NSISE and the PVC-NISE were reduced to 35.1 and 25.4 mV/decade. Moreover, the ISE performance couldn't be recovered even by the re-activation process. In summary, Superfloc127 could greatly improve the efficiency of soil pretreatment. But it will fasten the ISE deteriorating promptly. Therefore, it was not recommended to use Superfloc127 in ISE based soil NO3 --N detection. Researches should be carried out to clarify the mechanism of Superfloc127. The attempts of enhance the pretreatment efficiency of ISE based soil detection were greatly encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The label phenomenon was revealed through verification of the correctness of the complex mode orthogonality theory used in engineering with numerical experiment. Firstly, the decoupling function of the state vectors under different state space schemes was theoretically analyzed. The related conclusions were also proposed on the orthogonal properties of the state vectors in the cases of symmetric and asymmetric structures with repeated frequencies. Secondly, the label phenomenon was found out and the method to eliminate its undesirable influence was given. Finally, through a general example of sensitivity analysis, the likely risk out of ignorance of the label phenomenon was demonstrated. The research indicates that, through necessary orthogonality check and adjustment of the state vectors' orders, the decoupling of the state vectors is realized and the adverse effect of the label phenomenon on the calculation accuracy is eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasingly stringent discharge standards make it necessary to research and develop a new processes that have the advantages of relatively high efficiency, less land occupation, investigated savings, easy management, and maintenance for nutrient removal from the domestic sewage. An enhanced denitrifying phosphorus removal system was developed to treat domestic sewage, especially for the sewage with comparatively low carbon source and high nitrogen and phosphorus concentration. The system included an integrating anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A2/O) reactor and a biological contact oxidation (BCO) (A2/O - BCO for short). The A2/O unit consisted of four compartments in sequence with a working volume of 40L. It was mainly used for the removal of organic compounds and nutrients without ammonium oxidation, while the BCO unit was mainly responsible for nitrification. The BCO unit, with 24L working volume, consisted of three compartments in sequence, where suspended carriers were filled in it, with packing rates of 45% in each zone. The removal of biological nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were investigated in an A2/O - BCO nitrogen and phosphorus removal process when treating domestic sewage. The experiment was carried out with the influent flow at a rate of 5L/h, total hydraulic retention time (HRT) of A2O about 8 h, sludge reflux ratio of 100%, sludge retention time (SRT) of 12d, MLSS maintained at 3500 mg/L, total HRT of BCO about 1.9 h, DO should be controlled within a reasonable range, and nitrate recycling ratios were set as 100%, 200%, 300%, and 400% respectively. Based on the experimental data under steady state operating conditions of different nitrate recycling ratios, the equations for calculating material balances of COD, nitrogen, and phosphate were established. These three material distributions in the system were also evaluated. The result indicated that the process has an advantage of making full use of the raw water carbon and removing biological nitrogen and phosphorus deeply. With the nitrate recycling ratios of 100%, 200%, 300%, and 400% conditions, the system COD was mainly utilized in the anaerobic stage in A2/O reactor, and removal percentages of total COD were 78.5%, 71.8%, 57.9%, and 71.1% respsectively. Nitrogen removal was mainly achieved by denitrifying in the phosphorus removal process by denitrifying phosphorus bacteria. The denitrification removal ratios of the total amount were 28.0%, 35.7%, 48.5%, and 33.9%, respectively. Phosphorus removal was mainly achieved by the discharge of excess sludge, where the amount of phosphorus percentages of total were 78.0%, 88.4%, 84.3%, and 85.4% respectively. Under the different nitrate recycling ratios, COD balance ratios were 96.4%, 99.6%, 98.7%, and 98.3%, nitrogen balance ratios were 99.7%, 98.2%, 99.2%, and 96.5%, and phosphorus balance ratios were 92.0%, 98.1%, 93.3%, and 90.4%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that the anammox bacteria existed in the biofilm of BCO, and its proportion of the total bacterial number was 0.6∼2.7%. The nitrogen loss may be due to the occurrence of the anammox reaction. The amount of denitrifying phosphorus increased slightly with the nitrate recycling ratio improved. But it is essential to control nitrate recycling ratio in the appropriate range to ensure nitrogen removal efficiency. The system achieved the best removal efficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus when the nitrate recycling ratio was set as 300%, in which the average concentrations of TN and TP were 14.96 mg/L and 0.49 mg/L respectively in the effluent, which met the class of a limit (GB18918-2002) of the discharge standards. This study not only contributes to a better understanding and analysis of distribution and changes about organics, nitrogen and phosphorus in process systems, but also provides a theoretical basis and guidance for the reliability evaluation of the of the experimental data by building a mathematical model. The combined A2/O - BCO process will get a better promotion in treating domestic wastewater, especially the rural domestic wastewater with the universal features of small quantity, scattered distribution, and water fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canolol is one of the main phenol compounds in seeds and oil from rapeseed. It is formed under heating and pressing of processed rapeseed by decarboxylation of natural sinapic acid in seeds. Canolol was proved to have good antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties. Therefore, it has important potential in medical health, and other products with high added value. This paper reviewed the research on canolol, including identification, determination, formation, properties and changes during refining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Full-mode Linear Expansion Theory, for computing the modal sensitivity of the multiple-frequency damping structure, two new algorithms which are called respectively the full-mode algorithm and the high accuracy truncated modal algorithm, are put forward in the present paper. Firstly, through introducing the relaxation factors, the new full-mode algorithm proposed eliminates the influence of multiple frequencies on the modal sensitivity analysis. And in addition, for such an algorithm, the source of the error and the error-control method are also theoretically analyzed. Secondly, the high accuracy truncated modal algorithm and its error analysis are proposed through analyzing the contributions of all modes, which are regarded as the truncation criterion, in the full-mode linear expansion subject to the sensitivity analysis of multiple-frequency mode. According to the high accuracy truncated modal algorithm, the fewer modes can obtain the certain information of multiple-frequency modal sensitivity in symmetrical or asymmetrical system, the facts show that not only the theoretical analysis but also numerical calculations indicate the correctness and efficiency of this algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To investigate patients' experiences with the Forsus appliance. METHODS: This questionnaire survey was focused on patients' comprehensive experiences with Forsus, both initially and after several months of wearing, including the patients' overall impressions of the appliance. The survey was conducted in 64 patients wearing Forsus. RESULTS: A high percentage of patients (83.7%) reported neutral to favorable experience with Forsus. 85.4% of patients reported gradual adaption to the appliance within 4 weeks. Cheek irritation was the most serious side effect (about 52%). Cheek irritation and other side effect disappeared over time. CONCLUSIONS: The Forsus appliance is relatively well accepted by patients. Most patients experience some discomfort and functional limitations at first. However, the side effect gradually diminishes with time, and the patients adapt to the appliance finally. Practitioners should be especially vigilant about problems of cheek irritation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of utilization of feather powder and rapeseed cake as solid- state fermentation media to produce bio-organic fertilizers with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR) strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NJN-6 was investigated in this study. The results showed that addition of rapeseed cake and feather powder efficiently solid-state fermented PGPR strain NJN-6 with the optimum additive amount of 100 g·kg-1 ( dry weight), improved the nutrient contents in the novel bio-organic fertilizers and significantly promote banana plant growth. After transplanting for 40 days,the fresh biomass of the above-and below-ground parts of banana plants in treatment 2 supplied with bio-organic fertilizer produced by adding rapeseed cake were 1. 26 and 1. 16 times of that in the CK supplied with chemical fertilizer,and increased by 28. 7% and 31. 2% compared to the treatment 1 supplied with bio- organic fertilizer produced with no exogenous protein resource,while the value for banana plants in treatment 3 treated by bio-organic fertilizer produced by feather powder addition was 1. 18 and 1. 12 times,and increased by 20. 6% and 26. 9%,respectively. After transplanting for 70 days, compared to treatment 1, treatment 2 increased the plant height and stem diameter by 25. 95% and 10-72%,respectively,while treatment 3 increased by 16. 22% and 8. 74%,respectively. In conclusion,although the bio-organic fertilizer supplemented with rapeseed cake more significantly promoted banana growth than that supplemented with feather powder, the latter one still had certain advantages in solid-state fermentation of the PGPR strain and promoting banana growth,indicating a possibility to produce bio-organic fertilizer(BOF)using feather powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To understand the working pressure source of obstetric nurses in Kunming through a sample survey study, so as to provide a reference for obstetric nurses to adjust self-psychology and for clinical managers to relieve working pressure on obstetric nurses. Methods We gave a sampling survey on 249 obstetric nurses in provincial, municipal and private hospitals, and used "Chinese nurse job stress scale" to collect the data for statistical analysis. Results Kunming obstetric nurses' working pressure mainly came from the workload and time allocation. The ten stressors with highest score of pressure were frequent highest score, too much work, low welfare benefits, too much useless paperwork, low social status, worry about mistakes at work, too high expectation of patients, too much non-nursing work, nursing work is not accepted by patients and their families, few nurses to work. Age, title and nature of the preparation had no effect on work stress. Public hospital nurses' working pressure was significantly greater than private hospitals. Conclusion Working pressure sources of obstetric nurses in Kunming are too much night shift, too much work, welfare benefits useless paperwork, social status, mistakes at work, patients expectation work is not accepted and staffing Hospital management and nursing managers should deploy rationally human resources on obstetric area, reasonable scheduling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking a long-term fertilization experiment in Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station under Chinese Academy of Sciences as the platform, and selecting four treatments (no fertilization, CK; rice straw returning, C; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization, NPK; and NPK+C) as the objects, soil samples were collected at the tillering, booting and maturing stages of rice, and the abundance, composition and diversity of nifH-containing bacterial community were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism ( T-RFLP), aimed to understand the effects of rice straw returning on the nifH-containing bacterial community in paddy soil. Compared with CK, treatments NPK+C and NPK increased the abundance of nifH-containing microorganisms significantly (except at tillering stage), and NPK+C had the highest abundance of nifH-containing microorganisms. Under the effects of long-term fertilization, the composition of nifH gene community in CK differed obviously from that in the other three treatments. The nifH composition had definite difference between C and NPK, but less difference between NPK and NPK+C. Long-term fertilization did not induce significant changes in nifH diversity. Therefore, Long-term rice straw returning not only induced the changes of nifH gene community composition, but also resulted in a significant increase in the abundance of nifH-containing community, and hence, the increase of soil nitrogen fixing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Acute ischemic stroke may decline cognitive function and induce vascular dementia (VaD). In early identification of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), active searching for relevant factors, effective and timely treatment can reduce or even prevent further decline of cognitive function. The purpose of this study is to investigate the cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke and its associated factors. Methods A total of 314 cases of acute ischemic stroke patients were recruited in this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to evaluate the degree of cognitive impairment. The American National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the extent of neurological deficit. The Barthel Index (BI) was used to evaluate activities of daily living. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the patients' mental or emotional state. Results Based on the examination results, post - stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) group were less educated (P = 0.000) with lower BI score (P = 0.008), higher HAMD score and higher NIHSS score (P = 0.000, for all), and elevated serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, P = 0.002) and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (P = 0.005) than those in post - stroke no cognitive impairment (PSNCI) group. In PSCI group, the concentration of serum hs-CRP and HbA1c, NIHSS and HAMD scores were negatively correlated with the MoCA rating (P < 0.05, for all); whereas, BI score was positively correlated with the MoCA rating (P < 0.05). The subjects in PSCI group had more cortical ischemic vascular disease (CIVD) and left hemisphere ischemic vascular disease (LHIVD) than subjects in PSNCI group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that lower education, history of diabetes, higher HAMD score, higher serum hs - CRP and HbA1c levels were independent risk factors for PSCI. Conclusion Cognitive impairment after acute ischemic stroke may be closely related to demographic factors, serum hs-CRP level, stroke subtype, HAMD score, the extent of neurological deficit, as well as glycemic control status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an actuator fault diagnosis approach based on unknown input observers for the attitude control system of satellite. More specifically, by considering an actuator fault as the unknown input vector, an unknown input observer is designed so that the residual is sensitive to the other faults while insensitive to the appointed one. In this work, the design of unknown input observer is formulated as a set of linear matrix inequality (LMI), which can be solved by the LMI toolbox conveniently. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to the satellite attitude control system. Simulation examples illustrate the presented method is able to detect and isolate the actuator fault effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]