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With the aim of “carbon peaking” and “carbon neutrality” in China, hydrogen energy will play a crucial role of in the future. The third-generation nuclear power (GEN-Ⅲ) features a relatively low reactor outlet temperature, with the primary application of its generated electric energy to direct electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen. In contrast, the fourth-generation nuclear power (GEN-Ⅳ) has higher thermal efficiency and reactor outlet temperature. Considering the matching of reactor outlet temperature with the hydrogen production process, cogeneration can be employed to effectively reduce the cost of hydrogen production. Sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is one of the GEN-Ⅳ reactors, which has the advantage of high reactor outlet temperature, high efficiency and high-tech maturity, and can provide the thermal power and electrical energy for the hydrogen production process. SFR also have advantages of proliferation of nuclear fuel and burn long-lived radioactive nuclides. The closed fuel cycle formed by the development of fast reactors and pressurized water reactors can effectively achieve the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Hydrogen production could be considered in the design of the next generation million kilowatts-level fast reactor (CFR1000), making the hydrogen production process more economical and reduction of carbon emissions, simultaneously. Considering the reactor outlet temperature and the aim of zero-carbon emission during the hydrogen production process, the results reveal that the most suitable hydrogen production methods for SFR are the thermo-chemical cycle (copper-chlorine cycle) and conventional electrolysis. For conventional electrolysis, hydrogen production efficiency is relatively low, but the technology maturity is much higher compared with the other methods. For the thermo-chemical cycle (copper-chlorine cycle), technology maturity is relatively low but has higher hydrogen production efficiency, which could make the hydrogen production process more economical in the future. Based on the hydrogen economic evaluation program HEEP (V2021) which was developed by the IAEA, an economic study on the hydrogen production cost per kilograms of CFR1000 was conducted, which was verified by the fourth-generation reactor economic evaluation software G4-ECONS V3.0 developed by GIF. The cost of the hydrogen production by conventional electrolysis coupled with the CFR1000 is 3.05 / � � , � � � � ℎ � � � � � � � ℎ � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ℎ � ℎ � � ℎ � � � � − � ℎ � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4.83 /kg. However, with the investment ratio reduction of SFR, and the potential impact of carbon sinks in the future, the cost of hydrogen production will be further explored. HEEP calculation results show that a decrease in the overnight investment of CFR1000 could significantly reduce the cost of hydrogen production. Overall, SFR shows great promise in the field of hydrogen production in the future.

[Introduction] Energy storage is an important component and key supporting technology of Energy Internet. It can provide various services such as peak shaving and frequency modulation. It is an important means to enhance the flexibility, economy and safety of traditional power system. [Method] This paper reviewed the characteristics of the existing main energy storage technologies, and analyzed the functions and requirements of energy storage at power supply side, user side and grid side. According to the status quo of application, the key issues of safety, economy and business model of energy storage are pointed out. [Result] The results show that the energy storage operation simulation, multiple combination utilization, combination of concentration and dispersion should be strengthened from the perspective of energy storage application. [Conclusion] This work provides some guidance for further study on the application research and development of energy storage technology.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device for prevention of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection., Methods: Clinical data of 169 rectal cancer patients in the 8th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between October 2010 and October 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, a self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device was placed in 71 patients(stool drainage group), and the remaining 98 patients were taken as control. After an anastomosis, the drainage device was transanally placed by the assistant and the distal tube of drainage device was stretched more than 15 cm from anastomosis. The gasbag was inflated to fully expand the intestine. The main tube was fixed on perianal skin with 7-0 suture, kept more than 3-5 cm outside the anus, and connected to the drainage bag. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was compared between the two groups., Results: The baseline data were similar between the two groups (all P>0.05). The differences in operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and time to bowel function recovery were not statistically significant (all P>0.05), however, time to oral intake and postoperative stay were shorter in stool drainage group as compared to the control group (both P<0.05). There was no perioperative death in both groups. In stool drainage group, there were 6 cases whose drainage device was pulled out within 48 hours due to intolerance. The ruptured gasbag was replaced 5 times and the tube was clogged by fecal material 21 times. After flushing, the tube did not recanalized and was pulled out in 3 cases. The incidence of anastomotic leakage in stool drainage group was significantly lower than that in the control group (2.8% vs. 11.2%, P=0.043). As for the low anastomosis (the distance to anal verge less than 5 cm), the incidence of anastomotic leakage in stool drainage group was also significantly lower than that in the control group (2.3% vs. 15.4%, P=0.028), while as for the high anastomosis, the difference was not statistically significant (3.6% vs. 3.0%, P=0.906). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of a stool drainage device was an independent protective factor for anastomotic leakage (OR=0.316, 95%CI:0.114 ~ 0.769, P=0.003)., Conclusions: The self-made gasbag double-cannula stool drainage device effectively prevents anastomotic leakage after anterior resection of rectal cancer. However it is not suitable for those patients with high anastomosis.

Objective: To investigate the reasons of anastomotic leakage following learning curve by laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer.
 Methods: From December, 2011 to March, 2015, the clinical information of 179 patients in our hospital who underwent dixon of rectal cancer were collected. The patients were divided into a laparoscopic learning group, a laparotomy group and a laparoscopic group. The reasons of anastomotic leakage for each group were comparatively analyzed. Repeated cutting of anastomotic stoma was compared between the laparoscopic learning group and the laparoscopic group. The male, age, obesity, nutrition complications and the position of anastomotic stoma were compared among the 3 groups.
 Results: The rate of anastomotic leakage in the laparoscopic learning group was significantly higher than that in the laparotomy group and the laparoscopic group (P<0.05). Repeated cutting was a significant risk factor in the laparoscopic learning group (P<0.05), but not in the laparoscopic group. Except obesity, the four factors were significant risk factors in the laparoscopic learning group (P<0.05). All of the five factors were not the significant risk factors in the laparotomy group and the laparoscopic group (P>0.05).
 Conclusion: The operation technical shortcoming is the major factor in the learning of the laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer. In order to reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage in the learning curve period, the selection of patients following the laparoscopic anterior resection of rectal cancer should avoid the following factors: male, older age, the low position of the tumor and the nutrition complications.